diff --git a/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin/src/common/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/internal/kotlinDomApiDependencyManagement.kt b/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin/src/common/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/internal/kotlinDomApiDependencyManagement.kt
index d14464d..d86fa5c 100644
--- a/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin/src/common/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/internal/kotlinDomApiDependencyManagement.kt
+++ b/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin/src/common/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/internal/kotlinDomApiDependencyManagement.kt
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.targets.js.npm.SemVer
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.utils.forAllTargets
 
-private const val KOTLIN_DOM_API_MODULE_NAME = "kotlin-dom-api-compat"
+internal const val KOTLIN_DOM_API_MODULE_NAME = "kotlin-dom-api-compat"
 
 private val Dependency.isKotlinDomApiDependency: Boolean
     get() = group == KOTLIN_MODULE_GROUP && (name == KOTLIN_DOM_API_MODULE_NAME)
diff --git a/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin/src/common/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/plugin/diagnostics/KotlinToolingDiagnostics.kt b/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin/src/common/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/plugin/diagnostics/KotlinToolingDiagnostics.kt
index 27a1f3e..c789d13 100644
--- a/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin/src/common/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/plugin/diagnostics/KotlinToolingDiagnostics.kt
+++ b/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin/src/common/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/plugin/diagnostics/KotlinToolingDiagnostics.kt
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
 package org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.diagnostics
 
 import org.gradle.api.Project
+import org.gradle.api.artifacts.Configuration
+import org.gradle.api.artifacts.Dependency
+import org.gradle.internal.extensions.stdlib.capitalized
 import org.gradle.util.GradleVersion
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.InternalKotlinGradlePluginApi
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.*
@@ -25,7 +28,7 @@
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.PropertiesProvider.PropertyNames.KOTLIN_NATIVE_IGNORE_DISABLED_TARGETS
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.PropertiesProvider.PropertyNames.KOTLIN_NATIVE_SUPPRESS_EXPERIMENTAL_ARTIFACTS_DSL_WARNING
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.diagnostics.ToolingDiagnostic.Severity.*
-import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.mpp.resources.resolve.KotlinTargetResourcesResolution
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.mpp.uklibs.diagnostics.UklibFromKGPSourceSetsDependenciesChecker
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.sources.android.multiplatformAndroidSourceSetLayoutV1
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.sources.android.multiplatformAndroidSourceSetLayoutV2
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.utils.prettyName
@@ -92,6 +95,40 @@
         }
     }
 
+    internal object UklibInconsistentDependencyDeclarationViolation : ToolingDiagnosticFactory(ERROR, DiagnosticGroups.KGP.Misconfiguration) {
+        operator fun invoke(violations: List<UklibFromKGPSourceSetsDependenciesChecker.DependencyDeclarationViolation>) = build {
+            title("UklibInconsistentDependencyDeclarationViolation")
+                .description(
+                    buildString {
+                        append(
+                            """
+                    Uklibs only support consistent dependency declarations. Please declare all dependencies in the root source set:
+                     
+                        kotlin {
+                            sourceSets.commonMain {
+                                dependencies {
+                                    ...
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    
+                    The following configurations declare unique dependencies:
+                    """.trimIndent()
+                        )
+
+                        violations.forEach { violation ->
+                            appendLine()
+                            appendLine(violation.configuration)
+                            violation.uniqueDependencies.map { it.toString() }.sorted().forEach {
+                                appendLine("  $it")
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                )
+                .solution("???")
+        }
+    }
+
     object DeprecatedKotlinNativeTargetsDiagnostic : ToolingDiagnosticFactory(ERROR, DiagnosticGroups.KGP.Misconfiguration) {
         operator fun invoke(usedTargetIds: List<String>) = buildDiagnostic(
             title = "Deprecated Kotlin/Native Targets",
diff --git a/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin/src/common/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/plugin/mpp/uklibs/diagnostics/UklibFromKGPSourceSetsDependenciesChecker.kt b/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin/src/common/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/plugin/mpp/uklibs/diagnostics/UklibFromKGPSourceSetsDependenciesChecker.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49cd454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin/src/common/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/plugin/mpp/uklibs/diagnostics/UklibFromKGPSourceSetsDependenciesChecker.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2010-2024 JetBrains s.r.o. and Kotlin Programming Language contributors.
+ * Use of this source code is governed by the Apache 2.0 license that can be found in the license/LICENSE.txt file.
+ */
+
+package org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.mpp.uklibs.diagnostics
+
+import org.gradle.api.artifacts.Configuration
+import org.gradle.api.artifacts.Dependency
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.internal.KOTLIN_DOM_API_MODULE_NAME
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.internal.KOTLIN_MODULE_GROUP
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.internal.stdlibModules
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.KotlinCompilation
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.mpp.internal
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.mpp.resolvableMetadataConfiguration
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.sources.internal
+
+internal object UklibFromKGPSourceSetsDependenciesChecker {
+
+    data class DependencyDeclarationViolation(
+        val configuration: Configuration,
+        val uniqueDependencies: Set<Dependency>,
+    )
+
+    /**
+     * Check that dependencies are specified consistently in all compilations which are going to be published as if we already has library to
+     * library dependencies.
+     *
+     * This check unfortunately can't be accurate unless the entire graph of dependencies resolves to Uklibs, so we don't even try to resolve
+     * these configurations and only look at the declared dependencies.
+     */
+    fun findInconsistentDependencyDeclarations(
+        uklibPublishedPlatformCompilations: List<KotlinCompilation<*>>,
+        publishedMetadataCompilations: List<KotlinCompilation<*>>,
+    ): Set<DependencyDeclarationViolation> {
+        // FIXME: This filtering is not accurate if these are specified manually
+        val ignoreDependenciesInsertedByDefault = setOf(
+            KOTLIN_DOM_API_MODULE_NAME,
+        ) + stdlibModules
+
+        fun Configuration.declaredDependencies() = incoming.dependencies.filterNot {
+            it.group == KOTLIN_MODULE_GROUP && it.name in ignoreDependenciesInsertedByDefault
+        }.toSet()
+
+        val compilationDependencies = uklibPublishedPlatformCompilations.associate {
+            val conf = it.internal.configurations.compileDependencyConfiguration
+            conf to conf.declaredDependencies()
+        } + publishedMetadataCompilations.associate {
+            // For metadata compilations we always resolve resolvableMetadataConfiguration instead of the compileDependencyConfiguration
+            val conf = it.defaultSourceSet.internal.resolvableMetadataConfiguration
+            conf to conf.declaredDependencies()
+        }
+
+        // Ignore dependencies that are shared between all compilations
+        val sharedDependencies = compilationDependencies.values.first().toMutableSet()
+        compilationDependencies.values.forEach {
+            sharedDependencies.retainAll(it)
+        }
+        val violations = mutableListOf<DependencyDeclarationViolation>()
+        compilationDependencies.forEach {
+            val configuration = it.key
+            val dependencies = it.value
+
+            val uniqueDependencies = dependencies - sharedDependencies
+            if (uniqueDependencies.isNotEmpty()) {
+                violations.add(
+                    DependencyDeclarationViolation(
+                        configuration,
+                        uniqueDependencies,
+                    )
+                )
+            }
+        }
+        return violations.toSet()
+    }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin/src/common/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/plugin/mpp/uklibs/publication/UklibFromKGPModel.kt b/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin/src/common/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/plugin/mpp/uklibs/publication/UklibFromKGPModel.kt
index dd8bb7b..a793c32 100644
--- a/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin/src/common/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/plugin/mpp/uklibs/publication/UklibFromKGPModel.kt
+++ b/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin/src/common/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/plugin/mpp/uklibs/publication/UklibFromKGPModel.kt
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.diagnostics.*
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.mpp.uklibs.UklibFragmentPlatformAttribute
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.mpp.uklibs.diagnostics.UklibFragmentsChecker
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.mpp.uklibs.diagnostics.UklibFromKGPSourceSetsDependenciesChecker
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.mpp.uklibs.uklibFragmentPlatformAttribute
 import java.io.File
 
@@ -124,6 +125,10 @@
          */
     } else {
         project.ensureSourceSetStructureIsUklibCompliant(allPublishedCompilations)
+        project.ensureDependenciesAreDeclaredConsistentlyAcrossAllSourceSets(
+            uklibPublishedPlatformCompilations = uklibPublishedPlatformCompilations,
+            publishedMetadataCompilations = publishedMetadataCompilations,
+        )
     }
 
     return fragments
@@ -139,6 +144,23 @@
     }
 }
 
+private fun Project.ensureDependenciesAreDeclaredConsistentlyAcrossAllSourceSets(
+    uklibPublishedPlatformCompilations: List<KotlinCompilation<*>>,
+    publishedMetadataCompilations: List<KotlinCompilation<*>>,
+) {
+    val violations = UklibFromKGPSourceSetsDependenciesChecker.findInconsistentDependencyDeclarations(
+        uklibPublishedPlatformCompilations = uklibPublishedPlatformCompilations,
+        publishedMetadataCompilations = publishedMetadataCompilations,
+    )
+    if (violations.isNotEmpty()) {
+        project.reportDiagnostic(
+            KotlinToolingDiagnostics.UklibInconsistentDependencyDeclarationViolation(
+                violations.toList()
+            )
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 private fun kgpUklibFragment(
     mainCompilation: KotlinCompilation<*>,
     artifactProvidingTask: TaskProvider<*>,
diff --git a/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin/src/functionalTest/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/unitTests/uklibs/UklibDependencyDeclarationViolations.kt b/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin/src/functionalTest/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/unitTests/uklibs/UklibDependencyDeclarationViolations.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13b6a50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin/src/functionalTest/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/unitTests/uklibs/UklibDependencyDeclarationViolations.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2010-2024 JetBrains s.r.o. and Kotlin Programming Language contributors.
+ * Use of this source code is governed by the Apache 2.0 license that can be found in the license/LICENSE.txt file.
+ */
+
+package org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.unitTests.uklibs
+
+import org.gradle.api.artifacts.Configuration
+import org.gradle.api.artifacts.Dependency
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.artifacts.publishedMetadataCompilations
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl.KotlinMultiplatformExtension
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl.awaitMetadataTarget
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.mpp.internal
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.mpp.resolvableMetadataConfiguration
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.mpp.uklibs.diagnostics.UklibFromKGPSourceSetsDependenciesChecker
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.mpp.uklibs.publication.uklibPublishedPlatformCompilations
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.sources.internal
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.util.buildProjectWithMPP
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.util.androidLibrary
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.util.kotlin
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.util.runLifecycleAwareTest
+import kotlin.test.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+
+class UklibDependencyDeclarationViolations {
+
+    @Test
+    fun `dependency specification validation - is not triggered when there are no metadata compilations`() {
+        runTest(
+            { emptySet() }
+        ) {
+            iosArm64()
+
+            sourceSets.commonMain.dependencies {
+                implementation("a:b:1.0")
+            }
+            sourceSets.iosArm64Main.dependencies {
+                implementation("c:d:1.0")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `dependency specification validation - with shared and differing dependencies across shared and platform source sets`() {
+        runTest(
+            {
+                setOf(
+                    violation(
+                        iosArm64().compilations.getByName("main").internal.configurations.compileDependencyConfiguration,
+                        setOf(
+                            project.dependencies.create("a:different_version:2.0"),
+                            project.dependencies.create("a:platform:1.0"),
+                        ),
+                    )
+                )
+            }
+        ) {
+            iosArm64()
+            iosX64()
+
+            sourceSets.commonMain.dependencies {
+                // This dependency is propagated to all compilations
+                implementation("a:common:1.0")
+                // This dependency is shared across all compilations
+                implementation("a:shared:1.0")
+                // This dependency is specified again with a differing version
+                implementation("a:different_version:1.0")
+            }
+            sourceSets.iosArm64Main.dependencies {
+                implementation("a:shared:1.0")
+                implementation("a:different_version:2.0")
+                // This dependency is only specified in the platform compilation
+                implementation("a:platform:1.0")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `dependency specification validation - warns about missing dependency due to potentially filtered shared sources sets`() {
+        runTest(
+            {
+                setOf(
+                    violation(
+                        iosArm64().compilations.getByName("main").internal.configurations.compileDependencyConfiguration,
+                        setOf(
+                            project.dependencies.create("a:ios:1.0"),
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                    violation(
+                        iosX64().compilations.getByName("main").internal.configurations.compileDependencyConfiguration,
+                        setOf(
+                            project.dependencies.create("a:ios:1.0"),
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                    violation(
+                        sourceSets.appleMain.get().internal.resolvableMetadataConfiguration,
+                        setOf(
+                            project.dependencies.create("a:ios:1.0"),
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                    violation(
+                        sourceSets.iosMain.get().internal.resolvableMetadataConfiguration,
+                        setOf(
+                            project.dependencies.create("a:ios:1.0"),
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                )
+            }
+        ) {
+            iosArm64()
+            iosX64()
+
+            // The dependency is missing in potentially published fragments nativeMain and commonMain
+            sourceSets.appleMain.dependencies {
+                implementation("a:ios:1.0")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `dependency specification validation - when platform hierarchy is missing metadata compilations`() {
+        runTest(
+            {
+                setOf(
+                    violation(
+                        iosArm64().compilations.getByName("main").internal.configurations.compileDependencyConfiguration,
+                        setOf(
+                            project.dependencies.create("a:apple:1.0"),
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                    violation(
+                        linuxArm64().compilations.getByName("main").internal.configurations.compileDependencyConfiguration,
+                        setOf(
+                            project.dependencies.create("a:linux:1.0"),
+                        ),
+                    )
+                )
+            }
+        ) {
+            iosArm64()
+            linuxArm64()
+
+            sourceSets.commonMain.dependencies {
+                implementation("a:common:1.0")
+            }
+            sourceSets.appleMain.dependencies {
+                implementation("a:apple:1.0")
+            }
+            sourceSets.linuxMain.dependencies {
+                implementation("a:linux:1.0")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `dependency specification validation - don't emit for dependencies added by default`() {
+        runTest(
+            {
+                emptySet()
+            }
+        ) {
+            project.androidLibrary { compileSdk = 31 }
+
+            jvm()
+            iosArm64()
+            iosX64()
+            js()
+            wasmJs()
+            wasmWasi()
+            mingwX64()
+            androidTarget()
+
+            sourceSets.commonMain.dependencies {
+                implementation("a:common:1.0")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun violation(
+        configuration: Configuration,
+        uniqueDependencies: Set<Dependency>,
+    ): UklibFromKGPSourceSetsDependenciesChecker.DependencyDeclarationViolation = UklibFromKGPSourceSetsDependenciesChecker.DependencyDeclarationViolation(
+        configuration,
+        uniqueDependencies
+    )
+
+    private fun runTest(
+        expectedViolations: KotlinMultiplatformExtension.() -> Set<UklibFromKGPSourceSetsDependenciesChecker.DependencyDeclarationViolation>,
+        configure: KotlinMultiplatformExtension.() -> Unit,
+    ) {
+        buildProjectWithMPP {
+            kotlin {
+                configure()
+
+                runLifecycleAwareTest {
+                    assertEquals(
+                        expectedViolations(),
+                        UklibFromKGPSourceSetsDependenciesChecker.findInconsistentDependencyDeclarations(
+                            uklibPublishedPlatformCompilations(),
+                            awaitMetadataTarget().publishedMetadataCompilations(),
+                        )
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file