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.. _module-pw_fuzzer:
---------
pw_fuzzer
---------
``pw_fuzzer`` provides developers with tools to write `libFuzzer`_ based
fuzzers.
Fuzzing or fuzz testing is style of testing that stochastically generates inputs
to targeted interfaces in order to automatically find defects and/or
vulnerabilities. In other words, fuzzing is simply an automated way of testing
APIs with generated data.
A fuzzer is a program that is used to fuzz a interface. It typically has three
steps that it executes repeatedly:
#. Generate a new, context-free input. This is the *fuzzing engine*. For
``pw_fuzzer``, this is `libFuzzer`_.
#. Use the input to exercise the targeted interface, or code being tested. This
is the *fuzz target function*. For ``pw_fuzzer``, these are the GN
``sources`` and/or ``deps`` that define `LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput`_.
#. Monitor the code being tested for any abnormal conditions. This is the
*instrumentation*. For ``pw_fuzzer``, these are sanitizer runtimes from
LLVM's `compiler_rt`_.
.. note::
``pw_fuzzer`` is currently only supported on Linux and MacOS using clang.
.. image:: doc_resources/pw_fuzzer_coverage_guided.png
:alt: Coverage Guided Fuzzing with libFuzzer
:align: left
Writing fuzzers
===============
To write a fuzzer, a developer needs to write a fuzz target function follwing
the `fuzz target function`__ guidelines given by libFuzzer:
.. code::
extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *data, size_t size) {
DoSomethingInterestingWithMyAPI(data, size);
return 0; // Non-zero return values are reserved for future use.
}
.. __: LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput_
When writing you fuzz target function, you may want to consider:
- It is acceptable to return early if the input doesn't meet some constraints,
e.g. it is too short.
- If your fuzzer accepts data with a well-defined format, you can bootstrap
coverage by crafting examples and adding them to a `corpus`_.
- There are tools to `split a fuzzing input`_ into multiple fields if needed;
the `FuzzedDataProvider`_ is particularly easy to use.
- If your code acts on "transformed" inputs, such as encoded or compressed
inputs, you may want to try `structure aware fuzzing`.
- You can do `startup initialization`_ if you need to.
- If your code is non-deterministic or uses checksums, you may want to disable
those **only** when fuzzing by using LLVM's
`FUZZING_BUILD_MODE_UNSAFE_FOR_PRODUCTION`_
.. _build:
Building fuzzers with GN
========================
To build a fuzzer, do the following:
1. Add the GN target using ``pw_fuzzer`` GN template, and add it to your the
test group of the module:
.. code::
# In $dir_my_module/BUILD.gn
import("$dir_pw_fuzzer/fuzzer.gni")
pw_fuzzer("my_fuzzer") {
sources = [ "my_fuzzer.cc" ]
deps = [ ":my_lib" ]
}
pw_test_group("tests") {
tests = [
":existing_tests", ...
":my_fuzzer", # <- Added!
]
}
2. Select your choice of sanitizers ("address" is also the current default).
See LLVM for `valid options`_.
.. code:: sh
$ gn gen out --args='pw_toolchain_SANITIZERS=["address"]'
3. Build normally, e.g. using ``pw watch``.
.. _run:
Building and running fuzzers with Bazel
=======================================
To build a fuzzer, do the following:
1. Add the Bazel target using ``pw_cc_fuzz_test`` macro.
.. code:: py
load("@pigweed//pw_fuzzer:fuzzer.bzl", "pw_cc_fuzz_test")
pw_cc_fuzz_test(
name = "my_fuzz_test",
srcs = ["my_fuzzer.cc"],
deps = [
"@pigweed//pw_fuzzer",
":my_lib",
],
)
2. Build and run the fuzzer.
.. code:: sh
bazel test //my_module:my_fuzz_test
3. Swap fuzzer backend to use ASAN fuzzing engine.
.. code::
# .bazelrc
# Define the --config=asan-libfuzzer configuration.
build:asan-libfuzzer \
--@rules_fuzzing//fuzzing:cc_engine=@rules_fuzzing//fuzzing/engines:libfuzzer
build:asan-libfuzzer \
--@rules_fuzzing//fuzzing:cc_engine_instrumentation=libfuzzer
build:asan-libfuzzer --@rules_fuzzing//fuzzing:cc_engine_sanitizer=asan
4. Re-run fuzz tests.
.. code::
bazel test //my_module:my_fuzz_test --config asan-libfuzzer
Running fuzzers locally
=======================
Based on the example above, the fuzzer output will be at
``out/host/obj/my_module/my_fuzzer``. It can be invoked using the normal
`libFuzzer options`_ and `sanitizer runtime flags`_. For even more details, see
the libFuzzer section on `running a fuzzer`_.
For example, the following invocation disables "one definition rule" detection,
saves failing inputs to ``artifacts/``, treats any input that takes longer than
10 seconds as a failure, and stores the working corpus in ``corpus/``.
.. code::
$ mkdir -p corpus
$ ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_odr_violation=0 \
out/host_clang_fuzz/obj/pw_fuzzer/bin/toy_fuzzer \
-artifact_prefix=artifacts/ \
-timeout=10 \
corpus
INFO: Seed: 305325345
INFO: Loaded 1 modules (46 inline 8-bit counters): 46 [0x38dfc0, 0x38dfee),
INFO: Loaded 1 PC tables (46 PCs): 46 [0x23aaf0,0x23add0),
INFO: 0 files found in corpus
INFO: -max_len is not provided; libFuzzer will not generate inputs larger than 4096 bytes
INFO: A corpus is not provided, starting from an empty corpus
#2 INITED cov: 2 ft: 3 corp: 1/1b exec/s: 0 rss: 27Mb
#4 NEW cov: 3 ft: 4 corp: 2/3b lim: 4 exec/s: 0 rss: 27Mb L: 2/2 MS: 2 ShuffleBytes-InsertByte-
#11 NEW cov: 7 ft: 8 corp: 3/7b lim: 4 exec/s: 0 rss: 27Mb L: 4/4 MS: 2 EraseBytes-CrossOver-
#27 REDUCE cov: 7 ft: 8 corp: 3/6b lim: 4 exec/s: 0 rss: 27Mb L: 3/3 MS: 1 EraseBytes-
#29 REDUCE cov: 7 ft: 8 corp: 3/5b lim: 4 exec/s: 0 rss: 27Mb L: 2/2 MS: 2 ChangeBit-EraseBytes-
#445 REDUCE cov: 9 ft: 10 corp: 4/13b lim: 8 exec/s: 0 rss: 27Mb L: 8/8 MS: 1 InsertRepeatedBytes-
#12104 NEW cov: 11 ft: 12 corp: 5/24b lim: 122 exec/s: 0 rss: 28Mb L: 11/11 MS: 4 CMP-InsertByte-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte- DE: "\xff\xff"-
#12321 NEW cov: 12 ft: 13 corp: 6/31b lim: 122 exec/s: 0 rss: 28Mb L: 7/11 MS: 2 CopyPart-EraseBytes-
#12459 REDUCE cov: 12 ft: 13 corp: 6/28b lim: 122 exec/s: 0 rss: 28Mb L: 8/8 MS: 3 CMP-InsertByte-EraseBytes- DE: "\x00\x00"-
#12826 REDUCE cov: 12 ft: 13 corp: 6/26b lim: 122 exec/s: 0 rss: 28Mb L: 5/8 MS: 2 ShuffleBytes-EraseBytes-
#14824 REDUCE cov: 12 ft: 13 corp: 6/25b lim: 135 exec/s: 0 rss: 28Mb L: 4/8 MS: 3 PersAutoDict-ShuffleBytes-EraseBytes- DE: "\x00\x00"-
#15106 REDUCE cov: 12 ft: 13 corp: 6/24b lim: 135 exec/s: 0 rss: 28Mb L: 3/8 MS: 2 ChangeByte-EraseBytes-
...
#197809 REDUCE cov: 35 ft: 36 corp: 22/129b lim: 1800 exec/s: 0 rss: 79Mb L: 9/9 MS: 1 InsertByte-
#216250 REDUCE cov: 35 ft: 36 corp: 22/128b lim: 1980 exec/s: 0 rss: 87Mb L: 8/8 MS: 1 EraseBytes-
#242761 REDUCE cov: 35 ft: 36 corp: 22/127b lim: 2237 exec/s: 0 rss: 101Mb L: 7/8 MS: 1 EraseBytes-
==126148== ERROR: libFuzzer: deadly signal
#0 0x35b981 in __sanitizer_print_stack_trace ../recipe_cleanup/clangFu99hg/llvm_build_dir/tools/clang/stage2-bins/runtimes/runtimes-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-bins/compiler-rt/lib/asan/asan_stack.cpp:86:3
#1 0x2bcdb5 in fuzzer::PrintStackTrace() (/home/aarongreen/src/pigweed/out/host/obj/pw_fuzzer/toy_fuzzer+0x2bcdb5)
#2 0x2a2ac9 in fuzzer::Fuzzer::CrashCallback() (/home/aarongreen/src/pigweed/out/host/obj/pw_fuzzer/toy_fuzzer+0x2a2ac9)
#3 0x7f866684151f (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0+0x1351f)
#4 0x3831df in (anonymous namespace)::toy_example(char const*, char const*) /home/aarongreen/src/pigweed/out/host/../../pw_fuzzer/examples/toy_fuzzer.cc:49:15
#5 0x3831df in LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput /home/aarongreen/src/pigweed/out/host/../../pw_fuzzer/examples/toy_fuzzer.cc:80:3
#6 0x2a4025 in fuzzer::Fuzzer::ExecuteCallback(unsigned char const*, unsigned long) (/home/aarongreen/src/pigweed/out/host/obj/pw_fuzzer/toy_fuzzer+0x2a4025)
#7 0x2a3774 in fuzzer::Fuzzer::RunOne(unsigned char const*, unsigned long, bool, fuzzer::InputInfo*, bool*) (/home/aarongreen/src/pigweed/out/host/obj/pw_fuzzer/toy_fuzzer+0x2a3774)
#8 0x2a5769 in fuzzer::Fuzzer::MutateAndTestOne() (/home/aarongreen/src/pigweed/out/host/obj/pw_fuzzer/toy_fuzzer+0x2a5769)
#9 0x2a6185 in fuzzer::Fuzzer::Loop(std::__Fuzzer::vector<fuzzer::SizedFile, fuzzer::fuzzer_allocator<fuzzer::SizedFile> >&) (/home/aarongreen/src/pigweed/out/host/obj/pw_fuzzer/toy_fuzzer+0x2a6185)
#10 0x294c8a in fuzzer::FuzzerDriver(int*, char***, int (*)(unsigned char const*, unsigned long)) (/home/aarongreen/src/pigweed/out/host/obj/pw_fuzzer/toy_fuzzer+0x294c8a)
#11 0x2bd422 in main ../recipe_cleanup/clangFu99hg/llvm_build_dir/tools/clang/stage2-bins/runtimes/runtimes-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-bins/compiler-rt/lib/fuzzer/FuzzerMain.cpp:19:10
#12 0x7f8666684bba in __libc_start_main (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x26bba)
#13 0x26ae19 in _start (/home/aarongreen/src/pigweed/out/host/obj/pw_fuzzer/toy_fuzzer+0x26ae19)
NOTE: libFuzzer has rudimentary signal handlers.
Combine libFuzzer with AddressSanitizer or similar for better crash reports.
SUMMARY: libFuzzer: deadly signal
MS: 1 CrossOver-; base unit: 9f479f7a6e3a21363397a25da3168218ba182a16
0x68,0x65,0x6c,0x6c,0x6f,0x0,0x77,0x6f,0x72,0x6c,0x64,0x0,0x0,0x0,
hello\x00world\x00\x00\x00
artifact_prefix='artifacts'; Test unit written to artifacts/crash-6e4fdc7ffd04131ea15dd243a0890b1b606f4831
Base64: aGVsbG8Ad29ybGQAAAA=
Running fuzzers on OSS-Fuzz
===========================
Pigweed is integrated with `OSS-Fuzz`_, a continuous fuzzing infrastructure for
open source software. Fuzzers listed in in ``pw_test_groups`` will automatically
start being run within a day or so of appearing in the git repository.
Bugs produced by OSS-Fuzz can be found in its `Monorail instance`_. These bugs
include:
* A detailed report, including a symbolized backtrace.
* A revision range indicating when the bug has been detected.
* A minimized testcase, which is a fuzzer input that can be used to reproduce
the bug.
To reproduce a bug:
#. Build_ the fuzzers as described above.
#. Download the minimized testcase.
#. Run_ the fuzzer with the testcase as an argument.
For example, if the testcase is saved as "~/Downloads/testcase"
and the fuzzer is the same as in the examples above, you could run:
.. code::
$ ./out/host/obj/pw_fuzzer/toy_fuzzer ~/Downloads/testcase
If you need to recreate the OSS-Fuzz environment locally, you can use its
documentation on `reproducing`_ issues.
In particular, you can recreate the OSS-Fuzz environment using:
.. code::
$ python infra/helper.py pull_images
$ python infra/helper.py build_image pigweed
$ python infra/helper.py build_fuzzers --sanitizer <address/undefined> pigweed
With that environment, you can run the reproduce bugs using:
.. code::
python infra/helper.py reproduce pigweed <pw_module>_<fuzzer_name> ~/Downloads/testcase
You can even verify fixes in your local source checkout:
.. code::
$ python infra/helper.py build_fuzzers --sanitizer <address/undefined> pigweed $PW_ROOT
$ python infra/helper.py reproduce pigweed <pw_module>_<fuzzer_name> ~/Downloads/testcase
.. _compiler_rt: https://compiler-rt.llvm.org/
.. _corpus: https://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html#corpus
.. _FUZZING_BUILD_MODE_UNSAFE_FOR_PRODUCTION: https://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html#fuzzer-friendly-build-mode
.. _FuzzedDataProvider: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/HEAD/compiler-rt/include/fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h
.. _libFuzzer: https://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html
.. _libFuzzer options: https://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html#options
.. _LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput: https://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html#fuzz-target
.. _monorail instance: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz
.. _oss-fuzz: https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz
.. _reproducing: https://google.github.io/oss-fuzz/advanced-topics/reproducing/
.. _running a fuzzer: https://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html#running
.. _sanitizer runtime flags: https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/SanitizerCommonFlags
.. _split a fuzzing input: https://github.com/google/fuzzing/blob/HEAD/docs/split-inputs.md
.. _startup initialization: https://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html#startup-initialization
.. _structure aware fuzzing: https://github.com/google/fuzzing/blob/HEAD/docs/structure-aware-fuzzing.md
.. _valid options: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Instrumentation-Options.html