Pass large ldflags to cgo via response file instead of env variable. (#4386)

**What type of PR is this?**

Bug fix

**What does this PR do? Why is it needed?**

Pass ldflags to cgo tool via a response file instead of `CGO_LDFLAGS`
env variable for go 1.23+. This avoids the "argument list too long"
error, which can happen if `CGO_LDFLAGS` is so large that it exceeds the
system limits.

Support to accept ldflags via file was added to `go` more than a year
ago. References:
- https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/584655
- Discussion: https://github.com/golang/go/issues/66456

**Which issues(s) does this PR fix?**

Fixes #2654

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Co-authored-by: Dhiraj Goel <dhirajgoel@intrinsic.ai>
Co-authored-by: Jay Conrod <jay@engflow.com>