diff --git a/.bazelci/presubmit.yml b/.bazelci/presubmit.yml
index 8fb800f..64bbd53 100644
--- a/.bazelci/presubmit.yml
+++ b/.bazelci/presubmit.yml
@@ -635,6 +635,12 @@
     working_directory: test/bzlmod_repo_mapping/module_a
     test_targets:
       - "//..."
+  aliased_toolchains:
+    name: aliased toolchains test
+    platform: ubuntu2004
+    working_directory: test/aliased_toolchains
+    build_targets:
+      - "@rust_toolchains//:all"
   android_examples_ubuntu2004:
     name: Android Examples
     platform: ubuntu2004
diff --git a/.bazelignore b/.bazelignore
index 8aaeb6a..4d6f747 100644
--- a/.bazelignore
+++ b/.bazelignore
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 docs
 examples
 crate_universe/private/bootstrap
+test/aliased_toolchains
 test/bzlmod_repo_mapping
 test/cc_common_link
 test/no_std
diff --git a/docs/src/flatten.md b/docs/src/flatten.md
index 5eb86e2..c0da9ea 100644
--- a/docs/src/flatten.md
+++ b/docs/src/flatten.md
@@ -1841,7 +1841,7 @@
 rust_register_toolchains(<a href="#rust_register_toolchains-dev_components">dev_components</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-edition">edition</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-allocator_library">allocator_library</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-global_allocator_library">global_allocator_library</a>,
                          <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-register_toolchains">register_toolchains</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-rustfmt_version">rustfmt_version</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-rust_analyzer_version">rust_analyzer_version</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-sha256s">sha256s</a>,
                          <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-extra_target_triples">extra_target_triples</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-extra_rustc_flags">extra_rustc_flags</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-extra_exec_rustc_flags">extra_exec_rustc_flags</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-urls">urls</a>,
-                         <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-versions">versions</a>)
+                         <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-versions">versions</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-aliases">aliases</a>)
 </pre>
 
 Emits a default set of toolchains for Linux, MacOS, and Freebsd
@@ -1878,7 +1878,8 @@
 | <a id="rust_register_toolchains-extra_rustc_flags"></a>extra_rustc_flags |  Dictionary of target triples to list of extra flags to pass to rustc in non-exec configuration.   |  `None` |
 | <a id="rust_register_toolchains-extra_exec_rustc_flags"></a>extra_exec_rustc_flags |  Extra flags to pass to rustc in exec configuration.   |  `None` |
 | <a id="rust_register_toolchains-urls"></a>urls |  A list of mirror urls containing the tools from the Rust-lang static file server. These must contain the '{}' used to substitute the tool being fetched (using .format).   |  `["https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/{}.tar.xz"]` |
-| <a id="rust_register_toolchains-versions"></a>versions |  A list of toolchain versions to download. This paramter only accepts one versions per channel. E.g. `["1.65.0", "nightly/2022-11-02", "beta/2020-12-30"]`.   |  `["1.82.0", "nightly/2024-10-17"]` |
+| <a id="rust_register_toolchains-versions"></a>versions |  A list of toolchain versions to download. This parameter only accepts one versions per channel. E.g. `["1.65.0", "nightly/2022-11-02", "beta/2020-12-30"]`.   |  `["1.82.0", "nightly/2024-10-17"]` |
+| <a id="rust_register_toolchains-aliases"></a>aliases |  A mapping of "full" repository name to another name to use instead.   |  `{}` |
 
 
 <a id="rust_repositories"></a>
@@ -1908,7 +1909,7 @@
                     <a href="#rust_repository_set-global_allocator_library">global_allocator_library</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-extra_target_triples">extra_target_triples</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-rustfmt_version">rustfmt_version</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-edition">edition</a>,
                     <a href="#rust_repository_set-dev_components">dev_components</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-extra_rustc_flags">extra_rustc_flags</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-extra_exec_rustc_flags">extra_exec_rustc_flags</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-opt_level">opt_level</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-sha256s">sha256s</a>,
                     <a href="#rust_repository_set-urls">urls</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-auth">auth</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-netrc">netrc</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-auth_patterns">auth_patterns</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-register_toolchain">register_toolchain</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-exec_compatible_with">exec_compatible_with</a>,
-                    <a href="#rust_repository_set-default_target_compatible_with">default_target_compatible_with</a>)
+                    <a href="#rust_repository_set-default_target_compatible_with">default_target_compatible_with</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-aliases">aliases</a>)
 </pre>
 
 Assembles a remote repository for the given toolchain params, produces a proxy repository     to contain the toolchain declaration, and registers the toolchains.
@@ -1939,6 +1940,7 @@
 | <a id="rust_repository_set-register_toolchain"></a>register_toolchain |  If True, the generated `rust_toolchain` target will become a registered toolchain.   |  `True` |
 | <a id="rust_repository_set-exec_compatible_with"></a>exec_compatible_with |  A list of constraints for the execution platform for this toolchain.   |  `None` |
 | <a id="rust_repository_set-default_target_compatible_with"></a>default_target_compatible_with |  A list of constraints for the target platform for this toolchain when the exec platform is the same as the target platform.   |  `None` |
+| <a id="rust_repository_set-aliases"></a>aliases |  Replacement names to use for toolchains created by this macro.   |  `{}` |
 
 
 <a id="rust_test_suite"></a>
diff --git a/docs/src/rust_repositories.md b/docs/src/rust_repositories.md
index 1b84a36..e266dc2 100644
--- a/docs/src/rust_repositories.md
+++ b/docs/src/rust_repositories.md
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@
 rust_register_toolchains(<a href="#rust_register_toolchains-dev_components">dev_components</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-edition">edition</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-allocator_library">allocator_library</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-global_allocator_library">global_allocator_library</a>,
                          <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-register_toolchains">register_toolchains</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-rustfmt_version">rustfmt_version</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-rust_analyzer_version">rust_analyzer_version</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-sha256s">sha256s</a>,
                          <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-extra_target_triples">extra_target_triples</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-extra_rustc_flags">extra_rustc_flags</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-extra_exec_rustc_flags">extra_exec_rustc_flags</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-urls">urls</a>,
-                         <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-versions">versions</a>)
+                         <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-versions">versions</a>, <a href="#rust_register_toolchains-aliases">aliases</a>)
 </pre>
 
 Emits a default set of toolchains for Linux, MacOS, and Freebsd
@@ -214,7 +214,8 @@
 | <a id="rust_register_toolchains-extra_rustc_flags"></a>extra_rustc_flags |  Dictionary of target triples to list of extra flags to pass to rustc in non-exec configuration.   |  `None` |
 | <a id="rust_register_toolchains-extra_exec_rustc_flags"></a>extra_exec_rustc_flags |  Extra flags to pass to rustc in exec configuration.   |  `None` |
 | <a id="rust_register_toolchains-urls"></a>urls |  A list of mirror urls containing the tools from the Rust-lang static file server. These must contain the '{}' used to substitute the tool being fetched (using .format).   |  `["https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/{}.tar.xz"]` |
-| <a id="rust_register_toolchains-versions"></a>versions |  A list of toolchain versions to download. This paramter only accepts one versions per channel. E.g. `["1.65.0", "nightly/2022-11-02", "beta/2020-12-30"]`.   |  `["1.82.0", "nightly/2024-10-17"]` |
+| <a id="rust_register_toolchains-versions"></a>versions |  A list of toolchain versions to download. This parameter only accepts one versions per channel. E.g. `["1.65.0", "nightly/2022-11-02", "beta/2020-12-30"]`.   |  `["1.82.0", "nightly/2024-10-17"]` |
+| <a id="rust_register_toolchains-aliases"></a>aliases |  A mapping of "full" repository name to another name to use instead.   |  `{}` |
 
 
 <a id="rust_repositories"></a>
@@ -244,7 +245,7 @@
                     <a href="#rust_repository_set-global_allocator_library">global_allocator_library</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-extra_target_triples">extra_target_triples</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-rustfmt_version">rustfmt_version</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-edition">edition</a>,
                     <a href="#rust_repository_set-dev_components">dev_components</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-extra_rustc_flags">extra_rustc_flags</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-extra_exec_rustc_flags">extra_exec_rustc_flags</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-opt_level">opt_level</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-sha256s">sha256s</a>,
                     <a href="#rust_repository_set-urls">urls</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-auth">auth</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-netrc">netrc</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-auth_patterns">auth_patterns</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-register_toolchain">register_toolchain</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-exec_compatible_with">exec_compatible_with</a>,
-                    <a href="#rust_repository_set-default_target_compatible_with">default_target_compatible_with</a>)
+                    <a href="#rust_repository_set-default_target_compatible_with">default_target_compatible_with</a>, <a href="#rust_repository_set-aliases">aliases</a>)
 </pre>
 
 Assembles a remote repository for the given toolchain params, produces a proxy repository     to contain the toolchain declaration, and registers the toolchains.
@@ -275,6 +276,7 @@
 | <a id="rust_repository_set-register_toolchain"></a>register_toolchain |  If True, the generated `rust_toolchain` target will become a registered toolchain.   |  `True` |
 | <a id="rust_repository_set-exec_compatible_with"></a>exec_compatible_with |  A list of constraints for the execution platform for this toolchain.   |  `None` |
 | <a id="rust_repository_set-default_target_compatible_with"></a>default_target_compatible_with |  A list of constraints for the target platform for this toolchain when the exec platform is the same as the target platform.   |  `None` |
+| <a id="rust_repository_set-aliases"></a>aliases |  Replacement names to use for toolchains created by this macro.   |  `{}` |
 
 
 <a id="rust_toolchain_repository"></a>
diff --git a/rust/extensions.bzl b/rust/extensions.bzl
index 683d11d..5e6edf5 100644
--- a/rust/extensions.bzl
+++ b/rust/extensions.bzl
@@ -69,7 +69,9 @@
                 urls = toolchain.urls,
                 versions = toolchain.versions,
                 register_toolchains = False,
+                aliases = toolchain.aliases,
             )
+    return module_ctx.extension_metadata(reproducible = True)
 
 _COMMON_TAG_KWARGS = dict(
     allocator_library = attr.string(
@@ -109,12 +111,21 @@
         ),
         versions = attr.string_list(
             doc = (
-                "A list of toolchain versions to download. This paramter only accepts one versions " +
+                "A list of toolchain versions to download. This parameter only accepts one version " +
                 "per channel. E.g. `[\"1.65.0\", \"nightly/2022-11-02\", \"beta/2020-12-30\"]`. " +
                 "May be set to an empty list (`[]`) to inhibit `rules_rust` from registering toolchains."
             ),
             default = _RUST_TOOLCHAIN_VERSIONS,
         ),
+        aliases = attr.string_dict(
+            doc = (
+                "Map of full toolchain repository name to an alias. If any repository is created by this " +
+                "extension matches a key in this dictionary, the name of the created repository will be " +
+                "remapped to the value instead. This may be required to work around path length limits " +
+                "on Windows."
+            ),
+            default = {},
+        ),
         **_COMMON_TAG_KWARGS
     ),
 )
diff --git a/rust/repositories.bzl b/rust/repositories.bzl
index 44a8293..761384c 100644
--- a/rust/repositories.bzl
+++ b/rust/repositories.bzl
@@ -119,7 +119,8 @@
         extra_rustc_flags = None,
         extra_exec_rustc_flags = None,
         urls = DEFAULT_STATIC_RUST_URL_TEMPLATES,
-        versions = _RUST_TOOLCHAIN_VERSIONS):
+        versions = _RUST_TOOLCHAIN_VERSIONS,
+        aliases = {}):
     """Emits a default set of toolchains for Linux, MacOS, and Freebsd
 
     Skip this macro and call the `rust_repository_set` macros directly if you need a compiler for \
@@ -151,8 +152,9 @@
         extra_rustc_flags (dict, list, optional): Dictionary of target triples to list of extra flags to pass to rustc in non-exec configuration.
         extra_exec_rustc_flags (list, optional): Extra flags to pass to rustc in exec configuration.
         urls (list, optional): A list of mirror urls containing the tools from the Rust-lang static file server. These must contain the '{}' used to substitute the tool being fetched (using .format).
-        versions (list, optional): A list of toolchain versions to download. This paramter only accepts one versions
+        versions (list, optional): A list of toolchain versions to download. This parameter only accepts one versions
             per channel. E.g. `["1.65.0", "nightly/2022-11-02", "beta/2020-12-30"]`.
+        aliases (dict, optional): A mapping of "full" repository name to another name to use instead.
     """
     if not rustfmt_version:
         if len(versions) == 1:
@@ -172,6 +174,10 @@
     if not rust_analyzer_version:
         rust_analyzer_version = select_rust_version(versions)
 
+    # Convert to an unfrozen dict to remove mappings as they are used. This will allow us to determine if there
+    # are any unused aliases requested.
+    aliases = dict(aliases)
+
     rust_analyzer_repo_name = "rust_analyzer_{}".format(rust_analyzer_version.replace("/", "-"))
 
     toolchain_names = []
@@ -218,9 +224,12 @@
             sha256s = sha256s,
             urls = urls,
             versions = versions,
+            aliases = aliases,
         )
 
         rustfmt_repo_name = "rustfmt_{}__{}".format(rustfmt_version.replace("/", "-"), exec_triple)
+        if rustfmt_repo_name in aliases:
+            rustfmt_repo_name = aliases.pop(rustfmt_repo_name)
 
         maybe(
             rustfmt_toolchain_repository,
@@ -236,7 +245,7 @@
                 rustfmt_repo_name,
             ))
 
-        for toolchain in _get_toolchain_repositories(name, exec_triple, extra_target_triples, versions, fallback_target_compatible_with = None):
+        for toolchain in _get_toolchain_repositories(name, exec_triple, extra_target_triples, versions, fallback_target_compatible_with = None, aliases = aliases):
             toolchain_names.append(toolchain.name)
             toolchain_labels[toolchain.name] = "@{}//:{}".format(toolchain.name + "_tools", "rust_toolchain")
             exec_compatible_with_by_toolchain[toolchain.name] = triple_to_constraint_set(exec_triple)
@@ -249,6 +258,9 @@
         target_compatible_with_by_toolchain[rustfmt_repo_name] = []
         toolchain_types[rustfmt_repo_name] = "@rules_rust//rust/rustfmt:toolchain_type"
 
+    if aliases:
+        fail("No repositories were created matching the requested names to alias:\n{}".format("\n".join(sorted(aliases))))
+
     toolchain_repository_hub(
         name = "rust_toolchains",
         toolchain_names = toolchain_names,
@@ -924,7 +936,7 @@
     implementation = _rust_toolchain_set_repository_impl,
 )
 
-def _get_toolchain_repositories(name, exec_triple, extra_target_triples, versions, fallback_target_compatible_with):
+def _get_toolchain_repositories(name, exec_triple, extra_target_triples, versions, fallback_target_compatible_with, aliases = {}):
     extra_target_triples_list = extra_target_triples.keys() if type(extra_target_triples) == "dict" else extra_target_triples
 
     toolchain_repos = []
@@ -955,8 +967,12 @@
 
         # Define toolchains for each requested version
         for channel in channels.values():
+            # Check if this toolchain is requested to be aliased.
+            full_name = "{}__{}__{}".format(name, target_triple, channel.name)
+            if full_name in aliases:
+                full_name = aliases.pop(full_name)
             toolchain_repos.append(struct(
-                name = "{}__{}__{}".format(name, target_triple, channel.name),
+                name = full_name,
                 target_triple = target_triple,
                 channel = channel,
                 target_constraints = target_constraints,
@@ -985,7 +1001,8 @@
         auth_patterns = None,
         register_toolchain = True,
         exec_compatible_with = None,
-        default_target_compatible_with = None):
+        default_target_compatible_with = None,
+        aliases = {}):
     """Assembles a remote repository for the given toolchain params, produces a proxy repository \
     to contain the toolchain declaration, and registers the toolchains.
 
@@ -1021,10 +1038,11 @@
         register_toolchain (bool): If True, the generated `rust_toolchain` target will become a registered toolchain.
         exec_compatible_with (list, optional): A list of constraints for the execution platform for this toolchain.
         default_target_compatible_with (list, optional): A list of constraints for the target platform for this toolchain when the exec platform is the same as the target platform.
+        aliases (dict): Replacement names to use for toolchains created by this macro.
     """
 
     all_toolchain_names = []
-    for toolchain in _get_toolchain_repositories(name, exec_triple, extra_target_triples, versions, default_target_compatible_with):
+    for toolchain in _get_toolchain_repositories(name, exec_triple, extra_target_triples, versions, default_target_compatible_with, aliases):
         # Infer toolchain-specific rustc flags depending on the type (list, dict, optional) of extra_rustc_flags
         if extra_rustc_flags == None:
             toolchain_extra_rustc_flags = []
diff --git a/test/aliased_toolchains/MODULE.bazel b/test/aliased_toolchains/MODULE.bazel
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb12d7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/aliased_toolchains/MODULE.bazel
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+module(name = "aliased_toolchains")
+
+bazel_dep(name = "rules_rust", version = "0.0.0")
+local_path_override(
+    module_name = "rules_rust",
+    path = "../..",
+)
+
+rust = use_extension("@rules_rust//rust:extensions.bzl", "rust")
+rust.toolchain(
+    aliases = {
+        "rust_linux_x86_64__x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu__stable": "rust_linux",
+        "rustfmt_nightly-2024-10-17__x86_64-pc-windows-msvc": "rustfmt_win",
+    },
+    edition = "2021",
+    rustfmt_version = "nightly/2024-10-17",
+)
+
+# Ensure the repos can be used directly and via the hub.
+use_repo(rust, "rust_linux", "rust_toolchains", "rustfmt_win")
+
+register_toolchains("@rust_toolchains//:rust_linux", "@rust_toolchains//:rustfmt_win")