Last updated: January 2021.
Summary: We'll be redesigning how Stardoc works, and deprioritizing feature requests and minor bugs until that work is complete (targeting 2021 Q2).
Stardoc is currently the recommended tool for generating documentation of Starlark rules. It replaces Skydoc, the previous tool, which worked by evaluating .bzl files in a Python interpreter, using fake versions of functions from Bazel's Build Language.
Mocking is an inherently problematic approach for two reasons:
It creates a maintenance burden for the tool maintainer (us). We have to ensure that the mocked definitions stay up-to-date as Bazel changes. These include not just rule() and provider(), but also a number of other symbols that don't directly affect documentation but still require stubs.
It puts a constraint on the user: All of their documented .bzl files, as well as all of the .bzl dependencies they transitively load, must be compatible with the mock evaluation. This means users must be vigilant about writing Starlark code that lies in the intersection of what is understood as valid by Bazel and by Stardoc.
The Python-based Skydoc experienced an extreme version of this problem because it didn‘t even treat .bzl files as being written in the Starlark language. However, the Java-based Stardoc still uses mocking -- not of the Starlark language, but of Bazel’s Build Language functions.
In addition, Stardoc's mocking approach tightly integrates it with Bazel. Indeed much of its source code lives inside the bazelbuild/bazel repository. This makes refactoring and evolving the Bazel source code more difficult.
While the Starlark language has a specification and several implementations, the Build Language is more complicated and has only one accurate implementation: Bazel. Any tooling that operates on BUILD and .bzl files must carefully consider whether it is feasible to ask Bazel for the authoritative information. The alternative, falling back on simulation, not only produces less accurate results, but ties our hands as we try to improve Bazel.
We will rewrite the part of Stardoc that extracts documentation information from .bzl files, so that instead of using mocking to pseudo-evaluate individual .bzl files, it performs a real Bazel evaluation of the workspace. Think of how bazel query is used to dump out information from Bazel‘s loading phase about the target dependency graph. Now imagine that it’s extended to also dump out the rules and providers declared in the .bzl files used by a build, and that this dump also includes their docstrings.
This approach intersects other work we are doing to simplify and better specify Bazel's loading phase, so that users have access to all sorts of information that was previously not readily available.
Note that this new internal approach does not necessarily have to mean the user‘s workflow changes. You could still write a target in your BUILD file to say exactly what content you want documented and how you’d like it formatted. The rendering logic may very well continue to live outside of Bazel, in the bazelbuild/stardoc repository.
We're aiming to explore this design in more concrete detail in 2021 Q1, and implement it in Q2.
In the meantime, we will not be focusing on improvements to the current implementation of Stardoc, even the formatting parts which might remain the same. We still commit to keeping Stardoc working for its existing essential use cases.