Merge pull request #3993 from pgroke-dt:work-around-GCC-11-ADL-bug

PiperOrigin-RevId: 523706897
Change-Id: If6dcc97c81a20f8fe675241518ae1d6cf23ebf39
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/00-bug_report.md b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/00-bug_report.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 0f7e8b5..0000000
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/00-bug_report.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Bug report
-about: Create a report to help us improve
-title: ''
-labels: 'bug'
-assignees: ''
----
-
-**Describe the bug**
-
-Include a clear and concise description of what the problem is, including what
-you expected to happen, and what actually happened.
-
-**Steps to reproduce the bug**
-
-It's important that we are able to reproduce the problem that you are
-experiencing. Please provide all code and relevant steps to reproduce the
-problem, including your `BUILD`/`CMakeLists.txt` file and build commands. Links
-to a GitHub branch or [godbolt.org](https://godbolt.org/) that demonstrate the
-problem are also helpful.
-
-**Does the bug persist in the most recent commit?**
-
-We recommend using the latest commit in the master branch in your projects.
-
-**What operating system and version are you using?**
-
-If you are using a Linux distribution please include the name and version of the
-distribution as well.
-
-**What compiler and version are you using?**
-
-Please include the output of `gcc -v` or `clang -v`, or the equivalent for your
-compiler.
-
-**What build system are you using?**
-
-Please include the output of `bazel --version` or `cmake --version`, or the
-equivalent for your build system.
-
-**Additional context**
-
-Add any other context about the problem here.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/00-bug_report.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/00-bug_report.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..586779a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/00-bug_report.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+name: Bug Report
+description: Let us know that something does not work as expected.
+title: "[Bug]: Please title this bug report"
+body:
+  - type: textarea
+    id: what-happened
+    attributes:
+      label: Describe the issue
+      description: What happened, and what did you expect to happen?
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: steps
+    attributes:
+      label: Steps to reproduce the problem
+      description: It is important that we are able to reproduce the problem that you are experiencing. Please provide all code and relevant steps to reproduce the problem, including your `BUILD`/`CMakeLists.txt` file and build commands. Links to a GitHub branch or [godbolt.org](https://godbolt.org/) that demonstrate the problem are also helpful.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: version
+    attributes:
+      label: What version of GoogleTest are you using?
+      description: Please include the output of `git rev-parse HEAD` or the GoogleTest release version number that you are using.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: os
+    attributes:
+      label: What operating system and version are you using?
+      description: If you are using a Linux distribution please include the name and version of the distribution as well.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: compiler
+    attributes:
+      label: What compiler and version are you using?
+      description: Please include the output of `gcc -v` or `clang -v`, or the equivalent for your compiler.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: buildsystem
+    attributes:
+      label: What build system are you using?
+      description: Please include the output of `bazel --version` or `cmake --version`, or the equivalent for your build system.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: additional
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional context
+      description: Add any other context about the problem here.
+    validations:
+      required: false
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/10-feature_request.md b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/10-feature_request.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 70a3a20..0000000
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/10-feature_request.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Feature request
-about: Propose a new feature
-title: ''
-labels: 'enhancement'
-assignees: ''
----
-
-**Does the feature exist in the most recent commit?**
-
-We recommend using the latest commit from GitHub in your projects.
-
-**Why do we need this feature?**
-
-Ideally, explain why a combination of existing features cannot be used instead.
-
-**Describe the proposal**
-
-Include a detailed description of the feature, with usage examples.
-
-**Is the feature specific to an operating system, compiler, or build system version?**
-
-If it is, please specify which versions.
-
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/10-feature_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/10-feature_request.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3bbc09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/10-feature_request.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+name: Feature request
+description: Propose a new feature.
+title: "[FR]: Please title this feature request"
+labels: "enhancement"
+body:
+  - type: textarea
+    id: version
+    attributes:
+      label: Does the feature exist in the most recent commit?
+      description: We recommend using the latest commit from GitHub in your projects.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: why
+    attributes:
+      label: Why do we need this feature?
+      description: Ideally, explain why a combination of existing features cannot be used instead.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: proposal
+    attributes:
+      label: Describe the proposal.
+      description: Include a detailed description of the feature, with usage examples.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: platform
+    attributes:
+      label: Is the feature specific to an operating system, compiler, or build system version?
+      description: If it is, please specify which versions.
+    validations:
+      required: true
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
index 3ba13e0..65170d1 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
@@ -1 +1,5 @@
 blank_issues_enabled: false
+contact_links:
+    - name: Get Help
+      url: https://github.com/google/googletest/discussions
+      about: Please ask and answer questions here.
diff --git a/.github/workflows/gtest-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/gtest-ci.yml
index b2dcab4..03a8cc5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/gtest-ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/gtest-ci.yml
@@ -12,18 +12,18 @@
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
 
     - name: Tests
       run: bazel test --cxxopt=-std=c++14 --features=external_include_paths --test_output=errors ...
 
-  MacOs:
+  macOS:
     runs-on: macos-latest
     steps:
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
 
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
 
     - name: Tests
-      run: bazel test --cxxopt=-std=c++14 --features=external_include_paths --test_output=errors ...
+      run: bazel test --cxxopt=/std:c++14 --features=external_include_paths --test_output=errors ...
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 725d670..6af4143 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 endif (POLICY CMP0077)
 
 project(googletest-distribution)
-set(GOOGLETEST_VERSION 1.12.1)
+set(GOOGLETEST_VERSION 1.13.0)
 
 if(NOT CYGWIN AND NOT MSYS AND NOT ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} STREQUAL QNX)
   set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #Note that googlemock target already builds googletest
 option(BUILD_GMOCK "Builds the googlemock subproject" ON)
 option(INSTALL_GTEST "Enable installation of googletest. (Projects embedding googletest may want to turn this OFF.)" ON)
+option(GTEST_HAS_ABSL "Use Abseil and RE2. Requires Abseil and RE2 to be separately added to the build." OFF)
 
 if(BUILD_GMOCK)
   add_subdirectory( googlemock )
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index de14c81..8bed14b 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
 If you plan to contribute a patch, you need to build Google Test, Google Mock,
 and their own tests from a git checkout, which has further requirements:
 
-*   [Python](https://www.python.org/) v2.3 or newer (for running some of the
+*   [Python](https://www.python.org/) v3.6 or newer (for running some of the
     tests and re-generating certain source files from templates)
 *   [CMake](https://cmake.org/) v2.8.12 or newer
 
@@ -102,30 +102,40 @@
 functionality, you'll want to compile and run Google Test and GoogleMock's own
 tests. For that you can use CMake:
 
-    mkdir mybuild
-    cd mybuild
-    cmake -Dgtest_build_tests=ON -Dgmock_build_tests=ON ${GTEST_REPO_DIR}
+```
+mkdir mybuild
+cd mybuild
+cmake -Dgtest_build_tests=ON -Dgmock_build_tests=ON ${GTEST_REPO_DIR}
+```
 
 To choose between building only Google Test or Google Mock, you may modify your
 cmake command to be one of each
 
-    cmake -Dgtest_build_tests=ON ${GTEST_DIR} # sets up Google Test tests
-    cmake -Dgmock_build_tests=ON ${GMOCK_DIR} # sets up Google Mock tests
+```
+cmake -Dgtest_build_tests=ON ${GTEST_DIR} # sets up Google Test tests
+cmake -Dgmock_build_tests=ON ${GMOCK_DIR} # sets up Google Mock tests
+```
 
 Make sure you have Python installed, as some of Google Test's tests are written
 in Python. If the cmake command complains about not being able to find Python
 (`Could NOT find PythonInterp (missing: PYTHON_EXECUTABLE)`), try telling it
 explicitly where your Python executable can be found:
 
-    cmake -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=path/to/python ...
+```
+cmake -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=path/to/python ...
+```
 
 Next, you can build Google Test and / or Google Mock and all desired tests. On
 \*nix, this is usually done by
 
-    make
+```
+make
+```
 
 To run the tests, do
 
-    make test
+```
+make test
+```
 
 All tests should pass.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index cd89abb..23eb502 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -15,13 +15,19 @@
 https://google.github.io/googletest/. We recommend browsing the documentation on
 GitHub Pages rather than directly in the repository.
 
-#### Release 1.12.1
+#### Release 1.13.0
 
-[Release 1.12.1](https://github.com/google/googletest/releases/tag/release-1.12.1)
-is now available.
+[Release 1.13.0](https://github.com/google/googletest/releases/tag/v1.13.0) is
+now available.
 
-The 1.12.x branch will be the last to support C++11. Future releases will
-require at least C++14.
+The 1.13.x branch requires at least C++14.
+
+#### Continuous Integration
+
+We use Google's internal systems for continuous integration. \
+GitHub Actions were added for the convenience of open source contributors. They
+are exclusively maintained by the open source community and not used by the
+GoogleTest team.
 
 #### Coming Soon
 
diff --git a/WORKSPACE b/WORKSPACE
index 4d7b398..1c8ea24 100644
--- a/WORKSPACE
+++ b/WORKSPACE
@@ -1,39 +1,27 @@
 workspace(name = "com_google_googletest")
 
+load("//:googletest_deps.bzl", "googletest_deps")
+googletest_deps()
+
 load("@bazel_tools//tools/build_defs/repo:http.bzl", "http_archive")
 
 http_archive(
-    name = "com_google_absl",
-    sha256 = "1a1745b5ee81392f5ea4371a4ca41e55d446eeaee122903b2eaffbd8a3b67a2b",
-    strip_prefix = "abseil-cpp-01cc6567cff77738e416a7ddc17de2d435a780ce",
-    urls = ["https://github.com/abseil/abseil-cpp/archive/01cc6567cff77738e416a7ddc17de2d435a780ce.zip"],  # 2022-06-21T19:28:27Z
-)
-
-# Note this must use a commit from the `abseil` branch of the RE2 project.
-# https://github.com/google/re2/tree/abseil
-http_archive(
-    name = "com_googlesource_code_re2",
-    sha256 = "0a890c2aa0bb05b2ce906a15efb520d0f5ad4c7d37b8db959c43772802991887",
-    strip_prefix = "re2-a427f10b9fb4622dd6d8643032600aa1b50fbd12",
-    urls = ["https://github.com/google/re2/archive/a427f10b9fb4622dd6d8643032600aa1b50fbd12.zip"],  # 2022-06-09
+    name = "rules_python",  # 2023-01-10T22:00:51Z
+    sha256 = "5de54486a60ad8948dabe49605bb1c08053e04001a431ab3e96745b4d97a4419",
+    strip_prefix = "rules_python-70cce26432187a60b4e950118791385e6fb3c26f",
+    urls = ["https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_python/archive/70cce26432187a60b4e950118791385e6fb3c26f.zip"],
 )
 
 http_archive(
-    name = "rules_python",
-    sha256 = "0b460f17771258341528753b1679335b629d1d25e3af28eda47d009c103a6e15",
-    strip_prefix = "rules_python-aef17ad72919d184e5edb7abf61509eb78e57eda",
-    urls = ["https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_python/archive/aef17ad72919d184e5edb7abf61509eb78e57eda.zip"],  # 2022-06-21T23:44:47Z
+    name = "bazel_skylib",  # 2022-11-16T18:29:32Z
+    sha256 = "a22290c26d29d3ecca286466f7f295ac6cbe32c0a9da3a91176a90e0725e3649",
+    strip_prefix = "bazel-skylib-5bfcb1a684550626ce138fe0fe8f5f702b3764c3",
+    urls = ["https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-skylib/archive/5bfcb1a684550626ce138fe0fe8f5f702b3764c3.zip"],
 )
 
 http_archive(
-    name = "bazel_skylib",
-    urls = ["https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-skylib/releases/download/1.2.1/bazel-skylib-1.2.1.tar.gz"],
-    sha256 = "f7be3474d42aae265405a592bb7da8e171919d74c16f082a5457840f06054728",
-)
-
-http_archive(
-    name = "platforms",
-    sha256 = "a879ea428c6d56ab0ec18224f976515948822451473a80d06c2e50af0bbe5121",
-    strip_prefix = "platforms-da5541f26b7de1dc8e04c075c99df5351742a4a2",
-    urls = ["https://github.com/bazelbuild/platforms/archive/da5541f26b7de1dc8e04c075c99df5351742a4a2.zip"],  # 2022-05-27
+    name = "platforms",  # 2022-11-09T19:18:22Z
+    sha256 = "b4a3b45dc4202e2b3e34e3bc49d2b5b37295fc23ea58d88fb9e01f3642ad9b55",
+    strip_prefix = "platforms-3fbc687756043fb58a407c2ea8c944bc2fe1d922",
+    urls = ["https://github.com/bazelbuild/platforms/archive/3fbc687756043fb58a407c2ea8c944bc2fe1d922.zip"],
 )
diff --git a/ci/linux-presubmit.sh b/ci/linux-presubmit.sh
index 4eb5bbe..6bac887 100644
--- a/ci/linux-presubmit.sh
+++ b/ci/linux-presubmit.sh
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
 
 set -euox pipefail
 
-readonly LINUX_LATEST_CONTAINER="gcr.io/google.com/absl-177019/linux_hybrid-latest:20220217"
-readonly LINUX_GCC_FLOOR_CONTAINER="gcr.io/google.com/absl-177019/linux_gcc-floor:20220621"
+readonly LINUX_LATEST_CONTAINER="gcr.io/google.com/absl-177019/linux_hybrid-latest:20230217"
+readonly LINUX_GCC_FLOOR_CONTAINER="gcr.io/google.com/absl-177019/linux_gcc-floor:20230120"
 
 if [[ -z ${GTEST_ROOT:-} ]]; then
   GTEST_ROOT="$(realpath $(dirname ${0})/..)"
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
       --workdir="/build" \
       --rm \
       --env="CC=${cc}" \
-      --env="CXX_FLAGS=\"-Werror -Wdeprecated\"" \
+      --env=CXXFLAGS="-Werror -Wdeprecated" \
       ${LINUX_LATEST_CONTAINER} \
       /bin/bash -c "
         cmake /src \
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@
       --copt="-Wall" \
       --copt="-Werror" \
       --copt="-Wuninitialized" \
+      --copt="-Wundef" \
       --copt="-Wno-error=pragmas" \
       --distdir="/bazel-distdir" \
       --features=external_include_paths \
@@ -99,6 +100,7 @@
         --copt="-Wall" \
         --copt="-Werror" \
         --copt="-Wuninitialized" \
+        --copt="-Wundef" \
         --define="absl=${absl}" \
         --distdir="/bazel-distdir" \
         --features=external_include_paths \
@@ -123,6 +125,7 @@
         --copt="-Wall" \
         --copt="-Werror" \
         --copt="-Wuninitialized" \
+        --copt="-Wundef" \
         --define="absl=${absl}" \
         --distdir="/bazel-distdir" \
         --features=external_include_paths \
diff --git a/ci/macos-presubmit.sh b/ci/macos-presubmit.sh
index 8f35df5..681ebc2 100644
--- a/ci/macos-presubmit.sh
+++ b/ci/macos-presubmit.sh
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@
   ${BAZEL_BIN} test ... \
     --copt="-Wall" \
     --copt="-Werror" \
+    --copt="-Wundef" \
     --cxxopt="-std=c++14" \
     --define="absl=${absl}" \
     --features=external_include_paths \
diff --git a/ci/windows-presubmit.bat b/ci/windows-presubmit.bat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48962eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/windows-presubmit.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+SETLOCAL ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION
+
+SET BAZEL_EXE=%KOKORO_GFILE_DIR%\bazel-5.1.1-windows-x86_64.exe
+
+SET PATH=C:\Python34;%PATH%
+SET BAZEL_PYTHON=C:\python34\python.exe
+SET BAZEL_SH=C:\tools\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe
+SET CMAKE_BIN="cmake.exe"
+SET CTEST_BIN="ctest.exe"
+SET CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1
+SET CMAKE_BUILD_PARALLEL_LEVEL=16
+SET CTEST_PARALLEL_LEVEL=16
+
+IF EXIST git\googletest (
+  CD git\googletest
+) ELSE IF EXIST github\googletest (
+  CD github\googletest
+)
+
+IF %errorlevel% neq 0 EXIT /B 1
+
+:: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+:: CMake
+MKDIR cmake_msvc2022
+CD cmake_msvc2022
+
+%CMAKE_BIN% .. ^
+  -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" ^
+  -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE:FILEPATH=c:\python37\python.exe ^
+  -DPYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR:PATH=c:\python37\include ^
+  -DPYTHON_LIBRARY:FILEPATH=c:\python37\lib\site-packages\pip ^
+  -Dgtest_build_samples=ON ^
+  -Dgtest_build_tests=ON ^
+  -Dgmock_build_tests=ON
+IF %errorlevel% neq 0 EXIT /B 1
+
+%CMAKE_BIN% --build . --target ALL_BUILD --config Debug -- -maxcpucount
+IF %errorlevel% neq 0 EXIT /B 1
+
+%CTEST_BIN% -C Debug --timeout 600
+IF %errorlevel% neq 0 EXIT /B 1
+
+CD ..
+RMDIR /S /Q cmake_msvc2022
+
+:: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+:: Bazel
+
+SET BAZEL_VS=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community
+%BAZEL_EXE% test ... ^
+  --compilation_mode=dbg ^
+  --copt=/std:c++14 ^
+  --copt=/WX ^
+  --features=external_include_paths ^
+  --keep_going ^
+  --test_output=errors ^
+  --test_tag_filters=-no_test_msvc2017
+IF %errorlevel% neq 0 EXIT /B 1
diff --git a/docs/advanced.md b/docs/advanced.md
index bce983c..3871db1 100644
--- a/docs/advanced.md
+++ b/docs/advanced.md
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-# Advanced googletest Topics
+# Advanced GoogleTest Topics
 
 ## Introduction
 
-Now that you have read the [googletest Primer](primer.md) and learned how to
-write tests using googletest, it's time to learn some new tricks. This document
+Now that you have read the [GoogleTest Primer](primer.md) and learned how to
+write tests using GoogleTest, it's time to learn some new tricks. This document
 will show you more assertions as well as how to construct complex failure
 messages, propagate fatal failures, reuse and speed up your test fixtures, and
 use various flags with your tests.
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
 ### Predicate Assertions for Better Error Messages
 
-Even though googletest has a rich set of assertions, they can never be complete,
+Even though GoogleTest has a rich set of assertions, they can never be complete,
 as it's impossible (nor a good idea) to anticipate all scenarios a user might
 run into. Therefore, sometimes a user has to use `EXPECT_TRUE()` to check a
 complex expression, for lack of a better macro. This has the problem of not
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 is awkward especially when the expression has side-effects or is expensive to
 evaluate.
 
-googletest gives you three different options to solve this problem:
+GoogleTest gives you three different options to solve this problem:
 
 #### Using an Existing Boolean Function
 
@@ -304,9 +304,9 @@
 
 As with assertion macros, you can stream a custom message into `GTEST_SKIP()`.
 
-## Teaching googletest How to Print Your Values
+## Teaching GoogleTest How to Print Your Values
 
-When a test assertion such as `EXPECT_EQ` fails, googletest prints the argument
+When a test assertion such as `EXPECT_EQ` fails, GoogleTest prints the argument
 values to help you debug. It does this using a user-extensible value printer.
 
 This printer knows how to print built-in C++ types, native arrays, STL
@@ -315,73 +315,96 @@
 
 As mentioned earlier, the printer is *extensible*. That means you can teach it
 to do a better job at printing your particular type than to dump the bytes. To
-do that, define `<<` for your type:
+do that, define an `AbslStringify()` overload as a `friend` function template
+for your type:
 
-```c++
-#include <ostream>
-
+```cpp
 namespace foo {
 
-class Bar {  // We want googletest to be able to print instances of this.
-...
-  // Create a free inline friend function.
-  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Bar& bar) {
-    return os << bar.DebugString();  // whatever needed to print bar to os
+class Point {  // We want GoogleTest to be able to print instances of this.
+  ...
+  // Provide a friend overload.
+  template <typename Sink>
+  friend void AbslStringify(Sink& sink, const Point& point) {
+    absl::Format(&sink, "(%d, %d)", point.x, point.y);
   }
+
+  int x;
+  int y;
 };
 
 // If you can't declare the function in the class it's important that the
-// << operator is defined in the SAME namespace that defines Bar.  C++'s look-up
-// rules rely on that.
-std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Bar& bar) {
-  return os << bar.DebugString();  // whatever needed to print bar to os
+// AbslStringify overload is defined in the SAME namespace that defines Point.
+// C++'s look-up rules rely on that.
+enum class EnumWithStringify { kMany = 0, kChoices = 1 };
+
+template <typename Sink>
+void AbslStringify(Sink& sink, EnumWithStringify e) {
+  absl::Format(&sink, "%s", e == EnumWithStringify::kMany ? "Many" : "Choices");
 }
 
 }  // namespace foo
 ```
 
-Sometimes, this might not be an option: your team may consider it bad style to
-have a `<<` operator for `Bar`, or `Bar` may already have a `<<` operator that
-doesn't do what you want (and you cannot change it). If so, you can instead
-define a `PrintTo()` function like this:
+{: .callout .note}
+Note: `AbslStringify()` utilizes a generic "sink" buffer to construct its
+string. For more information about supported operations on `AbslStringify()`'s
+sink, see go/abslstringify.
+
+`AbslStringify()` can also use `absl::StrFormat`'s catch-all `%v` type specifier
+within its own format strings to perform type deduction. `Point` above could be
+formatted as `"(%v, %v)"` for example, and deduce the `int` values as `%d`.
+
+Sometimes, `AbslStringify()` might not be an option: your team may wish to print
+types with extra debugging information for testing purposes only. If so, you can
+instead define a `PrintTo()` function like this:
 
 ```c++
 #include <ostream>
 
 namespace foo {
 
-class Bar {
+class Point {
   ...
-  friend void PrintTo(const Bar& bar, std::ostream* os) {
-    *os << bar.DebugString();  // whatever needed to print bar to os
+  friend void PrintTo(const Point& point, std::ostream* os) {
+    *os << "(" << point.x << "," << point.y << ")";
   }
+
+  int x;
+  int y;
 };
 
 // If you can't declare the function in the class it's important that PrintTo()
-// is defined in the SAME namespace that defines Bar.  C++'s look-up rules rely
-// on that.
-void PrintTo(const Bar& bar, std::ostream* os) {
-  *os << bar.DebugString();  // whatever needed to print bar to os
+// is defined in the SAME namespace that defines Point.  C++'s look-up rules
+// rely on that.
+void PrintTo(const Point& point, std::ostream* os) {
+    *os << "(" << point.x << "," << point.y << ")";
 }
 
 }  // namespace foo
 ```
 
-If you have defined both `<<` and `PrintTo()`, the latter will be used when
-googletest is concerned. This allows you to customize how the value appears in
-googletest's output without affecting code that relies on the behavior of its
-`<<` operator.
+If you have defined both `AbslStringify()` and `PrintTo()`, the latter will be
+used by GoogleTest. This allows you to customize how the value appears in
+GoogleTest's output without affecting code that relies on the behavior of
+`AbslStringify()`.
 
-If you want to print a value `x` using googletest's value printer yourself, just
+If you have an existing `<<` operator and would like to define an
+`AbslStringify()`, the latter will be used for GoogleTest printing.
+
+If you want to print a value `x` using GoogleTest's value printer yourself, just
 call `::testing::PrintToString(x)`, which returns an `std::string`:
 
 ```c++
-vector<pair<Bar, int> > bar_ints = GetBarIntVector();
+vector<pair<Point, int> > point_ints = GetPointIntVector();
 
-EXPECT_TRUE(IsCorrectBarIntVector(bar_ints))
-    << "bar_ints = " << testing::PrintToString(bar_ints);
+EXPECT_TRUE(IsCorrectPointIntVector(point_ints))
+    << "point_ints = " << testing::PrintToString(point_ints);
 ```
 
+For more details regarding `AbslStringify()` and its integration with other
+libraries, see go/abslstringify.
+
 ## Death Tests
 
 In many applications, there are assertions that can cause application failure if
@@ -451,7 +474,7 @@
 3.  does the stderr output match `matcher`?
 
 In particular, if `statement` generates an `ASSERT_*` or `EXPECT_*` failure, it
-will **not** cause the death test to fail, as googletest assertions don't abort
+will **not** cause the death test to fail, as GoogleTest assertions don't abort
 the process.
 
 ### Death Test Naming
@@ -482,14 +505,14 @@
 
 ### Regular Expression Syntax
 
-When built with Bazel and using Abseil, googletest uses the
+When built with Bazel and using Abseil, GoogleTest uses the
 [RE2](https://github.com/google/re2/wiki/Syntax) syntax. Otherwise, for POSIX
-systems (Linux, Cygwin, Mac), googletest uses the
+systems (Linux, Cygwin, Mac), GoogleTest uses the
 [POSIX extended regular expression](http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap09.html#tag_09_04)
 syntax. To learn about POSIX syntax, you may want to read this
-[Wikipedia entry](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression#POSIX_Extended_Regular_Expressions).
+[Wikipedia entry](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression#POSIX_extended).
 
-On Windows, googletest uses its own simple regular expression implementation. It
+On Windows, GoogleTest uses its own simple regular expression implementation. It
 lacks many features. For example, we don't support union (`"x|y"`), grouping
 (`"(xy)"`), brackets (`"[xy]"`), and repetition count (`"x{5,7}"`), among
 others. Below is what we do support (`A` denotes a literal character, period
@@ -519,7 +542,7 @@
 `$`        | matches the end of a string (not that of each line)
 `xy`       | matches `x` followed by `y`
 
-To help you determine which capability is available on your system, googletest
+To help you determine which capability is available on your system, GoogleTest
 defines macros to govern which regular expression it is using. The macros are:
 `GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE=1` or `GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE=1`. If you want your death
 tests to work in all cases, you can either `#if` on these macros or use the more
@@ -539,7 +562,7 @@
 may start threads before main is ever reached. Once threads have been created,
 it may be difficult or impossible to clean them up.
 
-googletest has three features intended to raise awareness of threading issues.
+GoogleTest has three features intended to raise awareness of threading issues.
 
 1.  A warning is emitted if multiple threads are running when a death test is
     encountered.
@@ -562,7 +585,7 @@
 particular style of death tests by setting the flag programmatically:
 
 ```c++
-GTEST_FLAG_SET(death_test_style, "threadsafe")
+GTEST_FLAG_SET(death_test_style, "threadsafe");
 ```
 
 You can do this in `main()` to set the style for all death tests in the binary,
@@ -592,7 +615,7 @@
 
 The `statement` argument of `ASSERT_EXIT()` can be any valid C++ statement. If
 it leaves the current function via a `return` statement or by throwing an
-exception, the death test is considered to have failed. Some googletest macros
+exception, the death test is considered to have failed. Some GoogleTest macros
 may return from the current function (e.g. `ASSERT_TRUE()`), so be sure to avoid
 them in `statement`.
 
@@ -726,7 +749,7 @@
 }
 ```
 
-To alleviate this, googletest provides three different solutions. You could use
+To alleviate this, GoogleTest provides three different solutions. You could use
 either exceptions, the `(ASSERT|EXPECT)_NO_FATAL_FAILURE` assertions or the
 `HasFatalFailure()` function. They are described in the following two
 subsections.
@@ -760,7 +783,7 @@
 you want.
 
 Often people want fatal failures to propagate like exceptions. For that
-googletest offers the following macros:
+GoogleTest offers the following macros:
 
 Fatal assertion                       | Nonfatal assertion                    | Verifies
 ------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | --------
@@ -852,7 +875,7 @@
 >     needs to be prefixed with `::testing::Test::` if used outside of the
 >     `TEST` body and the test fixture class.
 > *   *`key`* must be a valid XML attribute name, and cannot conflict with the
->     ones already used by googletest (`name`, `status`, `time`, `classname`,
+>     ones already used by GoogleTest (`name`, `status`, `time`, `classname`,
 >     `type_param`, and `value_param`).
 > *   Calling `RecordProperty()` outside of the lifespan of a test is allowed.
 >     If it's called outside of a test but between a test suite's
@@ -863,13 +886,13 @@
 
 ## Sharing Resources Between Tests in the Same Test Suite
 
-googletest creates a new test fixture object for each test in order to make
+GoogleTest creates a new test fixture object for each test in order to make
 tests independent and easier to debug. However, sometimes tests use resources
 that are expensive to set up, making the one-copy-per-test model prohibitively
 expensive.
 
 If the tests don't change the resource, there's no harm in their sharing a
-single resource copy. So, in addition to per-test set-up/tear-down, googletest
+single resource copy. So, in addition to per-test set-up/tear-down, GoogleTest
 also supports per-test-suite set-up/tear-down. To use it:
 
 1.  In your test fixture class (say `FooTest` ), declare as `static` some member
@@ -881,7 +904,7 @@
     `u`!) to set up the shared resources and a `static void TearDownTestSuite()`
     function to tear them down.
 
-That's it! googletest automatically calls `SetUpTestSuite()` before running the
+That's it! GoogleTest automatically calls `SetUpTestSuite()` before running the
 *first test* in the `FooTest` test suite (i.e. before creating the first
 `FooTest` object), and calls `TearDownTestSuite()` after running the *last test*
 in it (i.e. after deleting the last `FooTest` object). In between, the tests can
@@ -896,7 +919,8 @@
 class that has derived classes, so you should not expect code in the function
 body to be run only once. Also, derived classes still have access to shared
 resources defined as static members, so careful consideration is needed when
-managing shared resources to avoid memory leaks.
+managing shared resources to avoid memory leaks if shared resources are not
+properly cleaned up in `TearDownTestSuite()`.
 
 Here's an example of per-test-suite set-up and tear-down:
 
@@ -907,10 +931,15 @@
   // Called before the first test in this test suite.
   // Can be omitted if not needed.
   static void SetUpTestSuite() {
-    // Avoid reallocating static objects if called in subclasses of FooTest.
-    if (shared_resource_ == nullptr) {
-      shared_resource_ = new ...;
-    }
+    shared_resource_ = new ...;
+
+    // If `shared_resource_` is **not deleted** in `TearDownTestSuite()`,
+    // reallocation should be prevented because `SetUpTestSuite()` may be called
+    // in subclasses of FooTest and lead to memory leak.
+    //
+    // if (shared_resource_ == nullptr) {
+    //   shared_resource_ = new ...;
+    // }
   }
 
   // Per-test-suite tear-down.
@@ -968,7 +997,7 @@
 };
 ```
 
-Then, you register an instance of your environment class with googletest by
+Then, you register an instance of your environment class with GoogleTest by
 calling the `::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment()` function:
 
 ```c++
@@ -985,7 +1014,7 @@
 will be called in the order they are registered, and their `TearDown()` will be
 called in the reverse order.
 
-Note that googletest takes ownership of the registered environment objects.
+Note that GoogleTest takes ownership of the registered environment objects.
 Therefore **do not delete them** by yourself.
 
 You should call `AddGlobalTestEnvironment()` before `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` is called,
@@ -1037,7 +1066,7 @@
 
 ```c++
 class FooTest :
-    public testing::TestWithParam<const char*> {
+    public testing::TestWithParam<absl::string_view> {
   // You can implement all the usual fixture class members here.
   // To access the test parameter, call GetParam() from class
   // TestWithParam<T>.
@@ -1048,7 +1077,7 @@
   ...
 };
 class BarTest : public BaseTest,
-                public testing::WithParamInterface<const char*> {
+                public testing::WithParamInterface<absl::string_view> {
   ...
 };
 ```
@@ -1095,6 +1124,11 @@
 pattern, and the last is the
 [parameter generator](reference/testing.md#param-generators).
 
+The parameter generator expression is not evaluated until GoogleTest is
+initialized (via `InitGoogleTest()`). Any prior initialization done in the
+`main` function will be accessible from the parameter generator, for example,
+the results of flag parsing.
+
 You can instantiate a test pattern more than once, so to distinguish different
 instances of the pattern, the instantiation name is added as a prefix to the
 actual test suite name. Remember to pick unique prefixes for different
@@ -1114,8 +1148,8 @@
 [`ValuesIn`](reference/testing.md#param-generators) parameter generator:
 
 ```c++
-const char* pets[] = {"cat", "dog"};
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(Pets, FooTest, testing::ValuesIn(pets));
+constexpr absl::string_view kPets[] = {"cat", "dog"};
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(Pets, FooTest, testing::ValuesIn(kPets));
 ```
 
 The tests from the instantiation above will have these names:
@@ -1490,12 +1524,12 @@
 
 ## "Catching" Failures
 
-If you are building a testing utility on top of googletest, you'll want to test
-your utility. What framework would you use to test it? googletest, of course.
+If you are building a testing utility on top of GoogleTest, you'll want to test
+your utility. What framework would you use to test it? GoogleTest, of course.
 
 The challenge is to verify that your testing utility reports failures correctly.
 In frameworks that report a failure by throwing an exception, you could catch
-the exception and assert on it. But googletest doesn't use exceptions, so how do
+the exception and assert on it. But GoogleTest doesn't use exceptions, so how do
 we test that a piece of code generates an expected failure?
 
 `"gtest/gtest-spi.h"` contains some constructs to do this.
@@ -1638,9 +1672,9 @@
 `TearDownTestSuite()` (where you know the test suite name implicitly), or
 functions called from them.
 
-## Extending googletest by Handling Test Events
+## Extending GoogleTest by Handling Test Events
 
-googletest provides an **event listener API** to let you receive notifications
+GoogleTest provides an **event listener API** to let you receive notifications
 about the progress of a test program and test failures. The events you can
 listen to include the start and end of the test program, a test suite, or a test
 method, among others. You may use this API to augment or replace the standard
@@ -1701,7 +1735,7 @@
 ### Using Event Listeners
 
 To use the event listener you have defined, add an instance of it to the
-googletest event listener list (represented by class
+GoogleTest event listener list (represented by class
 [`TestEventListeners`](reference/testing.md#TestEventListeners) - note the "s"
 at the end of the name) in your `main()` function, before calling
 `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`:
@@ -1712,7 +1746,7 @@
   // Gets hold of the event listener list.
   testing::TestEventListeners& listeners =
       testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners();
-  // Adds a listener to the end.  googletest takes the ownership.
+  // Adds a listener to the end.  GoogleTest takes the ownership.
   listeners.Append(new MinimalistPrinter);
   return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
 }
@@ -1764,7 +1798,7 @@
 
 ## Running Test Programs: Advanced Options
 
-googletest test programs are ordinary executables. Once built, you can run them
+GoogleTest test programs are ordinary executables. Once built, you can run them
 directly and affect their behavior via the following environment variables
 and/or command line flags. For the flags to work, your programs must call
 `::testing::InitGoogleTest()` before calling `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`.
@@ -1797,10 +1831,10 @@
 
 #### Running a Subset of the Tests
 
-By default, a googletest program runs all tests the user has defined. Sometimes,
+By default, a GoogleTest program runs all tests the user has defined. Sometimes,
 you want to run only a subset of the tests (e.g. for debugging or quickly
 verifying a change). If you set the `GTEST_FILTER` environment variable or the
-`--gtest_filter` flag to a filter string, googletest will only run the tests
+`--gtest_filter` flag to a filter string, GoogleTest will only run the tests
 whose full names (in the form of `TestSuiteName.TestName`) match the filter.
 
 The format of a filter is a '`:`'-separated list of wildcard patterns (called
@@ -1831,7 +1865,7 @@
 
 #### Stop test execution upon first failure
 
-By default, a googletest program runs all tests the user has defined. In some
+By default, a GoogleTest program runs all tests the user has defined. In some
 cases (e.g. iterative test development & execution) it may be desirable stop
 test execution upon first failure (trading improved latency for completeness).
 If `GTEST_FAIL_FAST` environment variable or `--gtest_fail_fast` flag is set,
@@ -1848,7 +1882,7 @@
 to the front of the name of each test, or alternatively add it to the front of
 the test suite name.
 
-For example, the following tests won't be run by googletest, even though they
+For example, the following tests won't be run by GoogleTest, even though they
 will still be compiled:
 
 ```c++
@@ -1863,7 +1897,7 @@
 
 {: .callout .note}
 NOTE: This feature should only be used for temporary pain-relief. You still have
-to fix the disabled tests at a later date. As a reminder, googletest will print
+to fix the disabled tests at a later date. As a reminder, GoogleTest will print
 a banner warning you if a test program contains any disabled tests.
 
 {: .callout .tip}
@@ -1908,8 +1942,12 @@
 
 If your test program contains
 [global set-up/tear-down](#global-set-up-and-tear-down) code, it will be
-repeated in each iteration as well, as the flakiness may be in it. You can also
-specify the repeat count by setting the `GTEST_REPEAT` environment variable.
+repeated in each iteration as well, as the flakiness may be in it. To avoid
+repeating global set-up/tear-down, specify
+`--gtest_recreate_environments_when_repeating=false`{.nowrap}.
+
+You can also specify the repeat count by setting the `GTEST_REPEAT` environment
+variable.
 
 ### Shuffling the Tests
 
@@ -1917,16 +1955,16 @@
 environment variable to `1`) to run the tests in a program in a random order.
 This helps to reveal bad dependencies between tests.
 
-By default, googletest uses a random seed calculated from the current time.
+By default, GoogleTest uses a random seed calculated from the current time.
 Therefore you'll get a different order every time. The console output includes
 the random seed value, such that you can reproduce an order-related test failure
 later. To specify the random seed explicitly, use the `--gtest_random_seed=SEED`
 flag (or set the `GTEST_RANDOM_SEED` environment variable), where `SEED` is an
 integer in the range [0, 99999]. The seed value 0 is special: it tells
-googletest to do the default behavior of calculating the seed from the current
+GoogleTest to do the default behavior of calculating the seed from the current
 time.
 
-If you combine this with `--gtest_repeat=N`, googletest will pick a different
+If you combine this with `--gtest_repeat=N`, GoogleTest will pick a different
 random seed and re-shuffle the tests in each iteration.
 
 ### Distributing Test Functions to Multiple Machines
@@ -1985,7 +2023,7 @@
 
 #### Colored Terminal Output
 
-googletest can use colors in its terminal output to make it easier to spot the
+GoogleTest can use colors in its terminal output to make it easier to spot the
 important information:
 
 <pre>...
@@ -2010,25 +2048,25 @@
 
 You can set the `GTEST_COLOR` environment variable or the `--gtest_color`
 command line flag to `yes`, `no`, or `auto` (the default) to enable colors,
-disable colors, or let googletest decide. When the value is `auto`, googletest
+disable colors, or let GoogleTest decide. When the value is `auto`, GoogleTest
 will use colors if and only if the output goes to a terminal and (on non-Windows
 platforms) the `TERM` environment variable is set to `xterm` or `xterm-color`.
 
 #### Suppressing test passes
 
-By default, googletest prints 1 line of output for each test, indicating if it
+By default, GoogleTest prints 1 line of output for each test, indicating if it
 passed or failed. To show only test failures, run the test program with
 `--gtest_brief=1`, or set the GTEST_BRIEF environment variable to `1`.
 
 #### Suppressing the Elapsed Time
 
-By default, googletest prints the time it takes to run each test. To disable
+By default, GoogleTest prints the time it takes to run each test. To disable
 that, run the test program with the `--gtest_print_time=0` command line flag, or
 set the GTEST_PRINT_TIME environment variable to `0`.
 
 #### Suppressing UTF-8 Text Output
 
-In case of assertion failures, googletest prints expected and actual values of
+In case of assertion failures, GoogleTest prints expected and actual values of
 type `string` both as hex-encoded strings as well as in readable UTF-8 text if
 they contain valid non-ASCII UTF-8 characters. If you want to suppress the UTF-8
 text because, for example, you don't have an UTF-8 compatible output medium, run
@@ -2037,7 +2075,7 @@
 
 #### Generating an XML Report
 
-googletest can emit a detailed XML report to a file in addition to its normal
+GoogleTest can emit a detailed XML report to a file in addition to its normal
 textual output. The report contains the duration of each test, and thus can help
 you identify slow tests.
 
@@ -2048,15 +2086,15 @@
 current directory.
 
 If you specify a directory (for example, `"xml:output/directory/"` on Linux or
-`"xml:output\directory\"` on Windows), googletest will create the XML file in
+`"xml:output\directory\"` on Windows), GoogleTest will create the XML file in
 that directory, named after the test executable (e.g. `foo_test.xml` for test
 program `foo_test` or `foo_test.exe`). If the file already exists (perhaps left
-over from a previous run), googletest will pick a different name (e.g.
+over from a previous run), GoogleTest will pick a different name (e.g.
 `foo_test_1.xml`) to avoid overwriting it.
 
 The report is based on the `junitreport` Ant task. Since that format was
 originally intended for Java, a little interpretation is required to make it
-apply to googletest tests, as shown here:
+apply to GoogleTest tests, as shown here:
 
 ```xml
 <testsuites name="AllTests" ...>
@@ -2071,8 +2109,8 @@
 ```
 
 *   The root `<testsuites>` element corresponds to the entire test program.
-*   `<testsuite>` elements correspond to googletest test suites.
-*   `<testcase>` elements correspond to googletest test functions.
+*   `<testsuite>` elements correspond to GoogleTest test suites.
+*   `<testcase>` elements correspond to GoogleTest test functions.
 
 For instance, the following program
 
@@ -2105,7 +2143,7 @@
 Things to note:
 
 *   The `tests` attribute of a `<testsuites>` or `<testsuite>` element tells how
-    many test functions the googletest program or test suite contains, while the
+    many test functions the GoogleTest program or test suite contains, while the
     `failures` attribute tells how many of them failed.
 
 *   The `time` attribute expresses the duration of the test, test suite, or
@@ -2117,12 +2155,12 @@
 *   The `file` and `line` attributes record the source file location, where the
     test was defined.
 
-*   Each `<failure>` element corresponds to a single failed googletest
+*   Each `<failure>` element corresponds to a single failed GoogleTest
     assertion.
 
 #### Generating a JSON Report
 
-googletest can also emit a JSON report as an alternative format to XML. To
+GoogleTest can also emit a JSON report as an alternative format to XML. To
 generate the JSON report, set the `GTEST_OUTPUT` environment variable or the
 `--gtest_output` flag to the string `"json:path_to_output_file"`, which will
 create the file at the given location. You can also just use the string
@@ -2347,7 +2385,7 @@
 
 When running test programs under a debugger, it's very convenient if the
 debugger can catch an assertion failure and automatically drop into interactive
-mode. googletest's *break-on-failure* mode supports this behavior.
+mode. GoogleTest's *break-on-failure* mode supports this behavior.
 
 To enable it, set the `GTEST_BREAK_ON_FAILURE` environment variable to a value
 other than `0`. Alternatively, you can use the `--gtest_break_on_failure`
@@ -2355,9 +2393,9 @@
 
 #### Disabling Catching Test-Thrown Exceptions
 
-googletest can be used either with or without exceptions enabled. If a test
+GoogleTest can be used either with or without exceptions enabled. If a test
 throws a C++ exception or (on Windows) a structured exception (SEH), by default
-googletest catches it, reports it as a test failure, and continues with the next
+GoogleTest catches it, reports it as a test failure, and continues with the next
 test method. This maximizes the coverage of a test run. Also, on Windows an
 uncaught exception will cause a pop-up window, so catching the exceptions allows
 you to run the tests automatically.
@@ -2395,4 +2433,4 @@
 ```
 
 After compiling your project with one of the sanitizers enabled, if a particular
-test triggers a sanitizer error, googletest will report that it failed.
+test triggers a sanitizer error, GoogleTest will report that it failed.
diff --git a/docs/gmock_cheat_sheet.md b/docs/gmock_cheat_sheet.md
index 67d075d..2fb0403 100644
--- a/docs/gmock_cheat_sheet.md
+++ b/docs/gmock_cheat_sheet.md
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@
   // Sets the default action for return type std::unique_ptr<Buzz> to
   // creating a new Buzz every time.
   DefaultValue<std::unique_ptr<Buzz>>::SetFactory(
-      [] { return MakeUnique<Buzz>(AccessLevel::kInternal); });
+      [] { return std::make_unique<Buzz>(AccessLevel::kInternal); });
 
   // When this fires, the default action of MakeBuzz() will run, which
   // will return a new Buzz object.
diff --git a/docs/gmock_cook_book.md b/docs/gmock_cook_book.md
index 8a11d86..d11282f 100644
--- a/docs/gmock_cook_book.md
+++ b/docs/gmock_cook_book.md
@@ -285,6 +285,10 @@
 functions, and profiling confirms your concern, you can combine this with the
 recipe for [mocking non-virtual methods](#MockingNonVirtualMethods).
 
+Alternatively, instead of introducing a new interface, you can rewrite your code
+to accept a std::function instead of the free function, and then use
+[MockFunction](#MockFunction) to mock the std::function.
+
 ### Old-Style `MOCK_METHODn` Macros
 
 Before the generic `MOCK_METHOD` macro
@@ -904,7 +908,7 @@
 using ::testing::Property;
 
 inline constexpr auto HasFoo = [](const auto& f) {
-  return Property(&MyClass::foo, Contains(f));
+  return Property("foo", &MyClass::foo, Contains(f));
 };
 ...
   EXPECT_THAT(x, HasFoo("blah"));
@@ -1158,7 +1162,7 @@
 ```
 
 Note that the predicate function / functor doesn't have to return `bool`. It
-works as long as the return value can be used as the condition in in statement
+works as long as the return value can be used as the condition in the statement
 `if (condition) ...`.
 
 ### Matching Arguments that Are Not Copyable
@@ -1345,7 +1349,7 @@
 
 ...
   Foo foo;
-  EXPECT_CALL(foo, BarPlusBazEq(5))...;
+  EXPECT_THAT(foo, BarPlusBazEq(5))...;
 ```
 
 ### Matching Containers
@@ -1424,11 +1428,12 @@
 {% raw %}
 
 ```cpp
-using testing::ElementsAre;
-using testing::Pair;
+using ::testing::UnorderedElementsAre;
+using ::testing::Pair;
 ...
-  std::map<string, int> m = {{"a", 1}, {"b", 2}, {"c", 3}};
-  EXPECT_THAT(m, ElementsAre(Pair("a", 1), Pair("b", 2), Pair("c", 3)));
+  absl::flat_hash_map<string, int> m = {{"a", 1}, {"b", 2}, {"c", 3}};
+  EXPECT_THAT(m, UnorderedElementsAre(
+      Pair("a", 1), Pair("b", 2), Pair("c", 3)));
 ```
 
 {% endraw %}
@@ -1445,8 +1450,8 @@
 *   If the container is passed by pointer instead of by reference, just write
     `Pointee(ElementsAre*(...))`.
 *   The order of elements *matters* for `ElementsAre*()`. If you are using it
-    with containers whose element order are undefined (e.g. `hash_map`) you
-    should use `WhenSorted` around `ElementsAre`.
+    with containers whose element order are undefined (such as a
+    `std::unordered_map`) you should use `UnorderedElementsAre`.
 
 ### Sharing Matchers
 
@@ -1903,7 +1908,7 @@
 ### Combining Actions
 
 Want to do more than one thing when a function is called? That's fine. `DoAll()`
-allow you to do sequence of actions every time. Only the return value of the
+allows you to do a sequence of actions every time. Only the return value of the
 last action in the sequence will be used.
 
 ```cpp
@@ -2783,7 +2788,7 @@
   // When this fires, the unique_ptr<> specified by ByMove(...) will
   // be returned.
   EXPECT_CALL(mock_buzzer_, MakeBuzz("world"))
-      .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(MakeUnique<Buzz>(AccessLevel::kInternal))));
+      .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(std::make_unique<Buzz>(AccessLevel::kInternal))));
 
   EXPECT_NE(nullptr, mock_buzzer_.MakeBuzz("world"));
 ```
@@ -2804,7 +2809,7 @@
 ```cpp
   EXPECT_CALL(mock_buzzer_, MakeBuzz("x"))
       .WillRepeatedly([](StringPiece text) {
-        return MakeUnique<Buzz>(AccessLevel::kInternal);
+        return std::make_unique<Buzz>(AccessLevel::kInternal);
       });
 
   EXPECT_NE(nullptr, mock_buzzer_.MakeBuzz("x"));
@@ -2823,7 +2828,7 @@
   using ::testing::Unused;
 
   EXPECT_CALL(mock_buzzer_, ShareBuzz(NotNull(), _)).WillOnce(Return(true));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(mock_buzzer_.ShareBuzz(MakeUnique<Buzz>(AccessLevel::kInternal)),
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mock_buzzer_.ShareBuzz(std::make_unique<Buzz>(AccessLevel::kInternal)),
               0);
 
   EXPECT_CALL(mock_buzzer_, ShareBuzz(_, _)).WillOnce(
@@ -2867,7 +2872,7 @@
   // When one calls ShareBuzz() on the MockBuzzer like this, the call is
   // forwarded to DoShareBuzz(), which is mocked.  Therefore this statement
   // will trigger the above EXPECT_CALL.
-  mock_buzzer_.ShareBuzz(MakeUnique<Buzz>(AccessLevel::kInternal), 0);
+  mock_buzzer_.ShareBuzz(std::make_unique<Buzz>(AccessLevel::kInternal), 0);
 ```
 
 ### Making the Compilation Faster
diff --git a/docs/primer.md b/docs/primer.md
index aecc368..31d6316 100644
--- a/docs/primer.md
+++ b/docs/primer.md
@@ -1,74 +1,74 @@
-# Googletest Primer
+# GoogleTest Primer
 
-## Introduction: Why googletest?
+## Introduction: Why GoogleTest?
 
-*googletest* helps you write better C++ tests.
+*GoogleTest* helps you write better C++ tests.
 
-googletest is a testing framework developed by the Testing Technology team with
+GoogleTest is a testing framework developed by the Testing Technology team with
 Google's specific requirements and constraints in mind. Whether you work on
-Linux, Windows, or a Mac, if you write C++ code, googletest can help you. And it
+Linux, Windows, or a Mac, if you write C++ code, GoogleTest can help you. And it
 supports *any* kind of tests, not just unit tests.
 
-So what makes a good test, and how does googletest fit in? We believe:
+So what makes a good test, and how does GoogleTest fit in? We believe:
 
 1.  Tests should be *independent* and *repeatable*. It's a pain to debug a test
-    that succeeds or fails as a result of other tests. googletest isolates the
+    that succeeds or fails as a result of other tests. GoogleTest isolates the
     tests by running each of them on a different object. When a test fails,
-    googletest allows you to run it in isolation for quick debugging.
+    GoogleTest allows you to run it in isolation for quick debugging.
 2.  Tests should be well *organized* and reflect the structure of the tested
-    code. googletest groups related tests into test suites that can share data
+    code. GoogleTest groups related tests into test suites that can share data
     and subroutines. This common pattern is easy to recognize and makes tests
     easy to maintain. Such consistency is especially helpful when people switch
     projects and start to work on a new code base.
 3.  Tests should be *portable* and *reusable*. Google has a lot of code that is
-    platform-neutral; its tests should also be platform-neutral. googletest
+    platform-neutral; its tests should also be platform-neutral. GoogleTest
     works on different OSes, with different compilers, with or without
-    exceptions, so googletest tests can work with a variety of configurations.
+    exceptions, so GoogleTest tests can work with a variety of configurations.
 4.  When tests fail, they should provide as much *information* about the problem
-    as possible. googletest doesn't stop at the first test failure. Instead, it
+    as possible. GoogleTest doesn't stop at the first test failure. Instead, it
     only stops the current test and continues with the next. You can also set up
     tests that report non-fatal failures after which the current test continues.
     Thus, you can detect and fix multiple bugs in a single run-edit-compile
     cycle.
 5.  The testing framework should liberate test writers from housekeeping chores
-    and let them focus on the test *content*. googletest automatically keeps
+    and let them focus on the test *content*. GoogleTest automatically keeps
     track of all tests defined, and doesn't require the user to enumerate them
     in order to run them.
-6.  Tests should be *fast*. With googletest, you can reuse shared resources
+6.  Tests should be *fast*. With GoogleTest, you can reuse shared resources
     across tests and pay for the set-up/tear-down only once, without making
     tests depend on each other.
 
-Since googletest is based on the popular xUnit architecture, you'll feel right
+Since GoogleTest is based on the popular xUnit architecture, you'll feel right
 at home if you've used JUnit or PyUnit before. If not, it will take you about 10
 minutes to learn the basics and get started. So let's go!
 
 ## Beware of the nomenclature
 
 {: .callout .note}
-_Note:_ There might be some confusion arising from different definitions of the
-terms _Test_, _Test Case_ and _Test Suite_, so beware of misunderstanding these.
+*Note:* There might be some confusion arising from different definitions of the
+terms *Test*, *Test Case* and *Test Suite*, so beware of misunderstanding these.
 
-Historically, googletest started to use the term _Test Case_ for grouping
+Historically, GoogleTest started to use the term *Test Case* for grouping
 related tests, whereas current publications, including International Software
 Testing Qualifications Board ([ISTQB](http://www.istqb.org/)) materials and
 various textbooks on software quality, use the term
-_[Test Suite][istqb test suite]_ for this.
+*[Test Suite][istqb test suite]* for this.
 
-The related term _Test_, as it is used in googletest, corresponds to the term
-_[Test Case][istqb test case]_ of ISTQB and others.
+The related term *Test*, as it is used in GoogleTest, corresponds to the term
+*[Test Case][istqb test case]* of ISTQB and others.
 
-The term _Test_ is commonly of broad enough sense, including ISTQB's definition
-of _Test Case_, so it's not much of a problem here. But the term _Test Case_ as
+The term *Test* is commonly of broad enough sense, including ISTQB's definition
+of *Test Case*, so it's not much of a problem here. But the term *Test Case* as
 was used in Google Test is of contradictory sense and thus confusing.
 
-googletest recently started replacing the term _Test Case_ with _Test Suite_.
+GoogleTest recently started replacing the term *Test Case* with *Test Suite*.
 The preferred API is *TestSuite*. The older TestCase API is being slowly
 deprecated and refactored away.
 
 So please be aware of the different definitions of the terms:
 
 
-Meaning                                                                              | googletest Term         | [ISTQB](http://www.istqb.org/) Term
+Meaning                                                                              | GoogleTest Term         | [ISTQB](http://www.istqb.org/) Term
 :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---------------------- | :----------------------------------
 Exercise a particular program path with specific input values and verify the results | [TEST()](#simple-tests) | [Test Case][istqb test case]
 
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
 
 ## Basic Concepts
 
-When using googletest, you start by writing *assertions*, which are statements
+When using GoogleTest, you start by writing *assertions*, which are statements
 that check whether a condition is true. An assertion's result can be *success*,
 *nonfatal failure*, or *fatal failure*. If a fatal failure occurs, it aborts the
 current function; otherwise the program continues normally.
@@ -98,11 +98,11 @@
 
 ## Assertions
 
-googletest assertions are macros that resemble function calls. You test a class
+GoogleTest assertions are macros that resemble function calls. You test a class
 or function by making assertions about its behavior. When an assertion fails,
-googletest prints the assertion's source file and line number location, along
+GoogleTest prints the assertion's source file and line number location, along
 with a failure message. You may also supply a custom failure message which will
-be appended to googletest's message.
+be appended to GoogleTest's message.
 
 The assertions come in pairs that test the same thing but have different effects
 on the current function. `ASSERT_*` versions generate fatal failures when they
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
 1.  Use the `TEST()` macro to define and name a test function. These are
     ordinary C++ functions that don't return a value.
 2.  In this function, along with any valid C++ statements you want to include,
-    use the various googletest assertions to check values.
+    use the various GoogleTest assertions to check values.
 3.  The test's result is determined by the assertions; if any assertion in the
     test fails (either fatally or non-fatally), or if the test crashes, the
     entire test fails. Otherwise, it succeeds.
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
 }
 ```
 
-googletest groups the test results by test suites, so logically related tests
+GoogleTest groups the test results by test suites, so logically related tests
 should be in the same test suite; in other words, the first argument to their
 `TEST()` should be the same. In the above example, we have two tests,
 `HandlesZeroInput` and `HandlesPositiveInput`, that belong to the same test
@@ -227,14 +227,14 @@
 access objects and subroutines in the test fixture:
 
 ```c++
-TEST_F(TestFixtureName, TestName) {
+TEST_F(TestFixtureClassName, TestName) {
   ... test body ...
 }
 ```
 
-Like `TEST()`, the first argument is the test suite name, but for `TEST_F()`
-this must be the name of the test fixture class. You've probably guessed: `_F`
-is for fixture.
+Unlike `TEST()`, in `TEST_F()` the first argument must be the name of the test
+fixture class. (`_F` stands for "Fixture"). No test suite name is specified for
+this macro.
 
 Unfortunately, the C++ macro system does not allow us to create a single macro
 that can handle both types of tests. Using the wrong macro causes a compiler
@@ -244,12 +244,12 @@
 `TEST_F()`, or you'll get the compiler error "`virtual outside class
 declaration`".
 
-For each test defined with `TEST_F()`, googletest will create a *fresh* test
+For each test defined with `TEST_F()`, GoogleTest will create a *fresh* test
 fixture at runtime, immediately initialize it via `SetUp()`, run the test, clean
 up by calling `TearDown()`, and then delete the test fixture. Note that
 different tests in the same test suite have different test fixture objects, and
-googletest always deletes a test fixture before it creates the next one.
-googletest does **not** reuse the same test fixture for multiple tests. Any
+GoogleTest always deletes a test fixture before it creates the next one.
+GoogleTest does **not** reuse the same test fixture for multiple tests. Any
 changes one test makes to the fixture do not affect other tests.
 
 As an example, let's write tests for a FIFO queue class named `Queue`, which has
@@ -274,6 +274,7 @@
 class QueueTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
   void SetUp() override {
+     // q0_ remains empty
      q1_.Enqueue(1);
      q2_.Enqueue(2);
      q2_.Enqueue(3);
@@ -324,7 +325,7 @@
 
 When these tests run, the following happens:
 
-1.  googletest constructs a `QueueTest` object (let's call it `t1`).
+1.  GoogleTest constructs a `QueueTest` object (let's call it `t1`).
 2.  `t1.SetUp()` initializes `t1`.
 3.  The first test (`IsEmptyInitially`) runs on `t1`.
 4.  `t1.TearDown()` cleans up after the test finishes.
@@ -336,7 +337,7 @@
 
 ## Invoking the Tests
 
-`TEST()` and `TEST_F()` implicitly register their tests with googletest. So,
+`TEST()` and `TEST_F()` implicitly register their tests with GoogleTest. So,
 unlike with many other C++ testing frameworks, you don't have to re-list all
 your defined tests in order to run them.
 
@@ -347,7 +348,7 @@
 
 When invoked, the `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` macro:
 
-*   Saves the state of all googletest flags.
+*   Saves the state of all GoogleTest flags.
 
 *   Creates a test fixture object for the first test.
 
@@ -359,7 +360,7 @@
 
 *   Deletes the fixture.
 
-*   Restores the state of all googletest flags.
+*   Restores the state of all GoogleTest flags.
 
 *   Repeats the above steps for the next test, until all tests have run.
 
@@ -373,14 +374,14 @@
 > return the value of `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`.
 >
 > Also, you should call `RUN_ALL_TESTS()` only **once**. Calling it more than
-> once conflicts with some advanced googletest features (e.g., thread-safe
+> once conflicts with some advanced GoogleTest features (e.g., thread-safe
 > [death tests](advanced.md#death-tests)) and thus is not supported.
 
 **Availability**: Linux, Windows, Mac.
 
 ## Writing the main() Function
 
-Most users should _not_ need to write their own `main` function and instead link
+Most users should *not* need to write their own `main` function and instead link
 with `gtest_main` (as opposed to with `gtest`), which defines a suitable entry
 point. See the end of this section for details. The remainder of this section
 should only apply when you need to do something custom before the tests run that
@@ -455,7 +456,7 @@
 ```
 
 The `::testing::InitGoogleTest()` function parses the command line for
-googletest flags, and removes all recognized flags. This allows the user to
+GoogleTest flags, and removes all recognized flags. This allows the user to
 control a test program's behavior via various flags, which we'll cover in the
 [AdvancedGuide](advanced.md). You **must** call this function before calling
 `RUN_ALL_TESTS()`, or the flags won't be properly initialized.
@@ -475,7 +476,7 @@
 
 *   Google Test is designed to be thread-safe. The implementation is thread-safe
     on systems where the `pthreads` library is available. It is currently
-    _unsafe_ to use Google Test assertions from two threads concurrently on
+    *unsafe* to use Google Test assertions from two threads concurrently on
     other systems (e.g. Windows). In most tests this is not an issue as usually
     the assertions are done in the main thread. If you want to help, you can
     volunteer to implement the necessary synchronization primitives in
diff --git a/docs/quickstart-bazel.md b/docs/quickstart-bazel.md
index c187e72..15c27a2 100644
--- a/docs/quickstart-bazel.md
+++ b/docs/quickstart-bazel.md
@@ -17,11 +17,10 @@
 compatible with GoogleTest.
 
 If you don't already have Bazel installed, see the
-[Bazel installation guide](https://docs.bazel.build/versions/main/install.html).
+[Bazel installation guide](https://bazel.build/install).
 
-{: .callout .note}
-Note: The terminal commands in this tutorial show a Unix shell prompt, but the
-commands work on the Windows command line as well.
+{: .callout .note} Note: The terminal commands in this tutorial show a Unix
+shell prompt, but the commands work on the Windows command line as well.
 
 ## Set up a Bazel workspace
 
@@ -51,16 +50,16 @@
 
 http_archive(
   name = "com_google_googletest",
-  urls = ["https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/609281088cfefc76f9d0ce82e1ff6c30cc3591e5.zip"],
-  strip_prefix = "googletest-609281088cfefc76f9d0ce82e1ff6c30cc3591e5",
+  urls = ["https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/5ab508a01f9eb089207ee87fd547d290da39d015.zip"],
+  strip_prefix = "googletest-5ab508a01f9eb089207ee87fd547d290da39d015",
 )
 ```
 
 The above configuration declares a dependency on GoogleTest which is downloaded
 as a ZIP archive from GitHub. In the above example,
-`609281088cfefc76f9d0ce82e1ff6c30cc3591e5` is the Git commit hash of the
+`5ab508a01f9eb089207ee87fd547d290da39d015` is the Git commit hash of the
 GoogleTest version to use; we recommend updating the hash often to point to the
-latest version.
+latest version. Use a recent hash on the `main` branch.
 
 Now you're ready to build C++ code that uses GoogleTest.
 
diff --git a/docs/quickstart-cmake.md b/docs/quickstart-cmake.md
index 2988761..5abe504 100644
--- a/docs/quickstart-cmake.md
+++ b/docs/quickstart-cmake.md
@@ -58,8 +58,7 @@
 include(FetchContent)
 FetchContent_Declare(
   googletest
-  GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/google/googletest.git
-  GIT_TAG release-1.12.1
+  URL https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/03597a01ee50ed33e9dfd640b249b4be3799d395.zip
 )
 # For Windows: Prevent overriding the parent project's compiler/linker settings
 set(gtest_force_shared_crt ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@
 ```
 
 The above configuration declares a dependency on GoogleTest which is downloaded
-from GitHub. In the above example, `609281088cfefc76f9d0ce82e1ff6c30cc3591e5` is
+from GitHub. In the above example, `03597a01ee50ed33e9dfd640b249b4be3799d395` is
 the Git commit hash of the GoogleTest version to use; we recommend updating the
 hash often to point to the latest version.
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/assertions.md b/docs/reference/assertions.md
index 7bf03a3..1cdff26 100644
--- a/docs/reference/assertions.md
+++ b/docs/reference/assertions.md
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@
 ### EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED {#EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED}
 
 `EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(`*`expression`*`)` \
-`EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(`*`expression`*`)`
+`ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(`*`expression`*`)`
 
 Verifies that *`expression`* is a failure `HRESULT`.
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/matchers.md b/docs/reference/matchers.md
index 9fb1592..243e3f9 100644
--- a/docs/reference/matchers.md
+++ b/docs/reference/matchers.md
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
 | `StrCaseNe(string)`      | `argument` is not equal to `string`, ignoring case. |
 | `StrEq(string)`          | `argument` is equal to `string`.                  |
 | `StrNe(string)`          | `argument` is not equal to `string`.              |
-| `WhenBase64Unescaped(m)` | `argument` is a base-64 escaped string whose unescaped string matches `m`. |
+| `WhenBase64Unescaped(m)` | `argument` is a base-64 escaped string whose unescaped string matches `m`.  The web-safe format from [RFC 4648](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4648#section-5) is supported. |
 
 `ContainsRegex()` and `MatchesRegex()` take ownership of the `RE` object. They
 use the regular expression syntax defined
@@ -288,3 +288,15 @@
       return ExplainMatchResult(matcher, arg.nested().property(), result_listener);
     }
     ```
+
+5.  You can use `DescribeMatcher<>` to describe another matcher. For example:
+
+    ```cpp
+    MATCHER_P(XAndYThat, matcher,
+              "X that " + DescribeMatcher<int>(matcher, negation) +
+                  (negation ? " or" : " and") + " Y that " +
+                  DescribeMatcher<double>(matcher, negation)) {
+      return ExplainMatchResult(matcher, arg.x(), result_listener) &&
+             ExplainMatchResult(matcher, arg.y(), result_listener);
+    }
+    ```
diff --git a/docs/reference/testing.md b/docs/reference/testing.md
index dc47942..877dfa3 100644
--- a/docs/reference/testing.md
+++ b/docs/reference/testing.md
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@
 | `ValuesIn(container)` or `ValuesIn(begin,end)` | Yields values from a C-style array, an STL-style container, or an iterator range `[begin, end)`. |
 | `Bool()`                     | Yields sequence `{false, true}`.            |
 | `Combine(g1, g2, ..., gN)`   | Yields as `std::tuple` *n*-tuples all combinations (Cartesian product) of the values generated by the given *n* generators `g1`, `g2`, ..., `gN`. |
+| `ConvertGenerator<T>(g)`     | Yields values generated by generator `g`, `static_cast` to `T`. |
 
 The optional last argument *`name_generator`* is a function or functor that
 generates custom test name suffixes based on the test parameters. The function
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h
index 7e78c09..c0bb8a9 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h
@@ -146,10 +146,7 @@
 #include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h"
 #include "gmock/internal/gmock-pp.h"
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4100)
 
 namespace testing {
 
@@ -1276,7 +1273,7 @@
   const T2 value_;
 };
 
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifndef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
 // Implements the SetErrnoAndReturn action to simulate return from
 // various system calls and libc functions.
@@ -1420,17 +1417,19 @@
   // providing a call operator because even with a particular set of arguments
   // they don't have a fixed return type.
 
-  template <typename R, typename... Args,
-            typename std::enable_if<
-                std::is_convertible<
-                    InnerAction,
-                    // Unfortunately we can't use the InnerSignature alias here;
-                    // MSVC complains about the I parameter pack not being
-                    // expanded (error C3520) despite it being expanded in the
-                    // type alias.
-                    OnceAction<R(typename std::tuple_element<
-                                 I, std::tuple<Args...>>::type...)>>::value,
-                int>::type = 0>
+  template <
+      typename R, typename... Args,
+      typename std::enable_if<
+          std::is_convertible<InnerAction,
+                              // Unfortunately we can't use the InnerSignature
+                              // alias here; MSVC complains about the I
+                              // parameter pack not being expanded (error C3520)
+                              // despite it being expanded in the type alias.
+                              // TupleElement is also an MSVC workaround.
+                              // See its definition for details.
+                              OnceAction<R(internal::TupleElement<
+                                           I, std::tuple<Args...>>...)>>::value,
+          int>::type = 0>
   operator OnceAction<R(Args...)>() && {  // NOLINT
     struct OA {
       OnceAction<InnerSignature<R, Args...>> inner_action;
@@ -1445,17 +1444,19 @@
     return OA{std::move(inner_action)};
   }
 
-  template <typename R, typename... Args,
-            typename std::enable_if<
-                std::is_convertible<
-                    const InnerAction&,
-                    // Unfortunately we can't use the InnerSignature alias here;
-                    // MSVC complains about the I parameter pack not being
-                    // expanded (error C3520) despite it being expanded in the
-                    // type alias.
-                    Action<R(typename std::tuple_element<
-                             I, std::tuple<Args...>>::type...)>>::value,
-                int>::type = 0>
+  template <
+      typename R, typename... Args,
+      typename std::enable_if<
+          std::is_convertible<const InnerAction&,
+                              // Unfortunately we can't use the InnerSignature
+                              // alias here; MSVC complains about the I
+                              // parameter pack not being expanded (error C3520)
+                              // despite it being expanded in the type alias.
+                              // TupleElement is also an MSVC workaround.
+                              // See its definition for details.
+                              Action<R(internal::TupleElement<
+                                       I, std::tuple<Args...>>...)>>::value,
+          int>::type = 0>
   operator Action<R(Args...)>() const {  // NOLINT
     Action<InnerSignature<R, Args...>> converted(inner_action);
 
@@ -1925,7 +1926,7 @@
   return MakePolymorphicAction(internal::AssignAction<T1, T2>(ptr, val));
 }
 
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifndef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
 // Creates an action that sets errno and returns the appropriate error.
 template <typename T>
@@ -2291,8 +2292,6 @@
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4100
 
 #endif  // GOOGLEMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_ACTIONS_H_
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-function-mocker.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-function-mocker.h
index f565d98..1a1f126 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-function-mocker.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-function-mocker.h
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@
 // IWYU pragma: private, include "gmock/gmock.h"
 // IWYU pragma: friend gmock/.*
 
-#ifndef GOOGLEMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_FUNCTION_MOCKER_H_  // NOLINT
-#define GOOGLEMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_FUNCTION_MOCKER_H_  // NOLINT
+#ifndef GOOGLEMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_FUNCTION_MOCKER_H_
+#define GOOGLEMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_FUNCTION_MOCKER_H_
 
 #include <type_traits>  // IWYU pragma: keep
 #include <utility>      // IWYU pragma: keep
@@ -108,8 +108,11 @@
 using internal::FunctionMocker;
 }  // namespace testing
 
-#define MOCK_METHOD(...) \
-  GMOCK_PP_VARIADIC_CALL(GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MOCK_METHOD(...)                                               \
+  GMOCK_INTERNAL_WARNING_PUSH()                                        \
+  GMOCK_INTERNAL_WARNING_CLANG(ignored, "-Wunused-member-function")    \
+  GMOCK_PP_VARIADIC_CALL(GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_, __VA_ARGS__) \
+  GMOCK_INTERNAL_WARNING_POP()
 
 #define GMOCK_INTERNAL_MOCK_METHOD_ARG_1(...) \
   GMOCK_INTERNAL_WRONG_ARITY(__VA_ARGS__)
@@ -177,8 +180,9 @@
       _Signature)>::Result                                                     \
   GMOCK_INTERNAL_EXPAND(_CallType)                                             \
       _MethodName(GMOCK_PP_REPEAT(GMOCK_INTERNAL_PARAMETER, _Signature, _N))   \
-          GMOCK_PP_IF(_Constness, const, ) _RefSpec _NoexceptSpec              \
-          GMOCK_PP_IF(_Override, override, ) GMOCK_PP_IF(_Final, final, ) {    \
+          GMOCK_PP_IF(_Constness, const, )                                     \
+              _RefSpec _NoexceptSpec GMOCK_PP_IF(_Override, override, )        \
+                  GMOCK_PP_IF(_Final, final, ) {                               \
     GMOCK_MOCKER_(_N, _Constness, _MethodName)                                 \
         .SetOwnerAndName(this, #_MethodName);                                  \
     return GMOCK_MOCKER_(_N, _Constness, _MethodName)                          \
@@ -511,4 +515,4 @@
 #define GMOCK_MOCKER_(arity, constness, Method) \
   GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gmock##constness##arity##_##Method##_, __LINE__)
 
-#endif  // GOOGLEMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_GMOCK_FUNCTION_MOCKER_H_
+#endif  // GOOGLEMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_FUNCTION_MOCKER_H_
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h
index 5faf8dc..7c5d65c 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h
@@ -257,7 +257,9 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cmath>
+#include <functional>
 #include <initializer_list>
+#include <ios>
 #include <iterator>
 #include <limits>
 #include <memory>
@@ -561,7 +563,7 @@
 // If the explanation is not empty, prints it to the ostream.
 inline void PrintIfNotEmpty(const std::string& explanation,
                             ::std::ostream* os) {
-  if (explanation != "" && os != nullptr) {
+  if (!explanation.empty() && os != nullptr) {
     *os << ", " << explanation;
   }
 }
@@ -1198,27 +1200,27 @@
   };
 };
 
-class Eq2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Eq2Matcher, AnyEq> {
+class Eq2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Eq2Matcher, std::equal_to<>> {
  public:
   static const char* Desc() { return "an equal pair"; }
 };
-class Ne2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Ne2Matcher, AnyNe> {
+class Ne2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Ne2Matcher, std::not_equal_to<>> {
  public:
   static const char* Desc() { return "an unequal pair"; }
 };
-class Lt2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Lt2Matcher, AnyLt> {
+class Lt2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Lt2Matcher, std::less<>> {
  public:
   static const char* Desc() { return "a pair where the first < the second"; }
 };
-class Gt2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Gt2Matcher, AnyGt> {
+class Gt2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Gt2Matcher, std::greater<>> {
  public:
   static const char* Desc() { return "a pair where the first > the second"; }
 };
-class Le2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Le2Matcher, AnyLe> {
+class Le2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Le2Matcher, std::less_equal<>> {
  public:
   static const char* Desc() { return "a pair where the first <= the second"; }
 };
-class Ge2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Ge2Matcher, AnyGe> {
+class Ge2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Ge2Matcher, std::greater_equal<>> {
  public:
   static const char* Desc() { return "a pair where the first >= the second"; }
 };
@@ -1472,6 +1474,7 @@
   operator Matcher<U>() const {  // NOLINT
     using RawU = typename std::decay<U>::type;
     std::vector<Matcher<RawU>> matchers;
+    matchers.reserve(matchers_.size());
     for (const auto& matcher : matchers_) {
       matchers.push_back(MatcherCast<RawU>(matcher));
     }
@@ -2309,11 +2312,11 @@
         : size_matcher_(MatcherCast<SizeType>(size_matcher)) {}
 
     void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
-      *os << "size ";
+      *os << "has a size that ";
       size_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
     }
     void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
-      *os << "size ";
+      *os << "has a size that ";
       size_matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
     }
 
@@ -2963,7 +2966,7 @@
     const bool match = inner_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(
         pair_getters::First(key_value, Rank0()), &inner_listener);
     const std::string explanation = inner_listener.str();
-    if (explanation != "") {
+    if (!explanation.empty()) {
       *listener << "whose first field is a value " << explanation;
     }
     return match;
@@ -3110,12 +3113,12 @@
                       const std::string& second_explanation,
                       MatchResultListener* listener) const {
     *listener << "whose both fields match";
-    if (first_explanation != "") {
+    if (!first_explanation.empty()) {
       *listener << ", where the first field is a value " << first_explanation;
     }
-    if (second_explanation != "") {
+    if (!second_explanation.empty()) {
       *listener << ", ";
-      if (first_explanation != "") {
+      if (!first_explanation.empty()) {
         *listener << "and ";
       } else {
         *listener << "where ";
@@ -3316,8 +3319,8 @@
     std::vector<StringMatchResultListener> inner_listener(sizeof...(I));
 
     VariadicExpand(
-        {failed_pos == ~size_t{}&& !std::get<I>(matchers_).MatchAndExplain(
-                           std::get<I>(tuple), &inner_listener[I])
+        {failed_pos == ~size_t{} && !std::get<I>(matchers_).MatchAndExplain(
+                                        std::get<I>(tuple), &inner_listener[I])
              ? failed_pos = I
              : 0 ...});
     if (failed_pos != ~size_t{}) {
@@ -3644,23 +3647,6 @@
         AnalyzeElements(stl_container.begin(), stl_container.end(),
                         &element_printouts, listener);
 
-    if (matrix.LhsSize() == 0 && matrix.RhsSize() == 0) {
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    if (match_flags() == UnorderedMatcherRequire::ExactMatch) {
-      if (matrix.LhsSize() != matrix.RhsSize()) {
-        // The element count doesn't match.  If the container is empty,
-        // there's no need to explain anything as Google Mock already
-        // prints the empty container. Otherwise we just need to show
-        // how many elements there actually are.
-        if (matrix.LhsSize() != 0 && listener->IsInterested()) {
-          *listener << "which has " << Elements(matrix.LhsSize());
-        }
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-
     return VerifyMatchMatrix(element_printouts, matrix, listener) &&
            FindPairing(matrix, listener);
   }
@@ -4115,7 +4101,12 @@
     const char* sep = "";
     // Workaround spurious C4189 on MSVC<=15.7 when k is empty.
     (void)sep;
-    const char* dummy[] = {"", (*os << sep << "#" << k, sep = ", ")...};
+    // The static_cast to void is needed to silence Clang's -Wcomma warning.
+    // This pattern looks suspiciously like we may have mismatched parentheses
+    // and may have been trying to use the first operation of the comma operator
+    // as a member of the array, so Clang warns that we may have made a mistake.
+    const char* dummy[] = {
+        "", (static_cast<void>(*os << sep << "#" << k), sep = ", ")...};
     (void)dummy;
     *os << ") ";
   }
@@ -5482,7 +5473,12 @@
       }                                                                        \
     };                                                                         \
   };                                                                           \
-  GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ inline name##Matcher name() { return {}; }           \
+  inline name##Matcher GMOCK_INTERNAL_WARNING_PUSH()                           \
+      GMOCK_INTERNAL_WARNING_CLANG(ignored, "-Wunused-function")               \
+          GMOCK_INTERNAL_WARNING_CLANG(ignored, "-Wunused-member-function")    \
+              name GMOCK_INTERNAL_WARNING_POP()() {                            \
+    return {};                                                                 \
+  }                                                                            \
   template <typename arg_type>                                                 \
   bool name##Matcher::gmock_Impl<arg_type>::MatchAndExplain(                   \
       const arg_type& arg,                                                     \
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-more-actions.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-more-actions.h
index 148ac01..4030076 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-more-actions.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-more-actions.h
@@ -526,9 +526,10 @@
                         GMOCK_INTERNAL_LIST_##value_params)){})                \
             GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params)(const GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_( \
                 name, value_params) &) noexcept GMOCK_INTERNAL_DEFN_COPY_      \
-        ##value_params GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params)(                \
-            GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params) &&) noexcept               \
-        GMOCK_INTERNAL_DEFN_COPY_##value_params template <typename F>          \
+        ##value_params                                                         \
+        GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(name, value_params)(GMOCK_ACTION_CLASS_(           \
+            name, value_params) &&) noexcept GMOCK_INTERNAL_DEFN_COPY_         \
+        ##value_params template <typename F>                                   \
         operator ::testing::Action<F>() const {                                \
       return GMOCK_PP_IF(                                                      \
           GMOCK_PP_IS_EMPTY(GMOCK_INTERNAL_COUNT_##value_params),              \
@@ -582,10 +583,7 @@
 // the macro definition, as the warnings are generated when the macro
 // is expanded and macro expansion cannot contain #pragma.  Therefore
 // we suppress them here.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4100)
 
 namespace internal {
 
@@ -602,13 +600,13 @@
 struct InvokeArgumentAction {
   template <typename... Args,
             typename = typename std::enable_if<(index < sizeof...(Args))>::type>
-  auto operator()(Args&&... args) const -> decltype(internal::InvokeArgument(
+  auto operator()(Args &&...args) const -> decltype(internal::InvokeArgument(
       std::get<index>(std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Args>(args)...)),
-      std::declval<const Params&>()...)) {
-    internal::FlatTuple<Args&&...> args_tuple(FlatTupleConstructTag{},
-                                              std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-    return params.Apply([&](const Params&... unpacked_params) {
-      auto&& callable = args_tuple.template Get<index>();
+      std::declval<const Params &>()...)) {
+    internal::FlatTuple<Args &&...> args_tuple(FlatTupleConstructTag{},
+                                               std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    return params.Apply([&](const Params &...unpacked_params) {
+      auto &&callable = args_tuple.template Get<index>();
       return internal::InvokeArgument(
           std::forward<decltype(callable)>(callable), unpacked_params...);
     });
@@ -648,14 +646,12 @@
 //   later.
 template <std::size_t index, typename... Params>
 internal::InvokeArgumentAction<index, typename std::decay<Params>::type...>
-InvokeArgument(Params&&... params) {
+InvokeArgument(Params &&...params) {
   return {internal::FlatTuple<typename std::decay<Params>::type...>(
       internal::FlatTupleConstructTag{}, std::forward<Params>(params)...)};
 }
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4100
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-more-matchers.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-more-matchers.h
index d9a9210..54ea68b 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-more-matchers.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-more-matchers.h
@@ -49,14 +49,11 @@
 
 // Silence C4100 (unreferenced formal
 // parameter) for MSVC
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
-#if (_MSC_VER == 1900)
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4100)
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER == 1900)
 // and silence C4800 (C4800: 'int *const ': forcing value
 // to bool 'true' or 'false') for MSVC 14
-#pragma warning(disable : 4800)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4800)
 #endif
 
 namespace internal {
@@ -113,9 +110,10 @@
   return !static_cast<bool>(arg);
 }
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(pop)
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER == 1900)
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4800
 #endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4100
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-nice-strict.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-nice-strict.h
index 4f0eb35..056d471 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-nice-strict.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-nice-strict.h
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
 // deregistration. This guarantees that MockClass's constructor and destructor
 // run with the same level of strictness as its instance methods.
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW && \
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW) && \
     (defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__clang__))
 // We need to mark these classes with this declspec to ensure that
 // the empty base class optimization is performed.
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h
index 45cc605..2a33acb 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
+#include <ostream>
 #include <set>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
@@ -203,6 +204,9 @@
 
   using UntypedExpectations = std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ExpectationBase>>;
 
+  struct UninterestingCallCleanupHandler;
+  struct FailureCleanupHandler;
+
   // Returns an Expectation object that references and co-owns exp,
   // which must be an expectation on this mock function.
   Expectation GetHandleOf(ExpectationBase* exp);
@@ -656,7 +660,7 @@
 
   InSequence(const InSequence&) = delete;
   InSequence& operator=(const InSequence&) = delete;
-} GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;
+};
 
 namespace internal {
 
@@ -706,6 +710,12 @@
   // describes it to the ostream.
   virtual void MaybeDescribeExtraMatcherTo(::std::ostream* os) = 0;
 
+  // Do not rely on this for correctness.
+  // This is only for making human-readable test output easier to understand.
+  void UntypedDescription(std::string description) {
+    description_ = std::move(description);
+  }
+
  protected:
   friend class ::testing::Expectation;
   friend class UntypedFunctionMockerBase;
@@ -772,6 +782,10 @@
     retired_ = true;
   }
 
+  // Returns a human-readable description of this expectation.
+  // Do not rely on this for correctness. It is only for human readability.
+  const std::string& GetDescription() const { return description_; }
+
   // Returns true if and only if this expectation is satisfied.
   bool IsSatisfied() const GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
@@ -831,6 +845,7 @@
   const char* file_;               // The file that contains the expectation.
   int line_;                       // The line number of the expectation.
   const std::string source_text_;  // The EXPECT_CALL(...) source text.
+  std::string description_;        // User-readable name for the expectation.
   // True if and only if the cardinality is specified explicitly.
   bool cardinality_specified_;
   Cardinality cardinality_;  // The cardinality of the expectation.
@@ -909,6 +924,13 @@
     return *this;
   }
 
+  // Do not rely on this for correctness.
+  // This is only for making human-readable test output easier to understand.
+  TypedExpectation& Description(std::string name) {
+    ExpectationBase::UntypedDescription(std::move(name));
+    return *this;
+  }
+
   // Implements the .Times() clause.
   TypedExpectation& Times(const Cardinality& a_cardinality) {
     ExpectationBase::UntypedTimes(a_cardinality);
@@ -1199,10 +1221,15 @@
                                          ::std::ostream* why)
       GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(g_gmock_mutex) {
     g_gmock_mutex.AssertHeld();
+    const ::std::string& expectation_description = GetDescription();
     if (IsSaturated()) {
       // We have an excessive call.
       IncrementCallCount();
-      *what << "Mock function called more times than expected - ";
+      *what << "Mock function ";
+      if (!expectation_description.empty()) {
+        *what << "\"" << expectation_description << "\" ";
+      }
+      *what << "called more times than expected - ";
       mocker->DescribeDefaultActionTo(args, what);
       DescribeCallCountTo(why);
 
@@ -1217,7 +1244,11 @@
     }
 
     // Must be done after IncrementCount()!
-    *what << "Mock function call matches " << source_text() << "...\n";
+    *what << "Mock function ";
+    if (!expectation_description.empty()) {
+      *what << "\"" << expectation_description << "\" ";
+    }
+    *what << "call matches " << source_text() << "...\n";
     return &(GetCurrentAction(mocker, args));
   }
 
@@ -1368,6 +1399,41 @@
   std::function<void()> f_;
 };
 
+struct UntypedFunctionMockerBase::UninterestingCallCleanupHandler {
+  CallReaction reaction;
+  std::stringstream& ss;
+
+  ~UninterestingCallCleanupHandler() {
+    ReportUninterestingCall(reaction, ss.str());
+  }
+};
+
+struct UntypedFunctionMockerBase::FailureCleanupHandler {
+  std::stringstream& ss;
+  std::stringstream& why;
+  std::stringstream& loc;
+  const ExpectationBase* untyped_expectation;
+  bool found;
+  bool is_excessive;
+
+  ~FailureCleanupHandler() {
+    ss << "\n" << why.str();
+
+    if (!found) {
+      // No expectation matches this call - reports a failure.
+      Expect(false, nullptr, -1, ss.str());
+    } else if (is_excessive) {
+      // We had an upper-bound violation and the failure message is in ss.
+      Expect(false, untyped_expectation->file(), untyped_expectation->line(),
+             ss.str());
+    } else {
+      // We had an expected call and the matching expectation is
+      // described in ss.
+      Log(kInfo, loc.str() + ss.str(), 2);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
 template <typename F>
 class FunctionMocker;
 
@@ -1766,8 +1832,15 @@
     //
     // We use RAII to do the latter in case R is void or a non-moveable type. In
     // either case we can't assign it to a local variable.
-    const Cleanup report_uninteresting_call(
-        [&] { ReportUninterestingCall(reaction, ss.str()); });
+    //
+    // Note that std::bind() is essential here.
+    // We *don't* use any local callback types (like lambdas).
+    // Doing so slows down compilation dramatically because the *constructor* of
+    // std::function<T> is re-instantiated with different template
+    // parameters each time.
+    const UninterestingCallCleanupHandler report_uninteresting_call = {
+        reaction, ss
+    };
 
     return PerformActionAndPrintResult(nullptr, std::move(args), ss.str(), ss);
   }
@@ -1811,22 +1884,14 @@
   //
   // We use RAII to do the latter in case R is void or a non-moveable type. In
   // either case we can't assign it to a local variable.
-  const Cleanup handle_failures([&] {
-    ss << "\n" << why.str();
-
-    if (!found) {
-      // No expectation matches this call - reports a failure.
-      Expect(false, nullptr, -1, ss.str());
-    } else if (is_excessive) {
-      // We had an upper-bound violation and the failure message is in ss.
-      Expect(false, untyped_expectation->file(), untyped_expectation->line(),
-             ss.str());
-    } else {
-      // We had an expected call and the matching expectation is
-      // described in ss.
-      Log(kInfo, loc.str() + ss.str(), 2);
-    }
-  });
+  //
+  // Note that we *don't* use any local callback types (like lambdas) here.
+  // Doing so slows down compilation dramatically because the *constructor* of
+  // std::function<T> is re-instantiated with different template
+  // parameters each time.
+  const FailureCleanupHandler handle_failures = {
+      ss, why, loc, untyped_expectation, found, is_excessive
+  };
 
   return PerformActionAndPrintResult(untyped_action, std::move(args), ss.str(),
                                      ss);
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h
index b1343fd..d344438 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h
@@ -58,11 +58,7 @@
 
 // Silence MSVC C4100 (unreferenced formal parameter) and
 // C4805('==': unsafe mix of type 'const int' and type 'const bool')
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4805)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4100 4805)
 
 // Joins a vector of strings as if they are fields of a tuple; returns
 // the joined string.
@@ -95,6 +91,24 @@
   return p;
 }
 
+// Default definitions for all compilers.
+// NOTE: If you implement support for other compilers, make sure to avoid
+// unexpected overlaps.
+// (e.g., Clang also processes #pragma GCC, and clang-cl also handles _MSC_VER.)
+#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_WARNING_PUSH()
+#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_WARNING_CLANG(Level, Name)
+#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_WARNING_POP()
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#undef GMOCK_INTERNAL_WARNING_PUSH
+#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_WARNING_PUSH() _Pragma("clang diagnostic push")
+#undef GMOCK_INTERNAL_WARNING_CLANG
+#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_WARNING_CLANG(Level, Warning) \
+  _Pragma(GMOCK_PP_INTERNAL_STRINGIZE(clang diagnostic Level Warning))
+#undef GMOCK_INTERNAL_WARNING_POP
+#define GMOCK_INTERNAL_WARNING_POP() _Pragma("clang diagnostic pop")
+#endif
+
 // MSVC treats wchar_t as a native type usually, but treats it as the
 // same as unsigned short when the compiler option /Zc:wchar_t- is
 // specified.  It defines _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED symbol when wchar_t
@@ -290,13 +304,6 @@
 // Internal use only: access the singleton instance of WithoutMatchers.
 GTEST_API_ WithoutMatchers GetWithoutMatchers();
 
-// Disable MSVC warnings for infinite recursion, since in this case the
-// recursion is unreachable.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4717)
-#endif
-
 // Invalid<T>() is usable as an expression of type T, but will terminate
 // the program with an assertion failure if actually run.  This is useful
 // when a value of type T is needed for compilation, but the statement
@@ -304,7 +311,8 @@
 // crashes).
 template <typename T>
 inline T Invalid() {
-  Assert(false, "", -1, "Internal error: attempt to return invalid value");
+  Assert(/*condition=*/false, /*file=*/"", /*line=*/-1,
+         "Internal error: attempt to return invalid value");
 #if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
   __builtin_unreachable();
 #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
@@ -314,10 +322,6 @@
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif
-
 // Given a raw type (i.e. having no top-level reference or const
 // modifier) RawContainer that's either an STL-style container or a
 // native array, class StlContainerView<RawContainer> has the
@@ -461,14 +465,21 @@
   using MakeResultIgnoredValue = IgnoredValue(Args...);
 };
 
+#ifdef GTEST_INTERNAL_NEED_REDUNDANT_CONSTEXPR_DECL
 template <typename R, typename... Args>
 constexpr size_t Function<R(Args...)>::ArgumentCount;
+#endif
+
+// Workaround for MSVC error C2039: 'type': is not a member of 'std'
+// when std::tuple_element is used.
+// See: https://github.com/google/googletest/issues/3931
+// Can be replaced with std::tuple_element_t in C++14.
+template <size_t I, typename T>
+using TupleElement = typename std::tuple_element<I, T>::type;
 
 bool Base64Unescape(const std::string& encoded, std::string* decoded);
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4100 4805
 
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-port.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-port.h
index bc18a25..55ddfb6 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-port.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-port.h
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 #include "gmock/internal/custom/gmock-port.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 #include "absl/flags/declare.h"
 #include "absl/flags/flag.h"
 #endif
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
 #define GMOCK_FLAG(name) FLAGS_gmock_##name
 
 // Pick a command line flags implementation.
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 
 // Macros for defining flags.
 #define GMOCK_DEFINE_bool_(name, default_val, doc) \
diff --git a/googlemock/src/gmock-internal-utils.cc b/googlemock/src/gmock-internal-utils.cc
index 7bfff02..774cce3 100644
--- a/googlemock/src/gmock-internal-utils.cc
+++ b/googlemock/src/gmock-internal-utils.cc
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
                                  (!IsDigit(prev_char) && IsDigit(*p));
 
     if (IsAlNum(*p)) {
-      if (starts_new_word && result != "") result += ' ';
+      if (starts_new_word && !result.empty()) result += ' ';
       result += ToLower(*p);
     }
   }
@@ -198,6 +198,10 @@
       "the variable in various places.");
 }
 
+constexpr char UndoWebSafeEncoding(char c) {
+  return c == '-' ? '+' : c == '_' ? '/' : c;
+}
+
 constexpr char UnBase64Impl(char c, const char* const base64, char carry) {
   return *base64 == 0 ? static_cast<char>(65)
          : *base64 == c
@@ -208,7 +212,8 @@
 template <size_t... I>
 constexpr std::array<char, 256> UnBase64Impl(IndexSequence<I...>,
                                              const char* const base64) {
-  return {{UnBase64Impl(static_cast<char>(I), base64, 0)...}};
+  return {
+      {UnBase64Impl(UndoWebSafeEncoding(static_cast<char>(I)), base64, 0)...}};
 }
 
 constexpr std::array<char, 256> UnBase64(const char* const base64) {
diff --git a/googlemock/src/gmock-matchers.cc b/googlemock/src/gmock-matchers.cc
index a8d04a6..07bba4f 100644
--- a/googlemock/src/gmock-matchers.cc
+++ b/googlemock/src/gmock-matchers.cc
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
     bool negation, const char* matcher_name,
     const std::vector<const char*>& param_names, const Strings& param_values) {
   std::string result = ConvertIdentifierNameToWords(matcher_name);
-  if (param_values.size() >= 1) {
+  if (!param_values.empty()) {
     result += " " + JoinAsKeyValueTuple(param_names, param_values);
   }
   return negation ? "not (" + result + ")" : result;
@@ -370,6 +370,23 @@
 bool UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImplBase::VerifyMatchMatrix(
     const ::std::vector<std::string>& element_printouts,
     const MatchMatrix& matrix, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+  if (matrix.LhsSize() == 0 && matrix.RhsSize() == 0) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (match_flags() == UnorderedMatcherRequire::ExactMatch) {
+    if (matrix.LhsSize() != matrix.RhsSize()) {
+      // The element count doesn't match.  If the container is empty,
+      // there's no need to explain anything as Google Mock already
+      // prints the empty container. Otherwise we just need to show
+      // how many elements there actually are.
+      if (matrix.LhsSize() != 0 && listener->IsInterested()) {
+        *listener << "which has " << Elements(matrix.LhsSize());
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
   bool result = true;
   ::std::vector<char> element_matched(matrix.LhsSize(), 0);
   ::std::vector<char> matcher_matched(matrix.RhsSize(), 0);
diff --git a/googlemock/src/gmock-spec-builders.cc b/googlemock/src/gmock-spec-builders.cc
index 1771e40..5a98faf 100644
--- a/googlemock/src/gmock-spec-builders.cc
+++ b/googlemock/src/gmock-spec-builders.cc
@@ -48,17 +48,17 @@
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
-#if GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_CYGWIN) || defined(GTEST_OS_LINUX) || defined(GTEST_OS_MAC)
 #include <unistd.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_QURT
+#include <qurt_event.h>
+#endif
 
 // Silence C4800 (C4800: 'int *const ': forcing value
 // to bool 'true' or 'false') for MSVC 15
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#if _MSC_VER == 1900
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4800)
-#endif
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER == 1900)
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4800)
 #endif
 
 namespace testing {
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@
               "See "
               "https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/main/docs/"
               "gmock_cook_book.md#"
-              "knowing-when-to-expect for details.\n",
+              "knowing-when-to-expect-useoncall for details.\n",
           stack_frames_to_skip);
       break;
     default:  // FAIL
@@ -406,8 +406,15 @@
     } else if (!untyped_expectation->IsSatisfied()) {
       expectations_met = false;
       ::std::stringstream ss;
-      ss << "Actual function call count doesn't match "
-         << untyped_expectation->source_text() << "...\n";
+
+      const ::std::string& expectation_name =
+          untyped_expectation->GetDescription();
+      ss << "Actual function ";
+      if (!expectation_name.empty()) {
+        ss << "\"" << expectation_name << "\" ";
+      }
+      ss << "call count doesn't match " << untyped_expectation->source_text()
+         << "...\n";
       // No need to show the source file location of the expectation
       // in the description, as the Expect() call that follows already
       // takes care of it.
@@ -496,7 +503,7 @@
       std::cout << internal::FormatFileLocation(state.first_used_file,
                                                 state.first_used_line);
       std::cout << " ERROR: this mock object";
-      if (state.first_used_test != "") {
+      if (!state.first_used_test.empty()) {
         std::cout << " (used in test " << state.first_used_test_suite << "."
                   << state.first_used_test << ")";
       }
@@ -519,8 +526,12 @@
       // RUN_ALL_TESTS() has already returned when this destructor is
       // called.  Therefore we cannot use the normal Google Test
       // failure reporting mechanism.
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_QURT
+      qurt_exception_raise_fatal();
+#else
       _exit(1);  // We cannot call exit() as it is not reentrant and
                  // may already have been called.
+#endif
     }
   }
 
@@ -774,8 +785,6 @@
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#if _MSC_VER == 1900
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER == 1900)
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4800
 #endif
diff --git a/googlemock/src/gmock_main.cc b/googlemock/src/gmock_main.cc
index b411c5e..fb37b53 100644
--- a/googlemock/src/gmock_main.cc
+++ b/googlemock/src/gmock_main.cc
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
 #include "gmock/gmock.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
-#if GTEST_OS_ESP8266 || GTEST_OS_ESP32
-#if GTEST_OS_ESP8266
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_ESP8266) || defined(GTEST_OS_ESP32)
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_ESP8266
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 void setup() {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
   testing::InitGoogleMock();
 }
 void loop() { RUN_ALL_TESTS(); }
-#if GTEST_OS_ESP8266
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_ESP8266
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
 // Windows. See the following link to track the current status of this bug:
 // https://web.archive.org/web/20170912203238/connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/394464/wmain-link-error-in-the-static-library
 // // NOLINT
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 #include <tchar.h>  // NOLINT
 
 GTEST_API_ int _tmain(int argc, TCHAR** argv) {
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-actions_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-actions_test.cc
index e5a7ae1..ee9b889 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-actions_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-actions_test.cc
@@ -31,19 +31,6 @@
 //
 // This file tests the built-in actions.
 
-// Silence C4100 (unreferenced formal parameter) and C4503 (decorated name
-// length exceeded) for MSVC.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4503)
-#if _MSC_VER == 1900
-// and silence C4800 (C4800: 'int *const ': forcing value
-// to bool 'true' or 'false') for MSVC 15
-#pragma warning(disable : 4800)
-#endif
-#endif
-
 #include "gmock/gmock-actions.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -59,6 +46,15 @@
 #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
+// Silence C4100 (unreferenced formal parameter) and C4503 (decorated name
+// length exceeded) for MSVC.
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4100 4503)
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER == 1900)
+// and silence C4800 (C4800: 'int *const ': forcing value
+// to bool 'true' or 'false') for MSVC 15
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4800)
+#endif
+
 namespace testing {
 namespace {
 
@@ -448,7 +444,7 @@
   EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<std::unique_ptr<int>>::Exists());
   EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<std::unique_ptr<int>>::Get() == nullptr);
   DefaultValue<std::unique_ptr<int>>::SetFactory(
-      [] { return std::unique_ptr<int>(new int(42)); });
+      [] { return std::make_unique<int>(42); });
   EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<std::unique_ptr<int>>::Exists());
   std::unique_ptr<int> i = DefaultValue<std::unique_ptr<int>>::Get();
   EXPECT_EQ(42, *i);
@@ -684,7 +680,7 @@
   // A reference wrapper for std::vector<int>, implicitly convertible from it.
   struct Result {
     const std::vector<int>* v;
-    Result(const std::vector<int>& v) : v(&v) {}  // NOLINT
+    Result(const std::vector<int>& vec) : v(&vec) {}  // NOLINT
   };
 
   // Set up an action for a mock function that returns the reference wrapper
@@ -717,7 +713,7 @@
   struct Out {
     int x;
 
-    explicit Out(const int x) : x(x) {}
+    explicit Out(const int val) : x(val) {}
     explicit Out(const In&) : x(0) {}
   };
 
@@ -1410,7 +1406,7 @@
       void operator()(Obj&&) const { FAIL() << "Unexpected call"; }
     };
 
-    MockFunction<void(Obj &&)> mock;
+    MockFunction<void(Obj&&)> mock;
     EXPECT_CALL(mock, Call)
         .WillOnce(DoAll(InitialAction{}, InitialAction{}, [](Obj&&) {}))
         .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(InitialAction{}, InitialAction{}, [](Obj&&) {}));
@@ -1438,7 +1434,7 @@
       void operator()(Obj&) && {}
     };
 
-    MockFunction<void(Obj &&)> mock;
+    MockFunction<void(Obj&&)> mock;
     EXPECT_CALL(mock, Call)
         .WillOnce(DoAll(InitialAction{}, InitialAction{}, [](Obj&&) {}));
 
@@ -1596,7 +1592,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(19, mock.AsStdFunction()(0, 17));
 }
 
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifndef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
 class SetErrnoAndReturnTest : public testing::Test {
  protected:
@@ -1755,9 +1751,7 @@
   delete c;
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<int> UniquePtrSource() {
-  return std::unique_ptr<int>(new int(19));
-}
+std::unique_ptr<int> UniquePtrSource() { return std::make_unique<int>(19); }
 
 std::vector<std::unique_ptr<int>> VectorUniquePtrSource() {
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<int>> out;
@@ -1806,7 +1800,7 @@
 
   // Check default value
   DefaultValue<std::unique_ptr<int>>::SetFactory(
-      [] { return std::unique_ptr<int>(new int(42)); });
+      [] { return std::make_unique<int>(42); });
   EXPECT_EQ(42, *mock.MakeUnique());
 
   EXPECT_CALL(mock, MakeUnique()).WillRepeatedly(Invoke(UniquePtrSource));
@@ -1826,7 +1820,7 @@
 
 TEST(MockMethodTest, CanTakeMoveOnlyValue) {
   MockClass mock;
-  auto make = [](int i) { return std::unique_ptr<int>(new int(i)); };
+  auto make = [](int i) { return std::make_unique<int>(i); };
 
   EXPECT_CALL(mock, TakeUnique(_)).WillRepeatedly([](std::unique_ptr<int> i) {
     return *i;
@@ -2057,9 +2051,7 @@
   }
 };
 
-std::unique_ptr<int> UniqueInt(int i) {
-  return std::unique_ptr<int>(new int(i));
-}
+std::unique_ptr<int> UniqueInt(int i) { return std::make_unique<int>(i); }
 
 TEST(FunctorActionTest, ActionFromFunction) {
   Action<int(int, int&, int*)> a = &Add;
@@ -2165,3 +2157,8 @@
 
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace testing
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER == 1900)
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4800
+#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4100 4503
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-function-mocker_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-function-mocker_test.cc
index 286115f..4db498d 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-function-mocker_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-function-mocker_test.cc
@@ -27,18 +27,15 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-// Silence C4503 (decorated name length exceeded) for MSVC.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4503)
-#endif
-
 // Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
 //
 // This file tests the function mocker classes.
 #include "gmock/gmock-function-mocker.h"
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+// Silence C4503 (decorated name length exceeded) for MSVC.
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4503)
+
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // MSDN says the header file to be included for STDMETHOD is BaseTyps.h but
 // we are getting compiler errors if we use basetyps.h, hence including
 // objbase.h for definition of STDMETHOD.
@@ -123,7 +120,7 @@
   virtual int RefQualifiedOverloaded() & = 0;
   virtual int RefQualifiedOverloaded() && = 0;
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   STDMETHOD_(int, CTNullary)() = 0;
   STDMETHOD_(bool, CTUnary)(int x) = 0;
   STDMETHOD_(int, CTDecimal)
@@ -137,10 +134,7 @@
 // significant in determining whether two virtual functions had the same
 // signature. This was fixed in Visual Studio 2008. However, the compiler
 // still emits a warning that alerts about this change in behavior.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4373)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4373)
 class MockFoo : public FooInterface {
  public:
   MockFoo() {}
@@ -184,7 +178,7 @@
   MOCK_METHOD(int (*)(bool), ReturnsFunctionPointer1, (int), ());
   MOCK_METHOD(fn_ptr, ReturnsFunctionPointer2, (int), ());
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   MOCK_METHOD(int, CTNullary, (), (Calltype(STDMETHODCALLTYPE)));
   MOCK_METHOD(bool, CTUnary, (int), (Calltype(STDMETHODCALLTYPE)));
   MOCK_METHOD(int, CTDecimal,
@@ -254,7 +248,7 @@
   MOCK_METHOD1(ReturnsFunctionPointer1, int (*(int))(bool));
   MOCK_METHOD1(ReturnsFunctionPointer2, fn_ptr(int));
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   MOCK_METHOD0_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, CTNullary, int());
   MOCK_METHOD1_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, CTUnary, bool(int));  // NOLINT
   MOCK_METHOD10_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, CTDecimal,
@@ -285,9 +279,7 @@
   LegacyMockFoo& operator=(const LegacyMockFoo&) = delete;
 };
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4373
 
 template <class T>
 class FunctionMockerTest : public testing::Test {
@@ -412,7 +404,7 @@
   EXPECT_TRUE(this->foo_->TypeWithTemplatedCopyCtor(TemplatedCopyable<int>()));
 }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // Tests mocking a nullary function with calltype.
 TYPED_TEST(FunctionMockerTest, MocksNullaryFunctionWithCallType) {
   EXPECT_CALL(this->mock_foo_, CTNullary())
@@ -628,7 +620,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(a_map, mock.ReturnTypeWithComma(1));
 }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // Tests mocking template interfaces with calltype.
 
 template <typename T>
@@ -958,6 +950,21 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(LegacyMockMethodSizes0), sizeof(MockMethodSizes0));
 }
 
+TEST(MockMethodMockFunctionTest, EnsureNoUnusedMemberFunction) {
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic error "-Wunused-member-function"
+#endif
+  // https://github.com/google/googletest/issues/4052
+  struct Foo {
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, foo, ());
+  };
+  EXPECT_CALL(Foo(), foo()).Times(0);
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+}
+
 void hasTwoParams(int, int);
 void MaybeThrows();
 void DoesntThrow() noexcept;
@@ -987,3 +994,5 @@
 
 }  // namespace gmock_function_mocker_test
 }  // namespace testing
+
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4503
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc
index 932bece..360d02a 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 #undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
 
-#if GTEST_OS_CYGWIN
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_CYGWIN
 #include <sys/types.h>  // For ssize_t. NOLINT
 #endif
 
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(kInteger, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(unsigned long long));  // NOLINT
   EXPECT_EQ(kInteger, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(wchar_t));             // NOLINT
   EXPECT_EQ(kInteger, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(size_t));              // NOLINT
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_LINUX) || defined(GTEST_OS_MAC) || defined(GTEST_OS_CYGWIN)
   // ssize_t is not defined on Windows and possibly some other OSes.
   EXPECT_EQ(kInteger, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(ssize_t));  // NOLINT
 #endif
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-arithmetic_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-arithmetic_test.cc
index a4c1def..2c5f4d0 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-arithmetic_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-arithmetic_test.cc
@@ -31,16 +31,14 @@
 //
 // This file tests some commonly used argument matchers.
 
-// Silence warning C4244: 'initializing': conversion from 'int' to 'short',
-// possible loss of data and C4100, unreferenced local parameter
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4244)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
-#endif
+#include <limits>
 
 #include "test/gmock-matchers_test.h"
 
+// Silence warning C4244: 'initializing': conversion from 'int' to 'short',
+// possible loss of data and C4100, unreferenced local parameter
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4244 4100)
+
 namespace testing {
 namespace gmock_matchers_test {
 namespace {
@@ -1037,7 +1035,7 @@
             Floating::ReinterpretBits(infinity_bits_ - max_ulps_)),
         further_from_infinity_(
             Floating::ReinterpretBits(infinity_bits_ - max_ulps_ - 1)),
-        max_(Floating::Max()),
+        max_(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::max()),
         nan1_(Floating::ReinterpretBits(Floating::kExponentBitMask | 1)),
         nan2_(Floating::ReinterpretBits(Floating::kExponentBitMask | 200)) {}
 
@@ -1512,6 +1510,4 @@
 }  // namespace gmock_matchers_test
 }  // namespace testing
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4244 4100
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-comparisons_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-comparisons_test.cc
index 0cf731f..b849990 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-comparisons_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-comparisons_test.cc
@@ -31,18 +31,16 @@
 //
 // This file tests some commonly used argument matchers.
 
-// Silence warning C4244: 'initializing': conversion from 'int' to 'short',
-// possible loss of data and C4100, unreferenced local parameter
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4244)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
-#endif
-
+#include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "test/gmock-matchers_test.h"
 
+// Silence warning C4244: 'initializing': conversion from 'int' to 'short',
+// possible loss of data and C4100, unreferenced local parameter
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4244 4100)
+
+
 namespace testing {
 namespace gmock_matchers_test {
 namespace {
@@ -864,7 +862,7 @@
 };
 
 TEST(TypedEqTest, HasSpecifiedType) {
-  // Verfies that the type of TypedEq<T>(v) is Matcher<T>.
+  // Verifies that the type of TypedEq<T>(v) is Matcher<T>.
   Type<Matcher<int>>::IsTypeOf(TypedEq<int>(5));
   Type<Matcher<double>>::IsTypeOf(TypedEq<double>(5));
 }
@@ -1530,7 +1528,7 @@
   EXPECT_THAT(p, Pair(25, "foo"));
   EXPECT_THAT(p, Pair(Ge(20), HasSubstr("o")));
 
-  // 'first' doesnt' match, but 'second' matches.
+  // 'first' doesn't match, but 'second' matches.
   EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Pair(42, "foo")));
   EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Pair(Lt(25), "foo")));
 
@@ -1545,7 +1543,7 @@
 
 TEST(PairTest, WorksWithMoveOnly) {
   pair<std::unique_ptr<int>, std::unique_ptr<int>> p;
-  p.second.reset(new int(7));
+  p.second = std::make_unique<int>(7);
   EXPECT_THAT(p, Pair(Eq(nullptr), Ne(nullptr)));
 }
 
@@ -1805,11 +1803,13 @@
   EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("invalid base64"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ="));  // hello world
   EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("aGVsbG8gd29ybGQh"));   // hello world!
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("+/-_IQ"));             // \xfb\xff\xbf!
 
   const Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = WhenBase64Unescaped(EndsWith("!"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("invalid base64"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ="));  // hello world
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("aGVsbG8gd29ybGQh"));   // hello world!
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("+/-_IQ"));             // \xfb\xff\xbf!
 
 #if GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
   const Matcher<const internal::StringView&> m3 =
@@ -1817,6 +1817,7 @@
   EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches("invalid base64"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches("aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ="));  // hello world
   EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches("aGVsbG8gd29ybGQh"));   // hello world!
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches("+/-_IQ"));             // \xfb\xff\xbf!
 #endif  // GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
 }
 
@@ -2354,6 +2355,4 @@
 }  // namespace gmock_matchers_test
 }  // namespace testing
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4244 4100
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-containers_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-containers_test.cc
index f50159f..c8d8ea3 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-containers_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-containers_test.cc
@@ -31,13 +31,11 @@
 //
 // This file tests some commonly used argument matchers.
 
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
 // Silence warning C4244: 'initializing': conversion from 'int' to 'short',
 // possible loss of data and C4100, unreferenced local parameter
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4244)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4244 4100)
 
 #include "test/gmock-matchers_test.h"
 
@@ -1182,8 +1180,8 @@
 
 TEST(SizeIsTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
   Matcher<vector<int>> m = SizeIs(2);
-  EXPECT_EQ("size is equal to 2", Describe(m));
-  EXPECT_EQ("size isn't equal to 2", DescribeNegation(m));
+  EXPECT_EQ("has a size that is equal to 2", Describe(m));
+  EXPECT_EQ("has a size that isn't equal to 2", DescribeNegation(m));
 }
 
 TEST(SizeIsTest, ExplainsResult) {
@@ -1826,8 +1824,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST(UnorderedElementsAreArrayTest, VectorBool) {
-  const bool a[] = {0, 1, 0, 1, 1};
-  const bool b[] = {1, 0, 1, 1, 0};
+  const bool a[] = {false, true, false, true, true};
+  const bool b[] = {true, false, true, true, false};
   std::vector<bool> expected(std::begin(a), std::end(a));
   std::vector<bool> actual(std::begin(b), std::end(b));
   StringMatchResultListener listener;
@@ -3124,6 +3122,4 @@
 }  // namespace gmock_matchers_test
 }  // namespace testing
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4244 4100
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-misc_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-misc_test.cc
index 53f4962..0c7aa49 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-misc_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-misc_test.cc
@@ -31,13 +31,11 @@
 //
 // This file tests some commonly used argument matchers.
 
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
 // Silence warning C4244: 'initializing': conversion from 'int' to 'short',
 // possible loss of data and C4100, unreferenced local parameter
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4244)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4244 4100)
 
 #include "test/gmock-matchers_test.h"
 
@@ -202,7 +200,7 @@
   EXPECT_THAT(nonnull_unique, Not(IsFalse()));
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
 // Tests ContainerEq with different container types, and
 // different element types.
 
@@ -863,7 +861,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(ArgsTest, AcceptsTwoTemplateArgs) {
-  const std::tuple<short, int, long> t(4, 5, 6L);  // NOLINT
+  const std::tuple<short, int, long> t(short{4}, 5, 6L);  // NOLINT
 
   EXPECT_THAT(t, (Args<0, 1>(Lt())));
   EXPECT_THAT(t, (Args<1, 2>(Lt())));
@@ -871,13 +869,13 @@
 }
 
 TEST(ArgsTest, AcceptsRepeatedTemplateArgs) {
-  const std::tuple<short, int, long> t(4, 5, 6L);  // NOLINT
+  const std::tuple<short, int, long> t(short{4}, 5, 6L);  // NOLINT
   EXPECT_THAT(t, (Args<0, 0>(Eq())));
   EXPECT_THAT(t, Not(Args<1, 1>(Ne())));
 }
 
 TEST(ArgsTest, AcceptsDecreasingTemplateArgs) {
-  const std::tuple<short, int, long> t(4, 5, 6L);  // NOLINT
+  const std::tuple<short, int, long> t(short{4}, 5, 6L);  // NOLINT
   EXPECT_THAT(t, (Args<2, 0>(Gt())));
   EXPECT_THAT(t, Not(Args<2, 1>(Lt())));
 }
@@ -892,7 +890,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(ArgsTest, CanBeNested) {
-  const std::tuple<short, int, long, int> t(4, 5, 6L, 6);  // NOLINT
+  const std::tuple<short, int, long, int> t(short{4}, 5, 6L, 6);  // NOLINT
   EXPECT_THAT(t, (Args<1, 2, 3>(Args<1, 2>(Eq()))));
   EXPECT_THAT(t, (Args<0, 1, 3>(Args<0, 2>(Lt()))));
 }
@@ -1615,6 +1613,20 @@
   EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(UniquePointee(2)));
 }
 
+MATCHER(EnsureNoUnusedButMarkedUnusedWarning, "") { return (arg % 2) == 0; }
+
+TEST(MockMethodMockFunctionTest, EnsureNoUnusedButMarkedUnusedWarning) {
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic error "-Wused-but-marked-unused"
+#endif
+  // https://github.com/google/googletest/issues/4055
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, EnsureNoUnusedButMarkedUnusedWarning());
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+}
+
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 // std::function<void()> is used below for compatibility with older copies of
@@ -1778,8 +1790,8 @@
   {
     Matcher<uint64_t> inner = Eq(10);
     Matcher<std::function<void()>> matcher = Throws<uint32_t>(inner);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(matcher.Matches([]() { throw(uint32_t) 10; }));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(matcher.Matches([]() { throw(uint32_t) 11; }));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(matcher.Matches([]() { throw (uint32_t)10; }));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(matcher.Matches([]() { throw (uint32_t)11; }));
   }
 }
 
@@ -1800,6 +1812,4 @@
 }  // namespace gmock_matchers_test
 }  // namespace testing
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4244 4100
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers_test.h b/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers_test.h
index 6c986e9..5695607 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers_test.h
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers_test.h
@@ -148,9 +148,9 @@
 };
 
 // Names and instantiates a new instance of GTestMatcherTestP.
-#define INSTANTIATE_GTEST_MATCHER_TEST_P(TestSuite)                         \
-  using TestSuite##P = GTestMatcherTestP;                                   \
-  INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(MatcherInterface, TestSuite##P, Values(false));  \
+#define INSTANTIATE_GTEST_MATCHER_TEST_P(TestSuite)                        \
+  using TestSuite##P = GTestMatcherTestP;                                  \
+  INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(MatcherInterface, TestSuite##P, Values(false)); \
   INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(GtestMatcher, TestSuite##P, Values(true))
 
 class GTestMatcherTestP : public testing::TestWithParam<bool> {
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-more-actions_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-more-actions_test.cc
index b9b66bf..866e1ab 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-more-actions_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-more-actions_test.cc
@@ -31,11 +31,6 @@
 //
 // This file tests the built-in actions in gmock-actions.h.
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4577)
-#endif
-
 #include "gmock/gmock-more-actions.h"
 
 #include <functional>
@@ -47,6 +42,8 @@
 #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4577)
+
 namespace testing {
 namespace gmock_more_actions_test {
 
@@ -982,11 +979,7 @@
 // is expanded and macro expansion cannot contain #pragma.  Therefore
 // we suppress them here.
 // Also suppress C4503 decorated name length exceeded, name was truncated
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4503)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4100 4503)
 // Tests the ACTION*() macro family.
 
 // Tests that ACTION() can define an action that doesn't reference the
@@ -1548,3 +1541,6 @@
 
 }  // namespace gmock_more_actions_test
 }  // namespace testing
+
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4100 4503
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4577
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc
index daa109d..d53196b 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc
@@ -739,11 +739,12 @@
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
       {  // NOLINT
         MockB b;
-        EXPECT_CALL(b, DoB(5)).Times(AtLeast(2));
+        EXPECT_CALL(b, DoB(5)).Description("DoB Method").Times(AtLeast(2));
 
         b.DoB(5);
       },
-      "Actual function call count doesn't match EXPECT_CALL(b, DoB(5))...\n"
+      "Actual function \"DoB Method\" call count "
+      "doesn't match EXPECT_CALL(b, DoB(5))...\n"
       "         Expected: to be called at least twice\n"
       "           Actual: called once - unsatisfied and active");
 }
@@ -1087,16 +1088,7 @@
 
   // Verifies that the failure message contains the two unsatisfied
   // pre-requisites but not the satisfied one.
-#if GTEST_USES_PCRE
-  EXPECT_THAT(
-      r.message(),
-      ContainsRegex(
-          // PCRE has trouble using (.|\n) to match any character, but
-          // supports the (?s) prefix for using . to match any character.
-          "(?s)the following immediate pre-requisites are not satisfied:\n"
-          ".*: pre-requisite #0\n"
-          ".*: pre-requisite #1"));
-#elif GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+#ifdef GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
   EXPECT_THAT(r.message(),
               ContainsRegex(
                   // POSIX RE doesn't understand the (?s) prefix, but has no
@@ -1111,7 +1103,7 @@
                   "the following immediate pre-requisites are not satisfied:"));
   EXPECT_THAT(r.message(), ContainsRegex(": pre-requisite #0"));
   EXPECT_THAT(r.message(), ContainsRegex(": pre-requisite #1"));
-#endif  // GTEST_USES_PCRE
+#endif  // GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
 
   b.DoB(1);
   b.DoB(3);
@@ -1148,10 +1140,11 @@
   // When there is no ON_CALL(), the default value for the return type
   // should be returned.
   MockB b;
-  EXPECT_CALL(b, DoB(0)).Times(0);
+  EXPECT_CALL(b, DoB(0)).Description("DoB Method").Times(0);
   int n = -1;
-  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(n = b.DoB(0),
-                          "Mock function called more times than expected");
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
+      n = b.DoB(0),
+      "Mock function \"DoB Method\" called more times than expected");
   EXPECT_EQ(0, n);
 }
 
@@ -1159,10 +1152,11 @@
 // the failure message contains the argument values.
 TEST(ExcessiveCallTest, GeneratesFailureForVoidFunction) {
   MockA a;
-  EXPECT_CALL(a, DoA(_)).Times(0);
+  EXPECT_CALL(a, DoA(_)).Description("DoA Method").Times(0);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
       a.DoA(9),
-      "Mock function called more times than expected - returning directly.\n"
+      "Mock function \"DoA Method\" called more times than expected - "
+      "returning directly.\n"
       "    Function call: DoA(9)\n"
       "         Expected: to be never called\n"
       "           Actual: called once - over-saturated and active");
@@ -1776,16 +1770,11 @@
 
 // Suppresses warning on unreferenced formal parameter in MSVC with
 // -W4.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4100)
 
 ACTION_P(Delete, ptr) { delete ptr; }
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4100
 
 TEST(DeletingMockEarlyTest, CanDeleteSelfInActionReturningVoid) {
   MockA* const a = new MockA;
@@ -2061,7 +2050,7 @@
         "See "
         "https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/main/docs/"
         "gmock_cook_book.md#"
-        "knowing-when-to-expect for details.";
+        "knowing-when-to-expect-useoncall for details.";
 
     // A void-returning function.
     CaptureStdout();
@@ -2599,14 +2588,7 @@
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace testing
 
-// Allows the user to define their own main and then invoke gmock_main
-// from it. This might be necessary on some platforms which require
-// specific setup and teardown.
-#if GMOCK_RENAME_MAIN
-int gmock_main(int argc, char** argv) {
-#else
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-#endif  // GMOCK_RENAME_MAIN
   testing::InitGoogleMock(&argc, argv);
   // Ensures that the tests pass no matter what value of
   // --gmock_catch_leaked_mocks and --gmock_verbose the user specifies.
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock_leak_test.py b/googlemock/test/gmock_leak_test.py
index 4f41c7b..8b02bc4 100755
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock_leak_test.py
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock_leak_test.py
@@ -54,50 +54,59 @@
   def testCatchesLeakedMockByDefault(self):
     self.assertNotEqual(
         0,
-        gmock_test_utils.Subprocess(TEST_WITH_EXPECT_CALL,
-                                    env=environ).exit_code)
+        gmock_test_utils.Subprocess(
+            TEST_WITH_EXPECT_CALL, env=environ
+        ).exit_code,
+    )
     self.assertNotEqual(
-        0,
-        gmock_test_utils.Subprocess(TEST_WITH_ON_CALL,
-                                    env=environ).exit_code)
+        0, gmock_test_utils.Subprocess(TEST_WITH_ON_CALL, env=environ).exit_code
+    )
 
   def testDoesNotCatchLeakedMockWhenDisabled(self):
-    self.assertEquals(
+    self.assertEqual(
         0,
-        gmock_test_utils.Subprocess(TEST_WITH_EXPECT_CALL +
-                                    ['--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks=0'],
-                                    env=environ).exit_code)
-    self.assertEquals(
+        gmock_test_utils.Subprocess(
+            TEST_WITH_EXPECT_CALL + ['--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks=0'],
+            env=environ,
+        ).exit_code,
+    )
+    self.assertEqual(
         0,
-        gmock_test_utils.Subprocess(TEST_WITH_ON_CALL +
-                                    ['--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks=0'],
-                                    env=environ).exit_code)
+        gmock_test_utils.Subprocess(
+            TEST_WITH_ON_CALL + ['--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks=0'], env=environ
+        ).exit_code,
+    )
 
   def testCatchesLeakedMockWhenEnabled(self):
     self.assertNotEqual(
         0,
-        gmock_test_utils.Subprocess(TEST_WITH_EXPECT_CALL +
-                                    ['--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks'],
-                                    env=environ).exit_code)
+        gmock_test_utils.Subprocess(
+            TEST_WITH_EXPECT_CALL + ['--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks'], env=environ
+        ).exit_code,
+    )
     self.assertNotEqual(
         0,
-        gmock_test_utils.Subprocess(TEST_WITH_ON_CALL +
-                                    ['--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks'],
-                                    env=environ).exit_code)
+        gmock_test_utils.Subprocess(
+            TEST_WITH_ON_CALL + ['--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks'], env=environ
+        ).exit_code,
+    )
 
   def testCatchesLeakedMockWhenEnabledWithExplictFlagValue(self):
     self.assertNotEqual(
         0,
-        gmock_test_utils.Subprocess(TEST_WITH_EXPECT_CALL +
-                                    ['--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks=1'],
-                                    env=environ).exit_code)
+        gmock_test_utils.Subprocess(
+            TEST_WITH_EXPECT_CALL + ['--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks=1'],
+            env=environ,
+        ).exit_code,
+    )
 
   def testCatchesMultipleLeakedMocks(self):
     self.assertNotEqual(
         0,
-        gmock_test_utils.Subprocess(TEST_MULTIPLE_LEAKS +
-                                    ['--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks'],
-                                    env=environ).exit_code)
+        gmock_test_utils.Subprocess(
+            TEST_MULTIPLE_LEAKS + ['--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks'], env=environ
+        ).exit_code,
+    )
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock_link_test.h b/googlemock/test/gmock_link_test.h
index eaf18e9..8d2abb1 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock_link_test.h
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock_link_test.h
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
 
 #include "gmock/gmock.h"
 
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifndef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 #include <errno.h>
 #endif
 
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
 using testing::WithArgs;
 using testing::WithoutArgs;
 
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifndef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 using testing::SetErrnoAndReturn;
 #endif
 
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@
   mock.VoidFromString(&ch);
 }
 
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifndef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
 // Tests the linkage of the SetErrnoAndReturn action.
 TEST(LinkTest, TestSetErrnoAndReturn) {
@@ -423,10 +423,7 @@
 // the macro definition, as the warnings are generated when the macro
 // is expanded and macro expansion cannot contain #pragma.  Therefore
 // we suppress them here.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4100)
 
 // Tests the linkage of actions created using ACTION macro.
 namespace {
@@ -459,9 +456,7 @@
 }
 }  // namespace
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4100
 
 TEST(LinkTest, TestActionP2Macro) {
   Mock mock;
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test.py b/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test.py
index 6b4ab90..7c24d68 100755
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test.py
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 
 """
 
-from io import open    # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin, g-importing-member
+from io import open  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin, g-importing-member
 import os
 import re
 import sys
@@ -159,15 +159,22 @@
     golden_file = open(GOLDEN_PATH, 'rb')
     golden = golden_file.read().decode('utf-8')
     golden_file.close()
+    # On Windows the repository might have been checked out with \r\n line
+    # endings, so normalize it here.
+    golden = ToUnixLineEnding(golden)
 
     # The normalized output should match the golden file.
     self.assertEqual(golden, output)
 
     # The raw output should contain 2 leaked mock object errors for
     # test GMockOutputTest.CatchesLeakedMocks.
-    self.assertEqual(['GMockOutputTest.CatchesLeakedMocks',
-                      'GMockOutputTest.CatchesLeakedMocks'],
-                     leaky_tests)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        [
+            'GMockOutputTest.CatchesLeakedMocks',
+            'GMockOutputTest.CatchesLeakedMocks',
+        ],
+        leaky_tests,
+    )
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_.cc
index a178691..ca5a646 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_.cc
@@ -33,15 +33,13 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 #include <string>
+#include <tuple>
 
 #include "gmock/gmock.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
 // Silence C4100 (unreferenced formal parameter)
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4100)
 
 using testing::_;
 using testing::AnyNumber;
@@ -257,12 +255,16 @@
 }
 
 MATCHER_P2(IsPair, first, second, "") {
-  return Value(arg.first, first) && Value(arg.second, second);
+  return Value(std::get<0>(arg), first) && Value(std::get<1>(arg), second);
 }
 
 TEST_F(GMockOutputTest, PrintsMatcher) {
   const testing::Matcher<int> m1 = Ge(48);
-  EXPECT_THAT((std::pair<int, bool>(42, true)), IsPair(m1, true));
+  // Explicitly using std::tuple instead of std::pair due to differences between
+  // MSVC and other compilers. std::pair is printed as
+  // "struct std::pair<int,bool>" when using MSVC vs "std::pair<int,bool>" with
+  // other compilers.
+  EXPECT_THAT((std::tuple<int, bool>(42, true)), IsPair(m1, true));
 }
 
 void TestCatchesLeakedMocksInAdHocTests() {
@@ -286,6 +288,4 @@
   return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
 }
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4100
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_golden.txt b/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_golden.txt
index 467fa20..a225644 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_golden.txt
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_golden.txt
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
            Actual: 1
          Expected: to be called once
            Actual: never called - unsatisfied and active
+
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.UnexpectedCall
 [ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.UnexpectedCallToVoidFunction
 unknown file: Failure
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@
            Actual: 1
          Expected: to be called once
            Actual: never called - unsatisfied and active
+
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.UnexpectedCallToVoidFunction
 [ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.ExcessiveCall
 FILE:#: Failure
@@ -61,6 +63,7 @@
           Returns: false
          Expected: to be called once
            Actual: called twice - over-saturated and active
+
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.ExcessiveCall
 [ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.ExcessiveCallToVoidFunction
 FILE:#: Failure
@@ -68,6 +71,7 @@
     Function call: Bar3(0, 1)
          Expected: to be called once
            Actual: called twice - over-saturated and active
+
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.ExcessiveCallToVoidFunction
 [ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.UninterestingCall
 
@@ -75,14 +79,14 @@
 Uninteresting mock function call - returning default value.
     Function call: Bar2(0, 1)
           Returns: false
-NOTE: You can safely ignore the above warning unless this call should not happen.  Do not suppress it by blindly adding an EXPECT_CALL() if you don't mean to enforce the call.  See https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/main/docs/gmock_cook_book.md#knowing-when-to-expect for details.
+NOTE: You can safely ignore the above warning unless this call should not happen.  Do not suppress it by blindly adding an EXPECT_CALL() if you don't mean to enforce the call.  See https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/main/docs/gmock_cook_book.md#knowing-when-to-expect-useoncall for details.
 [       OK ] GMockOutputTest.UninterestingCall
 [ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.UninterestingCallToVoidFunction
 
 GMOCK WARNING:
 Uninteresting mock function call - returning directly.
     Function call: Bar3(0, 1)
-NOTE: You can safely ignore the above warning unless this call should not happen.  Do not suppress it by blindly adding an EXPECT_CALL() if you don't mean to enforce the call.  See https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/main/docs/gmock_cook_book.md#knowing-when-to-expect for details.
+NOTE: You can safely ignore the above warning unless this call should not happen.  Do not suppress it by blindly adding an EXPECT_CALL() if you don't mean to enforce the call.  See https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/main/docs/gmock_cook_book.md#knowing-when-to-expect-useoncall for details.
 [       OK ] GMockOutputTest.UninterestingCallToVoidFunction
 [ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.RetiredExpectation
 unknown file: Failure
@@ -104,6 +108,7 @@
            Actual: 1
          Expected: to be called once
            Actual: never called - unsatisfied and active
+
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.RetiredExpectation
 [ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.UnsatisfiedPrerequisite
 unknown file: Failure
@@ -125,6 +130,7 @@
                    (end of pre-requisites)
          Expected: to be called once
            Actual: never called - unsatisfied and active
+
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.UnsatisfiedPrerequisite
 [ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.UnsatisfiedPrerequisites
 unknown file: Failure
@@ -147,6 +153,7 @@
                    (end of pre-requisites)
          Expected: to be called once
            Actual: never called - unsatisfied and active
+
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.UnsatisfiedPrerequisites
 [ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.UnsatisfiedWith
 FILE:#: Failure
@@ -154,16 +161,19 @@
     Expected args: are a pair where the first >= the second
          Expected: to be called once
            Actual: never called - unsatisfied and active
+
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.UnsatisfiedWith
 [ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.UnsatisfiedExpectation
 FILE:#: Failure
 Actual function call count doesn't match EXPECT_CALL(foo_, Bar2(0, _))...
          Expected: to be called twice
            Actual: called once - unsatisfied and active
+
 FILE:#: Failure
 Actual function call count doesn't match EXPECT_CALL(foo_, Bar(_, _, _))...
          Expected: to be called once
            Actual: never called - unsatisfied and active
+
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.UnsatisfiedExpectation
 [ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.MismatchArguments
 unknown file: Failure
@@ -180,6 +190,7 @@
            Actual: -0.1
          Expected: to be called once
            Actual: never called - unsatisfied and active
+
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.MismatchArguments
 [ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.MismatchWith
 unknown file: Failure
@@ -194,6 +205,7 @@
            Actual: don't match
          Expected: to be called once
            Actual: never called - unsatisfied and active
+
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.MismatchWith
 [ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.MismatchArgumentsAndWith
 unknown file: Failure
@@ -210,6 +222,7 @@
            Actual: don't match
          Expected: to be called once
            Actual: never called - unsatisfied and active
+
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.MismatchArgumentsAndWith
 [ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.UnexpectedCallWithDefaultAction
 unknown file: Failure
@@ -227,6 +240,7 @@
            Actual: 0
          Expected: to be called once
            Actual: never called - unsatisfied and active
+
 unknown file: Failure
 
 Unexpected mock function call - taking default action specified at:
@@ -242,6 +256,7 @@
            Actual: 0
          Expected: to be called once
            Actual: never called - unsatisfied and active
+
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.UnexpectedCallWithDefaultAction
 [ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.ExcessiveCallWithDefaultAction
 FILE:#: Failure
@@ -251,6 +266,7 @@
           Returns: true
          Expected: to be called once
            Actual: called twice - over-saturated and active
+
 FILE:#: Failure
 Mock function called more times than expected - taking default action specified at:
 FILE:#:
@@ -258,6 +274,7 @@
           Returns: false
          Expected: to be called once
            Actual: called twice - over-saturated and active
+
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.ExcessiveCallWithDefaultAction
 [ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.UninterestingCallWithDefaultAction
 
@@ -266,14 +283,14 @@
 FILE:#:
     Function call: Bar2(2, 2)
           Returns: true
-NOTE: You can safely ignore the above warning unless this call should not happen.  Do not suppress it by blindly adding an EXPECT_CALL() if you don't mean to enforce the call.  See https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/main/docs/gmock_cook_book.md#knowing-when-to-expect for details.
+NOTE: You can safely ignore the above warning unless this call should not happen.  Do not suppress it by blindly adding an EXPECT_CALL() if you don't mean to enforce the call.  See https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/main/docs/gmock_cook_book.md#knowing-when-to-expect-useoncall for details.
 
 GMOCK WARNING:
 Uninteresting mock function call - taking default action specified at:
 FILE:#:
     Function call: Bar2(1, 1)
           Returns: false
-NOTE: You can safely ignore the above warning unless this call should not happen.  Do not suppress it by blindly adding an EXPECT_CALL() if you don't mean to enforce the call.  See https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/main/docs/gmock_cook_book.md#knowing-when-to-expect for details.
+NOTE: You can safely ignore the above warning unless this call should not happen.  Do not suppress it by blindly adding an EXPECT_CALL() if you don't mean to enforce the call.  See https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/main/docs/gmock_cook_book.md#knowing-when-to-expect-useoncall for details.
 [       OK ] GMockOutputTest.UninterestingCallWithDefaultAction
 [ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.ExplicitActionsRunOutWithDefaultAction
 
@@ -290,9 +307,10 @@
 [       OK ] GMockOutputTest.CatchesLeakedMocks
 [ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.PrintsMatcher
 FILE:#: Failure
-Value of: (std::pair<int, bool>(42, true))
+Value of: (std::tuple<int, bool>(42, true))
 Expected: is pair (first: is >= 48, second: true)
-  Actual: (42, true) (of type std::pair<int, bool>)
+  Actual: (42, true)
+
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.PrintsMatcher
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.UnexpectedCall
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.UnexpectedCallToVoidFunction
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock_test_utils.py b/googlemock/test/gmock_test_utils.py
index d7bc097..edad1f7 100755
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock_test_utils.py
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock_test_utils.py
@@ -77,9 +77,6 @@
       return -1
 
 
-# Suppresses the "Invalid const name" lint complaint
-# pylint: disable-msg=C6409
-
 # Exposes utilities from gtest_test_utils.
 Subprocess = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess
 TestCase = gtest_test_utils.TestCase
@@ -87,8 +84,6 @@
 SetEnvVar = gtest_test_utils.SetEnvVar
 PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE_ENV_VAR = gtest_test_utils.PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE_ENV_VAR
 
-# pylint: enable-msg=C6409
-
 
 def Main():
   """Runs the unit test."""
diff --git a/googletest/CMakeLists.txt b/googletest/CMakeLists.txt
index aa00a5f..95bfa44 100644
--- a/googletest/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/googletest/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -125,6 +125,22 @@
 # aggressive about warnings.
 cxx_library(gtest "${cxx_strict}" src/gtest-all.cc)
 set_target_properties(gtest PROPERTIES VERSION ${GOOGLETEST_VERSION})
+if(GTEST_HAS_ABSL)
+  target_compile_definitions(gtest PUBLIC GTEST_HAS_ABSL=1)
+  target_link_libraries(gtest PUBLIC
+    absl::failure_signal_handler
+    absl::stacktrace
+    absl::symbolize
+    absl::flags_parse
+    absl::flags_reflection
+    absl::flags_usage
+    absl::strings
+    absl::any
+    absl::optional
+    absl::variant
+    re2::re2
+  )
+endif()
 cxx_library(gtest_main "${cxx_strict}" src/gtest_main.cc)
 set_target_properties(gtest_main PROPERTIES VERSION ${GOOGLETEST_VERSION})
 # If the CMake version supports it, attach header directory information
diff --git a/googletest/README.md b/googletest/README.md
index 75b3d52..995834e 100644
--- a/googletest/README.md
+++ b/googletest/README.md
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 with
 
 ```
-git clone https://github.com/google/googletest.git -b release-1.12.0
+git clone https://github.com/google/googletest.git -b v1.13.0
 cd googletest        # Main directory of the cloned repository.
 mkdir build          # Create a directory to hold the build output.
 cd build
@@ -152,11 +152,15 @@
 If GoogleTest doesn't correctly detect whether pthread is available in your
 environment, you can force it with
 
-    -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=1
+```
+-DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=1
+```
 
 or
 
-    -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
+```
+-DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
+```
 
 When GoogleTest uses pthread, you may need to add flags to your compiler and/or
 linker to select the pthread library, or you'll get link errors. If you use the
@@ -172,23 +176,27 @@
 
 To compile *gtest* as a shared library, add
 
-    -DGTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY=1
+```
+-DGTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY=1
+```
 
 to the compiler flags. You'll also need to tell the linker to produce a shared
 library instead - consult your linker's manual for how to do it.
 
 To compile your *tests* that use the gtest shared library, add
 
-    -DGTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY=1
+```
+-DGTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY=1
+```
 
 to the compiler flags.
 
 Note: while the above steps aren't technically necessary today when using some
 compilers (e.g. GCC), they may become necessary in the future, if we decide to
 improve the speed of loading the library (see
-<http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/Visibility> for details). Therefore you are recommended
-to always add the above flags when using GoogleTest as a shared library.
-Otherwise a future release of GoogleTest may break your build script.
+<https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/Visibility> for details). Therefore you are
+recommended to always add the above flags when using GoogleTest as a shared
+library. Otherwise a future release of GoogleTest may break your build script.
 
 ### Avoiding Macro Name Clashes
 
@@ -200,7 +208,9 @@
 Specifically, if both GoogleTest and some other code define macro FOO, you can
 add
 
-    -DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_FOO=1
+```
+-DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_FOO=1
+```
 
 to the compiler flags to tell GoogleTest to change the macro's name from `FOO`
 to `GTEST_FOO`. Currently `FOO` can be `ASSERT_EQ`, `ASSERT_FALSE`, `ASSERT_GE`,
@@ -208,10 +218,14 @@
 `EXPECT_FALSE`, `EXPECT_TRUE`, `FAIL`, `SUCCEED`, `TEST`, or `TEST_F`. For
 example, with `-DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST=1`, you'll need to write
 
-    GTEST_TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+```
+GTEST_TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+```
 
 instead of
 
-    TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+```
+TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+```
 
 in order to define a test.
diff --git a/googletest/cmake/internal_utils.cmake b/googletest/cmake/internal_utils.cmake
index 6f7fdc2..fa7da4e 100644
--- a/googletest/cmake/internal_utils.cmake
+++ b/googletest/cmake/internal_utils.cmake
@@ -16,13 +16,18 @@
   cmake_policy(SET CMP0054 NEW)
 endif (POLICY CMP0054)
 
+if (POLICY CMP0069)
+  cmake_policy(SET CMP0069 NEW)
+endif (POLICY CMP0069)
+
 # Tweaks CMake's default compiler/linker settings to suit Google Test's needs.
 #
 # This must be a macro(), as inside a function string() can only
 # update variables in the function scope.
 macro(fix_default_compiler_settings_)
-  if (MSVC)
-    # For MSVC, CMake sets certain flags to defaults we want to override.
+  if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC|Clang")
+    # For MSVC and Clang, CMake sets certain flags to defaults we want to
+    # override.
     # This replacement code is taken from sample in the CMake Wiki at
     # https://gitlab.kitware.com/cmake/community/wikis/FAQ#dynamic-replace.
     foreach (flag_var
@@ -39,6 +44,10 @@
         # on CRT DLLs being available. CMake always defaults to using shared
         # CRT libraries, so we override that default here.
         string(REPLACE "/MD" "-MT" ${flag_var} "${${flag_var}}")
+
+        # When using Ninja with Clang, static builds pass -D_DLL on Windows.
+        # This is incorrect and should not happen, so we fix that here.
+        string(REPLACE "-D_DLL" "" ${flag_var} "${${flag_var}}")
       endif()
 
       # We prefer more strict warning checking for building Google Test.
@@ -86,13 +95,13 @@
       set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -utf-8")
     endif()
   elseif (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
-    set(cxx_base_flags "-Wall -Wshadow -Wconversion")
+    set(cxx_base_flags "-Wall -Wshadow -Wconversion -Wundef")
     set(cxx_exception_flags "-fexceptions")
     set(cxx_no_exception_flags "-fno-exceptions")
     set(cxx_strict_flags "-W -Wpointer-arith -Wreturn-type -Wcast-qual -Wwrite-strings -Wswitch -Wunused-parameter -Wcast-align -Wchar-subscripts -Winline -Wredundant-decls")
     set(cxx_no_rtti_flags "-fno-rtti")
   elseif (CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX)
-    set(cxx_base_flags "-Wall -Wshadow")
+    set(cxx_base_flags "-Wall -Wshadow -Wundef")
     if(NOT CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_LESS 7.0.0)
       set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -Wno-error=dangling-else")
     endif()
@@ -254,10 +263,12 @@
 # Sets PYTHONINTERP_FOUND and PYTHON_EXECUTABLE.
 if ("${CMAKE_VERSION}" VERSION_LESS "3.12.0")
   find_package(PythonInterp)
+  set(PYTHONINTERP_FOUND ${PYTHONINTERP_FOUND} CACHE INTERNAL "")
+  set(PYTHON_EXECUTABLE ${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE} CACHE INTERNAL "")
 else()
   find_package(Python COMPONENTS Interpreter)
-  set(PYTHONINTERP_FOUND ${Python_Interpreter_FOUND})
-  set(PYTHON_EXECUTABLE ${Python_EXECUTABLE})
+  set(PYTHONINTERP_FOUND ${Python_Interpreter_FOUND} CACHE INTERNAL "")
+  set(PYTHON_EXECUTABLE ${Python_EXECUTABLE} CACHE INTERNAL "")
 endif()
 
 # cxx_test_with_flags(name cxx_flags libs srcs...)
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-assertion-result.h b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-assertion-result.h
index addbb59..62fbea6 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-assertion-result.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-assertion-result.h
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
   // assertion's expectation). When nothing has been streamed into the
   // object, returns an empty string.
   const char* message() const {
-    return message_.get() != nullptr ? message_->c_str() : "";
+    return message_ != nullptr ? message_->c_str() : "";
   }
   // Deprecated; please use message() instead.
   const char* failure_message() const { return message(); }
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@
  private:
   // Appends the contents of message to message_.
   void AppendMessage(const Message& a_message) {
-    if (message_.get() == nullptr) message_.reset(new ::std::string);
+    if (message_ == nullptr) message_.reset(new ::std::string);
     message_->append(a_message.GetString().c_str());
   }
 
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
index 84e5a5b..08fef8c 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 
 namespace testing {
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 namespace internal {
 
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
   const int exit_code_;
 };
 
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#if !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) && !defined(GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
 // Tests that an exit code describes an exit due to termination by a
 // given signal.
 class GTEST_API_ KilledBySignal {
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@
 // death tests are supported; otherwise they just issue a warning.  This is
 // useful when you are combining death test assertions with normal test
 // assertions in one test.
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 #define EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
   EXPECT_DEATH(statement, regex)
 #define ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-matchers.h b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-matchers.h
index 4a60b0d..d73d834 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-matchers.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-matchers.h
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #define GOOGLETEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MATCHERS_H_
 
 #include <atomic>
+#include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 #include <ostream>
 #include <string>
@@ -178,43 +179,6 @@
 
 namespace internal {
 
-struct AnyEq {
-  template <typename A, typename B>
-  bool operator()(const A& a, const B& b) const {
-    return a == b;
-  }
-};
-struct AnyNe {
-  template <typename A, typename B>
-  bool operator()(const A& a, const B& b) const {
-    return a != b;
-  }
-};
-struct AnyLt {
-  template <typename A, typename B>
-  bool operator()(const A& a, const B& b) const {
-    return a < b;
-  }
-};
-struct AnyGt {
-  template <typename A, typename B>
-  bool operator()(const A& a, const B& b) const {
-    return a > b;
-  }
-};
-struct AnyLe {
-  template <typename A, typename B>
-  bool operator()(const A& a, const B& b) const {
-    return a <= b;
-  }
-};
-struct AnyGe {
-  template <typename A, typename B>
-  bool operator()(const A& a, const B& b) const {
-    return a >= b;
-  }
-};
-
 // A match result listener that ignores the explanation.
 class DummyMatchResultListener : public MatchResultListener {
  public:
@@ -758,50 +722,53 @@
 };
 
 template <typename Rhs>
-class EqMatcher : public ComparisonBase<EqMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyEq> {
+class EqMatcher : public ComparisonBase<EqMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, std::equal_to<>> {
  public:
   explicit EqMatcher(const Rhs& rhs)
-      : ComparisonBase<EqMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyEq>(rhs) {}
+      : ComparisonBase<EqMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, std::equal_to<>>(rhs) {}
   static const char* Desc() { return "is equal to"; }
   static const char* NegatedDesc() { return "isn't equal to"; }
 };
 template <typename Rhs>
-class NeMatcher : public ComparisonBase<NeMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyNe> {
+class NeMatcher
+    : public ComparisonBase<NeMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, std::not_equal_to<>> {
  public:
   explicit NeMatcher(const Rhs& rhs)
-      : ComparisonBase<NeMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyNe>(rhs) {}
+      : ComparisonBase<NeMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, std::not_equal_to<>>(rhs) {}
   static const char* Desc() { return "isn't equal to"; }
   static const char* NegatedDesc() { return "is equal to"; }
 };
 template <typename Rhs>
-class LtMatcher : public ComparisonBase<LtMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyLt> {
+class LtMatcher : public ComparisonBase<LtMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, std::less<>> {
  public:
   explicit LtMatcher(const Rhs& rhs)
-      : ComparisonBase<LtMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyLt>(rhs) {}
+      : ComparisonBase<LtMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, std::less<>>(rhs) {}
   static const char* Desc() { return "is <"; }
   static const char* NegatedDesc() { return "isn't <"; }
 };
 template <typename Rhs>
-class GtMatcher : public ComparisonBase<GtMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyGt> {
+class GtMatcher : public ComparisonBase<GtMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, std::greater<>> {
  public:
   explicit GtMatcher(const Rhs& rhs)
-      : ComparisonBase<GtMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyGt>(rhs) {}
+      : ComparisonBase<GtMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, std::greater<>>(rhs) {}
   static const char* Desc() { return "is >"; }
   static const char* NegatedDesc() { return "isn't >"; }
 };
 template <typename Rhs>
-class LeMatcher : public ComparisonBase<LeMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyLe> {
+class LeMatcher
+    : public ComparisonBase<LeMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, std::less_equal<>> {
  public:
   explicit LeMatcher(const Rhs& rhs)
-      : ComparisonBase<LeMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyLe>(rhs) {}
+      : ComparisonBase<LeMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, std::less_equal<>>(rhs) {}
   static const char* Desc() { return "is <="; }
   static const char* NegatedDesc() { return "isn't <="; }
 };
 template <typename Rhs>
-class GeMatcher : public ComparisonBase<GeMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyGe> {
+class GeMatcher
+    : public ComparisonBase<GeMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, std::greater_equal<>> {
  public:
   explicit GeMatcher(const Rhs& rhs)
-      : ComparisonBase<GeMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, AnyGe>(rhs) {}
+      : ComparisonBase<GeMatcher<Rhs>, Rhs, std::greater_equal<>>(rhs) {}
   static const char* Desc() { return "is >="; }
   static const char* NegatedDesc() { return "isn't >="; }
 };
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
index 6c8bf90..4d4b152 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
@@ -50,7 +50,9 @@
 
 #include <limits>
 #include <memory>
+#include <ostream>
 #include <sstream>
+#include <string>
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
index b55119a..49a47ea 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
@@ -407,9 +407,50 @@
   return internal::CartesianProductHolder<Generator...>(g...);
 }
 
+// ConvertGenerator() wraps a parameter generator in order to cast each produced
+// value through a known type before supplying it to the test suite
+//
+// Synopsis:
+// ConvertGenerator<T>(gen)
+//   - returns a generator producing the same elements as generated by gen, but
+//     each element is static_cast to type T before being returned
+//
+// It is useful when using the Combine() function to get the generated
+// parameters in a custom type instead of std::tuple
+//
+// Example:
+//
+// This will instantiate tests in test suite AnimalTest each one with
+// the parameter values tuple("cat", BLACK), tuple("cat", WHITE),
+// tuple("dog", BLACK), and tuple("dog", WHITE):
+//
+// enum Color { BLACK, GRAY, WHITE };
+// struct ParamType {
+//   using TupleT = std::tuple<const char*, Color>;
+//   std::string animal;
+//   Color color;
+//   ParamType(TupleT t) : animal(std::get<0>(t)), color(std::get<1>(t)) {}
+// };
+// class AnimalTest
+//     : public testing::TestWithParam<ParamType> {...};
+//
+// TEST_P(AnimalTest, AnimalLooksNice) {...}
+//
+// INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(AnimalVariations, AnimalTest,
+//                          ConvertGenerator<ParamType::TupleT>(
+//                              Combine(Values("cat", "dog"),
+//                                      Values(BLACK, WHITE))));
+//
+template <typename T>
+internal::ParamConverterGenerator<T> ConvertGenerator(
+    internal::ParamGenerator<T> gen) {
+  return internal::ParamConverterGenerator<T>(gen);
+}
+
 #define TEST_P(test_suite_name, test_name)                                     \
   class GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_suite_name, test_name)                     \
-      : public test_suite_name {                                               \
+      : public test_suite_name,                                                \
+        private ::testing::internal::GTestNonCopyable {                        \
    public:                                                                     \
     GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_suite_name, test_name)() {}                    \
     void TestBody() override;                                                  \
@@ -429,11 +470,6 @@
       return 0;                                                                \
     }                                                                          \
     static int gtest_registering_dummy_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;               \
-    GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_suite_name, test_name)                         \
-    (const GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_suite_name, test_name) &) = delete;     \
-    GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_suite_name, test_name) & operator=(            \
-        const GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_suite_name,                          \
-                                     test_name) &) = delete; /* NOLINT */      \
   };                                                                           \
   int GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_suite_name,                                  \
                              test_name)::gtest_registering_dummy_ =            \
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
index 19c3e0b..539d99c 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <tuple>
 #include <type_traits>
+#include <typeinfo>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -210,8 +211,8 @@
   // ADL (possibly involving implicit conversions).
   // (Use SFINAE via return type, because it seems GCC < 12 doesn't handle name
   // lookup properly when we do it in the template parameter list.)
-  static auto PrintValue(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) 
-  -> decltype((void)(*os << value)) {
+  static auto PrintValue(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os)
+      -> decltype((void)(*os << value)) {
     // Call streaming operator found by ADL, possibly with implicit conversions
     // of the arguments.
     *os << value;
@@ -306,9 +307,10 @@
 void PrintWithFallback(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
   using Printer = typename FindFirstPrinter<
       T, void, ContainerPrinter, FunctionPointerPrinter, PointerPrinter,
+      ProtobufPrinter,
       internal_stream_operator_without_lexical_name_lookup::StreamPrinter,
-      ProtobufPrinter, ConvertibleToIntegerPrinter,
-      ConvertibleToStringViewPrinter, RawBytesPrinter, FallbackPrinter>::type;
+      ConvertibleToIntegerPrinter, ConvertibleToStringViewPrinter,
+      RawBytesPrinter, FallbackPrinter>::type;
   Printer::PrintValue(value, os);
 }
 
@@ -485,6 +487,87 @@
 GTEST_API_ void PrintTo(__int128_t v, ::std::ostream* os);
 #endif  // __SIZEOF_INT128__
 
+// The default resolution used to print floating-point values uses only
+// 6 digits, which can be confusing if a test compares two values whose
+// difference lies in the 7th digit.  So we'd like to print out numbers
+// in full precision.
+// However if the value is something simple like 1.1, full will print a
+// long string like 1.100000001 due to floating-point numbers not using
+// a base of 10.  This routiune returns an appropriate resolution for a
+// given floating-point number, that is, 6 if it will be accurate, or a
+// max_digits10 value (full precision) if it won't,  for values between
+// 0.0001 and one million.
+// It does this by computing what those digits would be (by multiplying
+// by an appropriate power of 10), then dividing by that power again to
+// see if gets the original value back.
+// A similar algorithm applies for values larger than one million; note
+// that for those values, we must divide to get a six-digit number, and
+// then multiply to possibly get the original value again.
+template <typename FloatType>
+int AppropriateResolution(FloatType val) {
+  int full = std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::max_digits10;
+  if (val < 0) val = -val;
+
+  if (val < 1000000) {
+    FloatType mulfor6 = 1e10;
+    if (val >= 100000.0) {  // 100,000 to 999,999
+      mulfor6 = 1.0;
+    } else if (val >= 10000.0) {
+      mulfor6 = 1e1;
+    } else if (val >= 1000.0) {
+      mulfor6 = 1e2;
+    } else if (val >= 100.0) {
+      mulfor6 = 1e3;
+    } else if (val >= 10.0) {
+      mulfor6 = 1e4;
+    } else if (val >= 1.0) {
+      mulfor6 = 1e5;
+    } else if (val >= 0.1) {
+      mulfor6 = 1e6;
+    } else if (val >= 0.01) {
+      mulfor6 = 1e7;
+    } else if (val >= 0.001) {
+      mulfor6 = 1e8;
+    } else if (val >= 0.0001) {
+      mulfor6 = 1e9;
+    }
+    if (static_cast<float>(static_cast<int32_t>(val * mulfor6 + 0.5)) /
+            mulfor6 ==
+        val)
+      return 6;
+  } else if (val < 1e10) {
+    FloatType divfor6 = 1.0;
+    if (val >= 1e9) {  // 1,000,000,000 to 9,999,999,999
+      divfor6 = 10000;
+    } else if (val >= 1e8) {  // 100,000,000 to 999,999,999
+      divfor6 = 1000;
+    } else if (val >= 1e7) {  // 10,000,000 to 99,999,999
+      divfor6 = 100;
+    } else if (val >= 1e6) {  // 1,000,000 to 9,999,999
+      divfor6 = 10;
+    }
+    if (static_cast<float>(static_cast<int32_t>(val / divfor6 + 0.5)) *
+            divfor6 ==
+        val)
+      return 6;
+  }
+  return full;
+}
+
+inline void PrintTo(float f, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  auto old_precision = os->precision();
+  os->precision(AppropriateResolution(f));
+  *os << f;
+  os->precision(old_precision);
+}
+
+inline void PrintTo(double d, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  auto old_precision = os->precision();
+  os->precision(AppropriateResolution(d));
+  *os << d;
+  os->precision(old_precision);
+}
+
 // Overloads for C strings.
 GTEST_API_ void PrintTo(const char* s, ::std::ostream* os);
 inline void PrintTo(char* s, ::std::ostream* os) {
@@ -775,7 +858,7 @@
  public:
   static void Print(const Variant<T...>& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
     *os << '(';
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_ABSL
     absl::visit(Visitor{os, value.index()}, value);
 #else
     std::visit(Visitor{os, value.index()}, value);
@@ -892,6 +975,13 @@
     UniversalPrint(value, os);
   }
 };
+template <typename T>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<std::reference_wrapper<T>> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(std::reference_wrapper<T> value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalTersePrinter<T>::Print(value.get(), os);
+  }
+};
 template <typename T, size_t N>
 class UniversalTersePrinter<T[N]> {
  public:
@@ -914,7 +1004,7 @@
 class UniversalTersePrinter<char*> : public UniversalTersePrinter<const char*> {
 };
 
-#ifdef __cpp_char8_t
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_char8_t
 template <>
 class UniversalTersePrinter<const char8_t*> {
  public:
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h
index bec8c48..c0613b6 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@
 #ifndef GOOGLETEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_SPI_H_
 #define GOOGLETEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_SPI_H_
 
+#include <string>
+
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
 GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4251 \
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h
index 09cc8c3..8290b4d 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@
 #define GOOGLETEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_TEST_PART_H_
 
 #include <iosfwd>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-typed-test.h b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-typed-test.h
index bd35a32..72de536 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-typed-test.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-typed-test.h
@@ -267,28 +267,28 @@
   TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P
 #endif  // GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
 
-#define TYPED_TEST_P(SuiteName, TestName)                             \
-  namespace GTEST_SUITE_NAMESPACE_(SuiteName) {                       \
-    template <typename gtest_TypeParam_>                              \
-    class TestName : public SuiteName<gtest_TypeParam_> {             \
-     private:                                                         \
-      typedef SuiteName<gtest_TypeParam_> TestFixture;                \
-      typedef gtest_TypeParam_ TypeParam;                             \
-      void TestBody() override;                                       \
-    };                                                                \
-    static bool gtest_##TestName##_defined_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
-        GTEST_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P_STATE_(SuiteName).AddTestName(       \
-            __FILE__, __LINE__, GTEST_STRINGIFY_(SuiteName),          \
-            GTEST_STRINGIFY_(TestName));                              \
-  }                                                                   \
-  template <typename gtest_TypeParam_>                                \
-  void GTEST_SUITE_NAMESPACE_(                                        \
+#define TYPED_TEST_P(SuiteName, TestName)                           \
+  namespace GTEST_SUITE_NAMESPACE_(SuiteName) {                     \
+  template <typename gtest_TypeParam_>                              \
+  class TestName : public SuiteName<gtest_TypeParam_> {             \
+   private:                                                         \
+    typedef SuiteName<gtest_TypeParam_> TestFixture;                \
+    typedef gtest_TypeParam_ TypeParam;                             \
+    void TestBody() override;                                       \
+  };                                                                \
+  static bool gtest_##TestName##_defined_ GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = \
+      GTEST_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P_STATE_(SuiteName).AddTestName(       \
+          __FILE__, __LINE__, GTEST_STRINGIFY_(SuiteName),          \
+          GTEST_STRINGIFY_(TestName));                              \
+  }                                                                 \
+  template <typename gtest_TypeParam_>                              \
+  void GTEST_SUITE_NAMESPACE_(                                      \
       SuiteName)::TestName<gtest_TypeParam_>::TestBody()
 
 // Note: this won't work correctly if the trailing arguments are macros.
 #define REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(SuiteName, ...)                         \
   namespace GTEST_SUITE_NAMESPACE_(SuiteName) {                             \
-    typedef ::testing::internal::Templates<__VA_ARGS__> gtest_AllTests_;    \
+  typedef ::testing::internal::Templates<__VA_ARGS__> gtest_AllTests_;      \
   }                                                                         \
   static const char* const GTEST_REGISTERED_TEST_NAMES_(                    \
       SuiteName) GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ =                                  \
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest.h b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest.h
index d19a587..e543826 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest.h
@@ -50,9 +50,14 @@
 #define GOOGLETEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
 
 #include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iomanip>
 #include <limits>
 #include <memory>
 #include <ostream>
+#include <set>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -161,11 +166,7 @@
 
 // Silence C4100 (unreferenced formal parameter) and 4805
 // unsafe mix of type 'const int' and type 'const bool'
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4805)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4805 4100)
 
 // The upper limit for valid stack trace depths.
 const int kMaxStackTraceDepth = 100;
@@ -190,6 +191,17 @@
                                     const std::string& message);
 std::set<std::string>* GetIgnoredParameterizedTestSuites();
 
+// A base class that prevents subclasses from being copyable.
+// We do this instead of using '= delete' so as to avoid triggering warnings
+// inside user code regarding any of our declarations.
+class GTestNonCopyable {
+ public:
+  GTestNonCopyable() = default;
+  GTestNonCopyable(const GTestNonCopyable&) = delete;
+  GTestNonCopyable& operator=(const GTestNonCopyable&) = delete;
+  ~GTestNonCopyable() = default;
+};
+
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // The friend relationship of some of these classes is cyclic.
@@ -285,7 +297,13 @@
   // SetUp/TearDown method of Environment objects registered with Google
   // Test) will be output as attributes of the <testsuites> element.
   static void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value);
-  static void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, int value);
+  // We do not define a custom serialization except for values that can be
+  // converted to int64_t, but other values could be logged in this way.
+  template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<T, int64_t>::value,
+                                         bool> = true>
+  static void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const T& value) {
+    RecordProperty(key, (Message() << value).GetString());
+  }
 
  protected:
   // Creates a Test object.
@@ -533,14 +551,14 @@
   // Returns the name of the parameter type, or NULL if this is not a typed
   // or a type-parameterized test.
   const char* type_param() const {
-    if (type_param_.get() != nullptr) return type_param_->c_str();
+    if (type_param_ != nullptr) return type_param_->c_str();
     return nullptr;
   }
 
   // Returns the text representation of the value parameter, or NULL if this
   // is not a value-parameterized test.
   const char* value_param() const {
-    if (value_param_.get() != nullptr) return value_param_->c_str();
+    if (value_param_ != nullptr) return value_param_->c_str();
     return nullptr;
   }
 
@@ -582,7 +600,7 @@
   const TestResult* result() const { return &result_; }
 
  private:
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   friend class internal::DefaultDeathTestFactory;
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   friend class Test;
@@ -679,7 +697,7 @@
   // Returns the name of the parameter type, or NULL if this is not a
   // type-parameterized test suite.
   const char* type_param() const {
-    if (type_param_.get() != nullptr) return type_param_->c_str();
+    if (type_param_ != nullptr) return type_param_->c_str();
     return nullptr;
   }
 
@@ -1625,7 +1643,7 @@
 // the GetParam() method.
 //
 // Use it with one of the parameter generator defining functions, like Range(),
-// Values(), ValuesIn(), Bool(), and Combine().
+// Values(), ValuesIn(), Bool(), Combine(), and ConvertGenerator<T>().
 //
 // class FooTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<int> {
 //  protected:
@@ -1723,13 +1741,13 @@
 #define GTEST_FAIL() GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE_("Failed")
 
 // Like GTEST_FAIL(), but at the given source file location.
-#define GTEST_FAIL_AT(file, line)         \
-  GTEST_MESSAGE_AT_(file, line, "Failed", \
-                    ::testing::TestPartResult::kFatalFailure)
+#define GTEST_FAIL_AT(file, line)                \
+  return GTEST_MESSAGE_AT_(file, line, "Failed", \
+                           ::testing::TestPartResult::kFatalFailure)
 
 // Define this macro to 1 to omit the definition of FAIL(), which is a
 // generic name and clashes with some other libraries.
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_FAIL
+#if !(defined(GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_FAIL) && GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_FAIL)
 #define FAIL() GTEST_FAIL()
 #endif
 
@@ -1738,7 +1756,7 @@
 
 // Define this macro to 1 to omit the definition of SUCCEED(), which
 // is a generic name and clashes with some other libraries.
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_SUCCEED
+#if !(defined(GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_SUCCEED) && GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_SUCCEED)
 #define SUCCEED() GTEST_SUCCEED()
 #endif
 
@@ -1782,19 +1800,19 @@
 // Define these macros to 1 to omit the definition of the corresponding
 // EXPECT or ASSERT, which clashes with some users' own code.
 
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_EXPECT_TRUE
+#if !(defined(GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_EXPECT_TRUE) && GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_EXPECT_TRUE)
 #define EXPECT_TRUE(condition) GTEST_EXPECT_TRUE(condition)
 #endif
 
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_EXPECT_FALSE
+#if !(defined(GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_EXPECT_FALSE) && GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_EXPECT_FALSE)
 #define EXPECT_FALSE(condition) GTEST_EXPECT_FALSE(condition)
 #endif
 
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_TRUE
+#if !(defined(GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_TRUE) && GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_TRUE)
 #define ASSERT_TRUE(condition) GTEST_ASSERT_TRUE(condition)
 #endif
 
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_FALSE
+#if !(defined(GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_FALSE) && GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_FALSE)
 #define ASSERT_FALSE(condition) GTEST_ASSERT_FALSE(condition)
 #endif
 
@@ -1873,27 +1891,27 @@
 // Define macro GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_XY to 1 to omit the definition of
 // ASSERT_XY(), which clashes with some users' own code.
 
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_EQ
+#if !(defined(GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_EQ) && GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_EQ)
 #define ASSERT_EQ(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_EQ(val1, val2)
 #endif
 
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_NE
+#if !(defined(GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_NE) && GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_NE)
 #define ASSERT_NE(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_NE(val1, val2)
 #endif
 
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_LE
+#if !(defined(GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_LE) && GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_LE)
 #define ASSERT_LE(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_LE(val1, val2)
 #endif
 
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_LT
+#if !(defined(GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_LT) && GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_LT)
 #define ASSERT_LT(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_LT(val1, val2)
 #endif
 
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_GE
+#if !(defined(GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_GE) && GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_GE)
 #define ASSERT_GE(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_GE(val1, val2)
 #endif
 
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_GT
+#if !(defined(GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_GT) && GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_ASSERT_GT)
 #define ASSERT_GT(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_GT(val1, val2)
 #endif
 
@@ -1981,7 +1999,7 @@
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult DoubleLE(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
                                     double val1, double val2);
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // Macros that test for HRESULT failure and success, these are only useful
 // on Windows, and rely on Windows SDK macros and APIs to compile.
@@ -2063,9 +2081,7 @@
 
   ScopedTrace(const ScopedTrace&) = delete;
   ScopedTrace& operator=(const ScopedTrace&) = delete;
-} GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;  // A ScopedTrace object does its job in its
-                            // c'tor and d'tor.  Therefore it doesn't
-                            // need to be used otherwise.
+};
 
 // Causes a trace (including the source file path, the current line
 // number, and the given message) to be included in every test failure
@@ -2153,7 +2169,7 @@
 
 // Define this macro to 1 to omit the definition of TEST(), which
 // is a generic name and clashes with some other libraries.
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST
+#if !(defined(GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST) && GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST)
 #define TEST(test_suite_name, test_name) GTEST_TEST(test_suite_name, test_name)
 #endif
 
@@ -2185,17 +2201,22 @@
 #define GTEST_TEST_F(test_fixture, test_name)        \
   GTEST_TEST_(test_fixture, test_name, test_fixture, \
               ::testing::internal::GetTypeId<test_fixture>())
-#if !GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST_F
+#if !(defined(GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST_F) && GTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST_F)
 #define TEST_F(test_fixture, test_name) GTEST_TEST_F(test_fixture, test_name)
 #endif
 
-// Returns a path to temporary directory.
-// Tries to determine an appropriate directory for the platform.
+// Returns a path to a temporary directory, which should be writable. It is
+// implementation-dependent whether or not the path is terminated by the
+// directory-separator character.
 GTEST_API_ std::string TempDir();
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif
+// Returns a path to a directory that contains ancillary data files that might
+// be used by tests. It is implementation dependent whether or not the path is
+// terminated by the directory-separator character. The directory and the files
+// in it should be considered read-only.
+GTEST_API_ std::string SrcDir();
+
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4805 4100
 
 // Dynamically registers a test with the framework.
 //
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
index 45580ae..522eed8 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 #include <memory>
+#include <string>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest-matchers.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@
 const char kDeathTestUseFork[] = "death_test_use_fork";
 const char kInternalRunDeathTestFlag[] = "internal_run_death_test";
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4251 \
 /* class A needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class B */)
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@
     DeathTest* const test_;
     ReturnSentinel(const ReturnSentinel&) = delete;
     ReturnSentinel& operator=(const ReturnSentinel&) = delete;
-  } GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;
+  };
 
   // An enumeration of possible roles that may be taken when a death
   // test is encountered.  EXECUTE means that the death test logic should
@@ -237,7 +238,7 @@
           }                                                                    \
           break;                                                               \
         case ::testing::internal::DeathTest::EXECUTE_TEST: {                   \
-          ::testing::internal::DeathTest::ReturnSentinel gtest_sentinel(       \
+          const ::testing::internal::DeathTest::ReturnSentinel gtest_sentinel( \
               gtest_dt);                                                       \
           GTEST_EXECUTE_DEATH_TEST_STATEMENT_(statement, gtest_dt);            \
           gtest_dt->Abort(::testing::internal::DeathTest::TEST_DID_NOT_DIE);   \
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h
index a2a60a9..5189c81 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h
@@ -42,11 +42,16 @@
 #ifndef GOOGLETEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_FILEPATH_H_
 #define GOOGLETEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_FILEPATH_H_
 
+#include <string>
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 
 GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4251 \
 /* class A needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class B */)
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
+
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
@@ -199,6 +204,16 @@
   // separators. Returns NULL if no path separator was found.
   const char* FindLastPathSeparator() const;
 
+  // Returns the length of the path root, including the directory separator at
+  // the end of the prefix. Returns zero by definition if the path is relative.
+  // Examples:
+  // - [Windows] "..\Sibling" => 0
+  // - [Windows] "\Windows" => 1
+  // - [Windows] "C:/Windows\Notepad.exe" => 3
+  // - [Windows] "\\Host\Share\C$/Windows" => 13
+  // - [UNIX] "/bin" => 1
+  size_t CalculateRootLength() const;
+
   std::string pathname_;
 };  // class FilePath
 
@@ -207,4 +222,6 @@
 
 GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  //  4251
 
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
+
 #endif  // GOOGLETEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_FILEPATH_H_
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
index e9c2441..ae2ca95 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_LINUX
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
 #include <set>
 #include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
@@ -306,9 +307,6 @@
   // Returns the floating-point number that represent positive infinity.
   static RawType Infinity() { return ReinterpretBits(kExponentBitMask); }
 
-  // Returns the maximum representable finite floating-point number.
-  static RawType Max();
-
   // Non-static methods
 
   // Returns the bits that represents this number.
@@ -389,17 +387,6 @@
   FloatingPointUnion u_;
 };
 
-// We cannot use std::numeric_limits<T>::max() as it clashes with the max()
-// macro defined by <windows.h>.
-template <>
-inline float FloatingPoint<float>::Max() {
-  return FLT_MAX;
-}
-template <>
-inline double FloatingPoint<double>::Max() {
-  return DBL_MAX;
-}
-
 // Typedefs the instances of the FloatingPoint template class that we
 // care to use.
 typedef FloatingPoint<float> Float;
@@ -470,7 +457,7 @@
   Test* CreateTest() override { return new TestClass; }
 };
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // Predicate-formatters for implementing the HRESULT checking macros
 // {ASSERT|EXPECT}_HRESULT_{SUCCEEDED|FAILED}
@@ -913,8 +900,10 @@
       HasDebugStringType::value && HasShortDebugStringType::value;
 };
 
+#ifdef GTEST_INTERNAL_NEED_REDUNDANT_CONSTEXPR_DECL
 template <typename T>
 constexpr bool HasDebugStringAndShortDebugString<T>::value;
+#endif
 
 // When the compiler sees expression IsContainerTest<C>(0), if C is an
 // STL-style container class, the first overload of IsContainerTest
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h
index e7af2f9..50435f5 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h
@@ -40,8 +40,11 @@
 
 #include <cassert>
 #include <iterator>
+#include <map>
 #include <memory>
+#include <ostream>
 #include <set>
+#include <string>
 #include <tuple>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
@@ -791,10 +794,7 @@
 namespace internal {
 // Used in the Values() function to provide polymorphic capabilities.
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4100)
 
 template <typename... Ts>
 class ValueArray {
@@ -815,9 +815,7 @@
   FlatTuple<Ts...> v_;
 };
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4100
 
 template <typename... T>
 class CartesianProductGenerator
@@ -950,6 +948,78 @@
   std::tuple<Gen...> generators_;
 };
 
+template <typename From, typename To>
+class ParamGeneratorConverter : public ParamGeneratorInterface<To> {
+ public:
+  ParamGeneratorConverter(ParamGenerator<From> gen)  // NOLINT
+      : generator_(std::move(gen)) {}
+
+  ParamIteratorInterface<To>* Begin() const override {
+    return new Iterator(this, generator_.begin(), generator_.end());
+  }
+  ParamIteratorInterface<To>* End() const override {
+    return new Iterator(this, generator_.end(), generator_.end());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  class Iterator : public ParamIteratorInterface<To> {
+   public:
+    Iterator(const ParamGeneratorInterface<To>* base, ParamIterator<From> it,
+             ParamIterator<From> end)
+        : base_(base), it_(it), end_(end) {
+      if (it_ != end_) value_ = std::make_shared<To>(static_cast<To>(*it_));
+    }
+    ~Iterator() override {}
+
+    const ParamGeneratorInterface<To>* BaseGenerator() const override {
+      return base_;
+    }
+    void Advance() override {
+      ++it_;
+      if (it_ != end_) value_ = std::make_shared<To>(static_cast<To>(*it_));
+    }
+    ParamIteratorInterface<To>* Clone() const override {
+      return new Iterator(*this);
+    }
+    const To* Current() const override { return value_.get(); }
+    bool Equals(const ParamIteratorInterface<To>& other) const override {
+      // Having the same base generator guarantees that the other
+      // iterator is of the same type and we can downcast.
+      GTEST_CHECK_(BaseGenerator() == other.BaseGenerator())
+          << "The program attempted to compare iterators "
+          << "from different generators." << std::endl;
+      const ParamIterator<From> other_it =
+          CheckedDowncastToActualType<const Iterator>(&other)->it_;
+      return it_ == other_it;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    Iterator(const Iterator& other) = default;
+
+    const ParamGeneratorInterface<To>* const base_;
+    ParamIterator<From> it_;
+    ParamIterator<From> end_;
+    std::shared_ptr<To> value_;
+  };  // class ParamGeneratorConverter::Iterator
+
+  ParamGenerator<From> generator_;
+};  // class ParamGeneratorConverter
+
+template <class Gen>
+class ParamConverterGenerator {
+ public:
+  ParamConverterGenerator(ParamGenerator<Gen> g)  // NOLINT
+      : generator_(std::move(g)) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {  // NOLINT
+    return ParamGenerator<T>(new ParamGeneratorConverter<Gen, T>(generator_));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  ParamGenerator<Gen> generator_;
+};
+
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h
index f025db7..0406460 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h
@@ -111,6 +111,8 @@
 #define GTEST_OS_ESP32 1
 #elif defined(__XTENSA__)
 #define GTEST_OS_XTENSA 1
+#elif defined(__hexagon__)
+#define GTEST_OS_QURT 1
 #endif  // __CYGWIN__
 
 #endif  // GOOGLETEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_ARCH_H_
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
index c9e1f32..656a261 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
@@ -83,6 +83,8 @@
 //   GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING    - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that
 //                              std::wstring does/doesn't work (Google Test can
 //                              be used where std::wstring is unavailable).
+//   GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM    - Define it to 1/0 to indicate whether or not a
+//                              file system is/isn't available.
 //   GTEST_HAS_SEH            - Define it to 1/0 to indicate whether the
 //                              compiler supports Microsoft's "Structured
 //                              Exception Handling".
@@ -159,10 +161,10 @@
 // NOT define them.
 //
 // These macros are public so that portable tests can be written.
-// Such tests typically surround code using a feature with an #if
+// Such tests typically surround code using a feature with an #ifdef
 // which controls that code.  For example:
 //
-// #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+// #ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 //   EXPECT_DEATH(DoSomethingDeadly());
 // #endif
 //
@@ -176,6 +178,7 @@
 //                            define themselves.
 //   GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE   - our own simple regex is used;
 //                            the above RE\b(s) are mutually exclusive.
+//   GTEST_HAS_ABSL         - Google Test is compiled with Abseil.
 
 // Misc public macros
 // ------------------
@@ -200,16 +203,25 @@
 //                                        is suppressed.
 //   GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_ANY - for enabling UniversalPrinter<std::any> or
 //                            UniversalPrinter<absl::any> specializations.
+//                            Always defined to 0 or 1.
 //   GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_OPTIONAL - for enabling UniversalPrinter<std::optional>
 //   or
 //                                 UniversalPrinter<absl::optional>
-//                                 specializations.
+//                                 specializations. Always defined to 0 or 1.
 //   GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW - for enabling Matcher<std::string_view> or
 //                                    Matcher<absl::string_view>
-//                                    specializations.
+//                                    specializations. Always defined to 0 or 1.
 //   GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_VARIANT - for enabling UniversalPrinter<std::variant> or
 //                                UniversalPrinter<absl::variant>
-//                                specializations.
+//                                specializations. Always defined to 0 or 1.
+//   GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_ - Always defined to 0 or 1.
+//   GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ - Always defined to 0 or 1.
+//   GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_ - Always defined to 0 or 1.
+//   GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_ - Always defined to 0 or 1.
+//   GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_ - Always defined to 0 or 1.
+//   GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_ - Always defined to 0 or 1.
+//   GTEST_HAS_DOWNCAST_ - Always defined to 0 or 1.
+//   GTEST_HAS_NOTIFICATION_- Always defined to 0 or 1.
 //
 // Synchronization:
 //   Mutex, MutexLock, ThreadLocal, GetThreadCount()
@@ -255,6 +267,19 @@
 //                                        deprecated; calling a marked function
 //                                        should generate a compiler warning
 
+// The definition of GTEST_INTERNAL_CPLUSPLUS_LANG comes first because it can
+// potentially be used as an #include guard.
+#if defined(_MSVC_LANG)
+#define GTEST_INTERNAL_CPLUSPLUS_LANG _MSVC_LANG
+#elif defined(__cplusplus)
+#define GTEST_INTERNAL_CPLUSPLUS_LANG __cplusplus
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_INTERNAL_CPLUSPLUS_LANG) || \
+    GTEST_INTERNAL_CPLUSPLUS_LANG < 201402L
+#error C++ versions less than C++14 are not supported.
+#endif
+
 #include <ctype.h>   // for isspace, etc
 #include <stddef.h>  // for ptrdiff_t
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -268,6 +293,7 @@
 #include <limits>
 #include <locale>
 #include <memory>
+#include <ostream>
 #include <string>
 // #include <mutex>  // Guarded by GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE below
 #include <tuple>
@@ -287,7 +313,19 @@
 #include "gtest/internal/custom/gtest-port.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h"
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_DOWNCAST_
+#define GTEST_HAS_DOWNCAST_ 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_
+#define GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_ 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_NOTIFICATION_
+#define GTEST_HAS_NOTIFICATION_ 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 #include "absl/flags/declare.h"
 #include "absl/flags/flag.h"
 #include "absl/flags/reflection.h"
@@ -345,13 +383,13 @@
 // Brings in definitions for functions used in the testing::internal::posix
 // namespace (read, write, close, chdir, isatty, stat). We do not currently
 // use them on Windows Mobile.
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifndef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 #include <direct.h>
 #include <io.h>
 #endif
 // In order to avoid having to include <windows.h>, use forward declaration
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW && !defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR)
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW) && !defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR)
 // MinGW defined _CRITICAL_SECTION and _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION as two
 // separate (equivalent) structs, instead of using typedef
 typedef struct _CRITICAL_SECTION GTEST_CRITICAL_SECTION;
@@ -361,7 +399,7 @@
 // WindowsTypesTest.CRITICAL_SECTIONIs_RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION.
 typedef struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION GTEST_CRITICAL_SECTION;
 #endif
-#elif GTEST_OS_XTENSA
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_XTENSA)
 #include <unistd.h>
 // Xtensa toolchains define strcasecmp in the string.h header instead of
 // strings.h. string.h is already included.
@@ -373,7 +411,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
 // Used to define __ANDROID_API__ matching the target NDK API level.
 #include <android/api-level.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif
@@ -381,16 +419,21 @@
 // Defines this to true if and only if Google Test can use POSIX regular
 // expressions.
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
 // On Android, <regex.h> is only available starting with Gingerbread.
 #define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (__ANDROID_API__ >= 9)
 #else
-#define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (!GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_XTENSA)
+#if !(defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) || defined(GTEST_OS_XTENSA) || \
+      defined(GTEST_OS_QURT))
+#define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE 1
+#else
+#define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE 0
 #endif
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
 #endif
 
 // Select the regular expression implementation.
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 // When using Abseil, RE2 is required.
 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
 #include "re2/re2.h"
@@ -426,8 +469,12 @@
 // cleanups prior to that. To reliably check for C++ exception availability with
 // clang, check for
 // __EXCEPTIONS && __has_feature(cxx_exceptions).
-#define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS (__EXCEPTIONS && __has_feature(cxx_exceptions))
-#elif defined(__GNUC__) && __EXCEPTIONS
+#if defined(__EXCEPTIONS) && __EXCEPTIONS && __has_feature(cxx_exceptions)
+#define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
+#else
+#define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 0
+#endif
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__EXCEPTIONS) && __EXCEPTIONS
 // gcc defines __EXCEPTIONS to 1 if and only if exceptions are enabled.
 #define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
 #elif defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
@@ -435,7 +482,7 @@
 // detecting whether they are enabled or not.  Therefore, we assume that
 // they are enabled unless the user tells us otherwise.
 #define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
-#elif defined(__IBMCPP__) && __EXCEPTIONS
+#elif defined(__IBMCPP__) && defined(__EXCEPTIONS) && __EXCEPTIONS
 // xlC defines __EXCEPTIONS to 1 if and only if exceptions are enabled.
 #define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
 #elif defined(__HP_aCC)
@@ -455,12 +502,21 @@
 // Cygwin 1.7 and below doesn't support ::std::wstring.
 // Solaris' libc++ doesn't support it either.  Android has
 // no support for it at least as recent as Froyo (2.2).
-#define GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING                                         \
-  (!(GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SOLARIS || \
-     GTEST_OS_HAIKU || GTEST_OS_ESP32 || GTEST_OS_ESP8266 || GTEST_OS_XTENSA))
-
+#if (!(defined(GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID) || defined(GTEST_OS_CYGWIN) || \
+       defined(GTEST_OS_SOLARIS) || defined(GTEST_OS_HAIKU) ||        \
+       defined(GTEST_OS_ESP32) || defined(GTEST_OS_ESP8266) ||        \
+       defined(GTEST_OS_XTENSA) || defined(GTEST_OS_QURT)))
+#define GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING 1
+#else
+#define GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING 0
+#endif
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
+// Most platforms support a file system.
+#define GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM 1
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
+
 // Determines whether RTTI is available.
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_RTTI
 // The user didn't tell us whether RTTI is enabled, so we need to
@@ -483,7 +539,8 @@
 // -frtti -fno-exceptions, the build fails at link time with undefined
 // references to __cxa_bad_typeid. Note sure if STL or toolchain bug,
 // so disable RTTI when detected.
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && defined(_STLPORT_MAJOR) && !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID) && defined(_STLPORT_MAJOR) && \
+    !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
 #define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
 #else
 #define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
@@ -531,11 +588,17 @@
 //
 // To disable threading support in Google Test, add -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
 // to your compiler flags.
-#define GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD                                                      \
-  (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_HPUX || GTEST_OS_QNX ||          \
-   GTEST_OS_FREEBSD || GTEST_OS_NACL || GTEST_OS_NETBSD || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA || \
-   GTEST_OS_DRAGONFLY || GTEST_OS_GNU_KFREEBSD || GTEST_OS_OPENBSD ||          \
-   GTEST_OS_HAIKU || GTEST_OS_GNU_HURD)
+#if (defined(GTEST_OS_LINUX) || defined(GTEST_OS_MAC) ||              \
+     defined(GTEST_OS_HPUX) || defined(GTEST_OS_QNX) ||               \
+     defined(GTEST_OS_FREEBSD) || defined(GTEST_OS_NACL) ||           \
+     defined(GTEST_OS_NETBSD) || defined(GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA) ||         \
+     defined(GTEST_OS_DRAGONFLY) || defined(GTEST_OS_GNU_KFREEBSD) || \
+     defined(GTEST_OS_OPENBSD) || defined(GTEST_OS_HAIKU) ||          \
+     defined(GTEST_OS_GNU_HURD))
+#define GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD 1
+#else
+#define GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD 0
+#endif
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
@@ -554,8 +617,8 @@
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_CLONE
 // The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
 
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX && !defined(__ia64__)
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_LINUX) && !defined(__ia64__)
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID)
 // On Android, clone() became available at different API levels for each 32-bit
 // architecture.
 #if defined(__LP64__) || (defined(__arm__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 9) || \
@@ -578,9 +641,12 @@
 // output correctness and to implement death tests.
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 // By default, we assume that stream redirection is supported on all
-// platforms except known mobile ones.
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || \
-    GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT || GTEST_OS_ESP8266 || GTEST_OS_XTENSA
+// platforms except known mobile / embedded ones. Also, if the port doesn't have
+// a file system, stream redirection is not supported.
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE) || defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE) || \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT) || defined(GTEST_OS_ESP8266) ||           \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_XTENSA) || defined(GTEST_OS_QURT) ||                  \
+    !GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 #define GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION 0
 #else
 #define GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION 1
@@ -589,14 +655,20 @@
 
 // Determines whether to support death tests.
 // pops up a dialog window that cannot be suppressed programmatically.
-#if (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SOLARIS ||             \
-     (GTEST_OS_MAC && !GTEST_OS_IOS) ||                                   \
-     (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP && _MSC_VER) || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW ||  \
-     GTEST_OS_AIX || GTEST_OS_HPUX || GTEST_OS_OPENBSD || GTEST_OS_QNX || \
-     GTEST_OS_FREEBSD || GTEST_OS_NETBSD || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA ||           \
-     GTEST_OS_DRAGONFLY || GTEST_OS_GNU_KFREEBSD || GTEST_OS_HAIKU ||     \
-     GTEST_OS_GNU_HURD)
+#if (defined(GTEST_OS_LINUX) || defined(GTEST_OS_CYGWIN) ||           \
+     defined(GTEST_OS_SOLARIS) ||                                     \
+     (defined(GTEST_OS_MAC) && !defined(GTEST_OS_IOS)) ||             \
+     (defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP) && _MSC_VER) ||               \
+     defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW) || defined(GTEST_OS_AIX) ||      \
+     defined(GTEST_OS_HPUX) || defined(GTEST_OS_OPENBSD) ||           \
+     defined(GTEST_OS_QNX) || defined(GTEST_OS_FREEBSD) ||            \
+     defined(GTEST_OS_NETBSD) || defined(GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA) ||         \
+     defined(GTEST_OS_DRAGONFLY) || defined(GTEST_OS_GNU_KFREEBSD) || \
+     defined(GTEST_OS_HAIKU) || defined(GTEST_OS_GNU_HURD))
+// Death tests require a file system to work properly.
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 #define GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST 1
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 #endif
 
 // Determines whether to support type-driven tests.
@@ -610,14 +682,21 @@
 #endif
 
 // Determines whether the system compiler uses UTF-16 for encoding wide strings.
-#define GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_ \
-  (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_AIX || GTEST_OS_OS2)
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) || defined(GTEST_OS_CYGWIN) || \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_AIX) || defined(GTEST_OS_OS2)
+#define GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_ 1
+#else
+#define GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_ 0
+#endif
 
 // Determines whether test results can be streamed to a socket.
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_GNU_KFREEBSD || GTEST_OS_DRAGONFLY || \
-    GTEST_OS_FREEBSD || GTEST_OS_NETBSD || GTEST_OS_OPENBSD ||       \
-    GTEST_OS_GNU_HURD
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_LINUX) || defined(GTEST_OS_GNU_KFREEBSD) || \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_DRAGONFLY) || defined(GTEST_OS_FREEBSD) ||  \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_NETBSD) || defined(GTEST_OS_OPENBSD) ||     \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_GNU_HURD) || defined(GTEST_OS_MAC)
 #define GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_ 1
+#else
+#define GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_ 0
 #endif
 
 // Defines some utility macros.
@@ -639,41 +718,53 @@
   default:  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
-// Use this annotation at the end of a struct/class definition to
-// prevent the compiler from optimizing away instances that are never
-// used.  This is useful when all interesting logic happens inside the
-// c'tor and / or d'tor.  Example:
+// GTEST_HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_
 //
-//   struct Foo {
-//     Foo() { ... }
-//   } GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;
+// A function-like feature checking macro that is a wrapper around
+// `__has_attribute`, which is defined by GCC 5+ and Clang and evaluates to a
+// nonzero constant integer if the attribute is supported or 0 if not.
 //
-// Also use it after a variable or parameter declaration to tell the
+// It evaluates to zero if `__has_attribute` is not defined by the compiler.
+//
+// GCC: https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-5/changes.html
+// Clang: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/LanguageExtensions.html
+#ifdef __has_attribute
+#define GTEST_HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_(x) __has_attribute(x)
+#else
+#define GTEST_HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_(x) 0
+#endif
+
+// GTEST_HAVE_FEATURE_
+//
+// A function-like feature checking macro that is a wrapper around
+// `__has_feature`.
+#ifdef __has_feature
+#define GTEST_HAVE_FEATURE_(x) __has_feature(x)
+#else
+#define GTEST_HAVE_FEATURE_(x) 0
+#endif
+
+// Use this annotation after a variable or parameter declaration to tell the
 // compiler the variable/parameter does not have to be used.
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(COMPILER_ICC)
+// Example:
+//
+//   GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ int foo = bar();
+#if GTEST_HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_(unused)
 #define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ __attribute__((unused))
-#elif defined(__clang__)
-#if __has_attribute(unused)
-#define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ __attribute__((unused))
-#endif
-#endif
-#ifndef GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
+#else
 #define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
 #endif
 
 // Use this annotation before a function that takes a printf format string.
-#if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)) && !defined(COMPILER_ICC)
-#if defined(__MINGW_PRINTF_FORMAT)
+#if GTEST_HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_(format) && defined(__MINGW_PRINTF_FORMAT)
 // MinGW has two different printf implementations. Ensure the format macro
 // matches the selected implementation. See
 // https://sourceforge.net/p/mingw-w64/wiki2/gnu%20printf/.
 #define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF_(string_index, first_to_check) \
-  __attribute__((                                             \
-      __format__(__MINGW_PRINTF_FORMAT, string_index, first_to_check)))
-#else
+  __attribute__((format(__MINGW_PRINTF_FORMAT, string_index, first_to_check)))
+#elif GTEST_HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_(format)
 #define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF_(string_index, first_to_check) \
-  __attribute__((__format__(__printf__, string_index, first_to_check)))
-#endif
+  __attribute__((format(printf, string_index, first_to_check)))
 #else
 #define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF_(string_index, first_to_check)
 #endif
@@ -683,11 +774,11 @@
 // following the argument list:
 //
 //   Sprocket* AllocateSprocket() GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_;
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(COMPILER_ICC)
+#if GTEST_HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_(warn_unused_result)
 #define GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_ __attribute__((warn_unused_result))
 #else
 #define GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_
-#endif  // __GNUC__ && !COMPILER_ICC
+#endif
 
 // MS C++ compiler emits warning when a conditional expression is compile time
 // constant. In some contexts this warning is false positive and needs to be
@@ -719,14 +810,16 @@
 
 #ifndef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
-#define GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE                                                 \
-  (GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_ ||                                     \
-   (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT) || \
-   GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD)
+#if (GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_ ||                              \
+     (defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE) && \
+      !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT)) ||                                \
+     GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD)
+#define GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE 1
+#endif
 
 #endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 // Some platforms don't support including these threading related headers.
 #include <condition_variable>  // NOLINT
 #include <mutex>               // NOLINT
@@ -743,7 +836,7 @@
 #elif GTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY
 #define GTEST_API_ __declspec(dllexport)
 #endif
-#elif __GNUC__ >= 4 || defined(__clang__)
+#elif GTEST_HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_(visibility)
 #define GTEST_API_ __attribute__((visibility("default")))
 #endif  // _MSC_VER
 
@@ -757,21 +850,18 @@
 #define GTEST_DEFAULT_DEATH_TEST_STYLE "fast"
 #endif  // GTEST_DEFAULT_DEATH_TEST_STYLE
 
-#ifdef __GNUC__
+#if GTEST_HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_(noinline)
 // Ask the compiler to never inline a given function.
 #define GTEST_NO_INLINE_ __attribute__((noinline))
 #else
 #define GTEST_NO_INLINE_
 #endif
 
-#if defined(__clang__)
-// Nested ifs to avoid triggering MSVC warning.
-#if __has_attribute(disable_tail_calls)
+#if GTEST_HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_(disable_tail_calls)
 // Ask the compiler not to perform tail call optimization inside
 // the marked function.
 #define GTEST_NO_TAIL_CALL_ __attribute__((disable_tail_calls))
-#endif
-#elif __GNUC__
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__NVCOMPILER)
 #define GTEST_NO_TAIL_CALL_ \
   __attribute__((optimize("no-optimize-sibling-calls")))
 #else
@@ -789,50 +879,35 @@
 
 // A function level attribute to disable checking for use of uninitialized
 // memory when built with MemorySanitizer.
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#if __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
+#if GTEST_HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_(no_sanitize_memory)
 #define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_ __attribute__((no_sanitize_memory))
 #else
 #define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
-#endif  // __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
-#else
-#define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
-#endif  // __clang__
+#endif
 
 // A function level attribute to disable AddressSanitizer instrumentation.
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+#if GTEST_HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_(no_sanitize_address)
 #define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_ \
   __attribute__((no_sanitize_address))
 #else
 #define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
-#endif  // __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
-#else
-#define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
-#endif  // __clang__
+#endif
 
 // A function level attribute to disable HWAddressSanitizer instrumentation.
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#if __has_feature(hwaddress_sanitizer)
+#if GTEST_HAVE_FEATURE_(hwaddress_sanitizer) && \
+    GTEST_HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_(no_sanitize)
 #define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_HWADDRESS_ \
   __attribute__((no_sanitize("hwaddress")))
 #else
 #define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_HWADDRESS_
-#endif  // __has_feature(hwaddress_sanitizer)
-#else
-#define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_HWADDRESS_
-#endif  // __clang__
+#endif
 
 // A function level attribute to disable ThreadSanitizer instrumentation.
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#if __has_feature(thread_sanitizer)
-#define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_ __attribute__((no_sanitize_thread))
+#if GTEST_HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_(no_sanitize_thread)
+#define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_ __attribute((no_sanitize_thread))
 #else
 #define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
-#endif  // __has_feature(thread_sanitizer)
-#else
-#define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
-#endif  // __clang__
+#endif
 
 namespace testing {
 
@@ -859,7 +934,7 @@
 
 // Defines RE.
 
-#if GTEST_USES_RE2
+#ifdef GTEST_USES_RE2
 
 // This is almost `using RE = ::RE2`, except it is copy-constructible, and it
 // needs to disambiguate the `std::string`, `absl::string_view`, and `const
@@ -884,7 +959,9 @@
   RE2 regex_;
 };
 
-#elif GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE || GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
+#elif defined(GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE) || defined(GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE)
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4251 \
+/* class A needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class B */)
 
 // A simple C++ wrapper for <regex.h>.  It uses the POSIX Extended
 // Regular Expression syntax.
@@ -901,7 +978,7 @@
   ~RE();
 
   // Returns the string representation of the regex.
-  const char* pattern() const { return pattern_; }
+  const char* pattern() const { return pattern_.c_str(); }
 
   // FullMatch(str, re) returns true if and only if regular expression re
   // matches the entire str.
@@ -919,21 +996,21 @@
 
  private:
   void Init(const char* regex);
-  const char* pattern_;
+  std::string pattern_;
   bool is_valid_;
 
-#if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+#ifdef GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
 
   regex_t full_regex_;     // For FullMatch().
   regex_t partial_regex_;  // For PartialMatch().
 
 #else  // GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
 
-  const char* full_pattern_;  // For FullMatch();
+  std::string full_pattern_;  // For FullMatch();
 
 #endif
 };
-
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4251
 #endif  // ::testing::internal::RE implementation
 
 // Formats a source file path and a line number as they would appear
@@ -1150,7 +1227,7 @@
 // All command line arguments.
 GTEST_API_ std::vector<std::string> GetArgvs();
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 std::vector<std::string> GetInjectableArgvs();
 // Deprecated: pass the args vector by value instead.
@@ -1161,9 +1238,9 @@
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 // Defines synchronization primitives.
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // Provides leak-safe Windows kernel handle ownership.
 // Used in death tests and in threading support.
 class GTEST_API_ AutoHandle {
@@ -1242,7 +1319,7 @@
 // On MinGW, we can have both GTEST_OS_WINDOWS and GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 // defined, but we don't want to use MinGW's pthreads implementation, which
 // has conformance problems with some versions of the POSIX standard.
-#if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
+#if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW)
 
 // As a C-function, ThreadFuncWithCLinkage cannot be templated itself.
 // Consequently, it cannot select a correct instantiation of ThreadWithParam
@@ -1328,7 +1405,8 @@
 // Mutex and ThreadLocal have already been imported into the namespace.
 // Nothing to do here.
 
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE) && \
+    !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT)
 
 // Mutex implements mutex on Windows platforms.  It is used in conjunction
 // with class MutexLock:
@@ -1881,7 +1959,7 @@
 // we cannot detect it.
 GTEST_API_ size_t GetThreadCount();
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 #define GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "\\"
 #define GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_ 1
 #else
@@ -1956,32 +2034,13 @@
 
 namespace posix {
 
-// Functions with a different name on Windows.
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+// File system porting.
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 typedef struct _stat StatStruct;
 
-#ifdef __BORLANDC__
-inline int DoIsATTY(int fd) { return isatty(fd); }
-inline int StrCaseCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
-  return stricmp(s1, s2);
-}
-inline char* StrDup(const char* src) { return strdup(src); }
-#else  // !__BORLANDC__
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_ZOS || GTEST_OS_IOS || \
-    GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT || defined(ESP_PLATFORM)
-inline int DoIsATTY(int /* fd */) { return 0; }
-#else
-inline int DoIsATTY(int fd) { return _isatty(fd); }
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-inline int StrCaseCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
-  return _stricmp(s1, s2);
-}
-inline char* StrDup(const char* src) { return _strdup(src); }
-#endif  // __BORLANDC__
-
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 inline int FileNo(FILE* file) { return reinterpret_cast<int>(_fileno(file)); }
 // Stat(), RmDir(), and IsDir() are not needed on Windows CE at this
 // time and thus not defined there.
@@ -1992,19 +2051,14 @@
 inline bool IsDir(const StatStruct& st) { return (_S_IFDIR & st.st_mode) != 0; }
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
-#elif GTEST_OS_ESP8266
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_ESP8266)
 typedef struct stat StatStruct;
 
 inline int FileNo(FILE* file) { return fileno(file); }
-inline int DoIsATTY(int fd) { return isatty(fd); }
 inline int Stat(const char* path, StatStruct* buf) {
   // stat function not implemented on ESP8266
   return 0;
 }
-inline int StrCaseCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
-  return strcasecmp(s1, s2);
-}
-inline char* StrDup(const char* src) { return strdup(src); }
 inline int RmDir(const char* dir) { return rmdir(dir); }
 inline bool IsDir(const StatStruct& st) { return S_ISDIR(st.st_mode); }
 
@@ -2013,14 +2067,46 @@
 typedef struct stat StatStruct;
 
 inline int FileNo(FILE* file) { return fileno(file); }
-inline int DoIsATTY(int fd) { return isatty(fd); }
 inline int Stat(const char* path, StatStruct* buf) { return stat(path, buf); }
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_QURT
+// QuRT doesn't support any directory functions, including rmdir
+inline int RmDir(const char*) { return 0; }
+#else
+inline int RmDir(const char* dir) { return rmdir(dir); }
+#endif
+inline bool IsDir(const StatStruct& st) { return S_ISDIR(st.st_mode); }
+
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
+
+// Other functions with a different name on Windows.
+
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+#ifdef __BORLANDC__
+inline int DoIsATTY(int fd) { return isatty(fd); }
+inline int StrCaseCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
+  return stricmp(s1, s2);
+}
+#else  // !__BORLANDC__
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE) || defined(GTEST_OS_ZOS) || \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_IOS) || defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE) ||  \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT) || defined(ESP_PLATFORM)
+inline int DoIsATTY(int /* fd */) { return 0; }
+#else
+inline int DoIsATTY(int fd) { return _isatty(fd); }
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+inline int StrCaseCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
+  return _stricmp(s1, s2);
+}
+#endif  // __BORLANDC__
+
+#else
+
+inline int DoIsATTY(int fd) { return isatty(fd); }
 inline int StrCaseCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
   return strcasecmp(s1, s2);
 }
-inline char* StrDup(const char* src) { return strdup(src); }
-inline int RmDir(const char* dir) { return rmdir(dir); }
-inline bool IsDir(const StatStruct& st) { return S_ISDIR(st.st_mode); }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
@@ -2042,13 +2128,14 @@
 // ChDir(), FReopen(), FDOpen(), Read(), Write(), Close(), and
 // StrError() aren't needed on Windows CE at this time and thus not
 // defined there.
-
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && \
-    !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT && !GTEST_OS_ESP8266 && !GTEST_OS_XTENSA
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
+#if !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE) && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE) && \
+    !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT) && !defined(GTEST_OS_ESP8266) &&           \
+    !defined(GTEST_OS_XTENSA) && !defined(GTEST_OS_QURT)
 inline int ChDir(const char* dir) { return chdir(dir); }
 #endif
 inline FILE* FOpen(const char* path, const char* mode) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW)
   struct wchar_codecvt : public std::codecvt<wchar_t, char, std::mbstate_t> {};
   std::wstring_convert<wchar_codecvt> converter;
   std::wstring wide_path = converter.from_bytes(path);
@@ -2058,14 +2145,14 @@
   return fopen(path, mode);
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
 }
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE) && !defined(GTEST_OS_QURT)
 inline FILE* FReopen(const char* path, const char* mode, FILE* stream) {
   return freopen(path, mode, stream);
 }
 inline FILE* FDOpen(int fd, const char* mode) { return fdopen(fd, mode); }
-#endif
+#endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_QURT
 inline int FClose(FILE* fp) { return fclose(fp); }
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE) && !defined(GTEST_OS_QURT)
 inline int Read(int fd, void* buf, unsigned int count) {
   return static_cast<int>(read(fd, buf, count));
 }
@@ -2073,11 +2160,17 @@
   return static_cast<int>(write(fd, buf, count));
 }
 inline int Close(int fd) { return close(fd); }
+#endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_QURT
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE) && !defined(GTEST_OS_QURT)
 inline const char* StrError(int errnum) { return strerror(errnum); }
-#endif
+#endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_QURT
+
 inline const char* GetEnv(const char* name) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || \
-    GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT || GTEST_OS_ESP8266 || GTEST_OS_XTENSA
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE) || defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE) || \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_ESP8266) || defined(GTEST_OS_XTENSA) ||               \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_QURT)
   // We are on an embedded platform, which has no environment variables.
   static_cast<void>(name);  // To prevent 'unused argument' warning.
   return nullptr;
@@ -2093,7 +2186,7 @@
 
 GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_POP_()
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Windows CE has no C library. The abort() function is used in
 // several places in Google Test. This implementation provides a reasonable
 // imitation of standard behaviour.
@@ -2109,7 +2202,7 @@
 // MSVC-based platforms.  We map the GTEST_SNPRINTF_ macro to the appropriate
 // function in order to achieve that.  We use macro definition here because
 // snprintf is a variadic function.
-#if _MSC_VER && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE)
 // MSVC 2005 and above support variadic macros.
 #define GTEST_SNPRINTF_(buffer, size, format, ...) \
   _snprintf_s(buffer, size, size, format, __VA_ARGS__)
@@ -2182,7 +2275,7 @@
 #endif  // !defined(GTEST_FLAG)
 
 // Pick a command line flags implementation.
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 
 // Macros for defining flags.
 #define GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(name, default_val, doc) \
@@ -2293,7 +2386,7 @@
 
 #endif  // !defined(GTEST_INTERNAL_DEPRECATED)
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 // Always use absl::any for UniversalPrinter<> specializations if googletest
 // is built with absl support.
 #define GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_ANY 1
@@ -2305,7 +2398,8 @@
 }  // namespace testing
 #else
 #ifdef __has_include
-#if __has_include(<any>) && __cplusplus >= 201703L
+#if __has_include(<any>) && __cplusplus >= 201703L && \
+    (!defined(_MSC_VER) || GTEST_HAS_RTTI)
 // Otherwise for C++17 and higher use std::any for UniversalPrinter<>
 // specializations.
 #define GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_ANY 1
@@ -2321,7 +2415,11 @@
 #endif  // __has_include
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#ifndef GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_ANY
+#define GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_ANY 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 // Always use absl::optional for UniversalPrinter<> specializations if
 // googletest is built with absl support.
 #define GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_OPTIONAL 1
@@ -2353,7 +2451,11 @@
 #endif  // __has_include
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#ifndef GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_OPTIONAL
+#define GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_OPTIONAL 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 // Always use absl::string_view for Matcher<> specializations if googletest
 // is built with absl support.
 #define GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW 1
@@ -2381,7 +2483,11 @@
 #endif  // __has_include
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#ifndef GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+#define GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_STRING_VIEW 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 // Always use absl::variant for UniversalPrinter<> specializations if googletest
 // is built with absl support.
 #define GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_VARIANT 1
@@ -2410,4 +2516,13 @@
 #endif  // __has_include
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 
+#ifndef GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_VARIANT
+#define GTEST_INTERNAL_HAS_VARIANT 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined(GTEST_INTERNAL_CPLUSPLUS_LANG) && \
+    GTEST_INTERNAL_CPLUSPLUS_LANG < 201703L
+#define GTEST_INTERNAL_NEED_REDUNDANT_CONSTEXPR_DECL 1
+#endif
+
 #endif  // GOOGLETEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
index cca2e1f..7c05b58 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@
   // memory using malloc().
   static const char* CloneCString(const char* c_str);
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
   // Windows CE does not have the 'ANSI' versions of Win32 APIs. To be
   // able to pass strings to Win32 APIs on CE we need to convert them
   // to 'Unicode', UTF-16.
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h
index 6bc02a7..17a470b 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h
@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@
 #ifndef GOOGLETEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
 #define GOOGLETEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
 
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <typeinfo>
+
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
 // #ifdef __GNUC__ is too general here.  It is possible to use gcc without using
diff --git a/googletest/samples/prime_tables.h b/googletest/samples/prime_tables.h
index 7c0286e..08ad949 100644
--- a/googletest/samples/prime_tables.h
+++ b/googletest/samples/prime_tables.h
@@ -78,8 +78,9 @@
  public:
   // 'max' specifies the maximum number the prime table holds.
   explicit PreCalculatedPrimeTable(int max)
-      : is_prime_size_(max + 1), is_prime_(new bool[max + 1]) {
-    CalculatePrimesUpTo(max);
+      : is_prime_size_(std::max(1, max + 1)),
+        is_prime_(new bool[static_cast<size_t>(is_prime_size_)]) {
+    CalculatePrimesUpTo(is_prime_size_ - 1);
   }
   ~PreCalculatedPrimeTable() override { delete[] is_prime_; }
 
diff --git a/googletest/samples/sample10_unittest.cc b/googletest/samples/sample10_unittest.cc
index 95b4811..2107954 100644
--- a/googletest/samples/sample10_unittest.cc
+++ b/googletest/samples/sample10_unittest.cc
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@
 using ::testing::Test;
 using ::testing::TestEventListeners;
 using ::testing::TestInfo;
-using ::testing::TestPartResult;
 using ::testing::UnitTest;
 
 namespace {
diff --git a/googletest/samples/sample9_unittest.cc b/googletest/samples/sample9_unittest.cc
index d627ea7..0a2f097 100644
--- a/googletest/samples/sample9_unittest.cc
+++ b/googletest/samples/sample9_unittest.cc
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@
 using ::testing::TestEventListeners;
 using ::testing::TestInfo;
 using ::testing::TestPartResult;
-using ::testing::TestSuite;
 using ::testing::UnitTest;
 namespace {
 // Provides alternative output mode which produces minimal amount of
diff --git a/googletest/src/gtest-assertion-result.cc b/googletest/src/gtest-assertion-result.cc
index f1c0b10..3998921 100644
--- a/googletest/src/gtest-assertion-result.cc
+++ b/googletest/src/gtest-assertion-result.cc
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 // Used in EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(assertion_result).
 AssertionResult::AssertionResult(const AssertionResult& other)
     : success_(other.success_),
-      message_(other.message_.get() != nullptr
+      message_(other.message_ != nullptr
                    ? new ::std::string(*other.message_)
                    : static_cast< ::std::string*>(nullptr)) {}
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
 // Returns the assertion's negation. Used with EXPECT/ASSERT_FALSE.
 AssertionResult AssertionResult::operator!() const {
   AssertionResult negation(!success_);
-  if (message_.get() != nullptr) negation << *message_;
+  if (message_ != nullptr) negation << *message_;
   return negation;
 }
 
diff --git a/googletest/src/gtest-death-test.cc b/googletest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
index b6968a9..0b87ba5 100644
--- a/googletest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
+++ b/googletest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
@@ -33,14 +33,16 @@
 #include "gtest/gtest-death-test.h"
 
 #include <functional>
+#include <memory>
 #include <utility>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "gtest/internal/custom/gtest.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
-#if GTEST_OS_MAC
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_MAC
 #include <crt_externs.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
 
@@ -48,24 +50,24 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_LINUX
 #include <signal.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
 #include <stdarg.h>
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 #include <windows.h>
 #else
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
-#if GTEST_OS_QNX
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_QNX
 #include <spawn.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
 
-#if GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
 #include <lib/fdio/fd.h>
 #include <lib/fdio/io.h>
 #include <lib/fdio/spawn.h>
@@ -131,13 +133,13 @@
 
 namespace testing {
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 namespace internal {
 
 // Valid only for fast death tests. Indicates the code is running in the
 // child process of a fast style death test.
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#if !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) && !defined(GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
 static bool g_in_fast_death_test_child = false;
 #endif
 
@@ -147,7 +149,7 @@
 // tests.  IMPORTANT: This is an internal utility.  Using it may break the
 // implementation of death tests.  User code MUST NOT use it.
 bool InDeathTestChild() {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) || defined(GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
 
   // On Windows and Fuchsia, death tests are thread-safe regardless of the value
   // of the death_test_style flag.
@@ -169,7 +171,7 @@
 
 // ExitedWithCode function-call operator.
 bool ExitedWithCode::operator()(int exit_status) const {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) || defined(GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
 
   return exit_status == exit_code_;
 
@@ -180,7 +182,7 @@
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
 }
 
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#if !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) && !defined(GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
 // KilledBySignal constructor.
 KilledBySignal::KilledBySignal(int signum) : signum_(signum) {}
 
@@ -207,7 +209,7 @@
 static std::string ExitSummary(int exit_code) {
   Message m;
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) || defined(GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
 
   m << "Exited with exit status " << exit_code;
 
@@ -234,7 +236,7 @@
   return !ExitedWithCode(0)(exit_status);
 }
 
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#if !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) && !defined(GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
 // Generates a textual failure message when a death test finds more than
 // one thread running, or cannot determine the number of threads, prior
 // to executing the given statement.  It is the responsibility of the
@@ -263,7 +265,7 @@
 static const char kDeathTestThrew = 'T';
 static const char kDeathTestInternalError = 'I';
 
-#if GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
 
 // File descriptor used for the pipe in the child process.
 static const int kFuchsiaReadPipeFd = 3;
@@ -621,7 +623,18 @@
   return success;
 }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+// Note: The return value points into args, so the return value's lifetime is
+// bound to that of args.
+std::unique_ptr<char*[]> CreateArgvFromArgs(std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+  auto result = std::make_unique<char*[]>(args.size() + 1);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
+    result[i] = &args[i][0];
+  }
+  result[args.size()] = nullptr;  // extra null terminator
+  return result;
+}
+
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // WindowsDeathTest implements death tests on Windows. Due to the
 // specifics of starting new processes on Windows, death tests there are
 // always threadsafe, and Google Test considers the
@@ -808,7 +821,7 @@
   return OVERSEE_TEST;
 }
 
-#elif GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
 
 class FuchsiaDeathTest : public DeathTestImpl {
  public:
@@ -836,36 +849,6 @@
   zx::socket stderr_socket_;
 };
 
-// Utility class for accumulating command-line arguments.
-class Arguments {
- public:
-  Arguments() { args_.push_back(nullptr); }
-
-  ~Arguments() {
-    for (std::vector<char*>::iterator i = args_.begin(); i != args_.end();
-         ++i) {
-      free(*i);
-    }
-  }
-  void AddArgument(const char* argument) {
-    args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(argument));
-  }
-
-  template <typename Str>
-  void AddArguments(const ::std::vector<Str>& arguments) {
-    for (typename ::std::vector<Str>::const_iterator i = arguments.begin();
-         i != arguments.end(); ++i) {
-      args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(i->c_str()));
-    }
-  }
-  char* const* Argv() { return &args_[0]; }
-
-  int size() { return static_cast<int>(args_.size()) - 1; }
-
- private:
-  std::vector<char*> args_;
-};
-
 // Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
 // status, or 0 if no child process exists.  As a side effect, sets the
 // outcome data member.
@@ -986,10 +969,10 @@
                                     kInternalRunDeathTestFlag + "=" + file_ +
                                     "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|" +
                                     StreamableToString(death_test_index);
-  Arguments args;
-  args.AddArguments(GetInjectableArgvs());
-  args.AddArgument(filter_flag.c_str());
-  args.AddArgument(internal_flag.c_str());
+
+  std::vector<std::string> args = GetInjectableArgvs();
+  args.push_back(filter_flag);
+  args.push_back(internal_flag);
 
   // Build the pipe for communication with the child.
   zx_status_t status;
@@ -1041,8 +1024,14 @@
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status == ZX_OK);
 
   // Spawn the child process.
-  status = fdio_spawn_etc(child_job, FDIO_SPAWN_CLONE_ALL, args.Argv()[0],
-                          args.Argv(), nullptr, 2, spawn_actions,
+  // Note: The test component must have `fuchsia.process.Launcher` declared
+  // in its manifest. (Fuchsia integration tests require creating a
+  // "Fuchsia Test Component" which contains a "Fuchsia Component Manifest")
+  // Launching processes is a privileged operation in Fuschia, and the
+  // declaration indicates that the ability is required for the component.
+  std::unique_ptr<char*[]> argv = CreateArgvFromArgs(args);
+  status = fdio_spawn_etc(child_job, FDIO_SPAWN_CLONE_ALL, argv[0], argv.get(),
+                          nullptr, 2, spawn_actions,
                           child_process_.reset_and_get_address(), nullptr);
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(status == ZX_OK);
 
@@ -1173,34 +1162,6 @@
   const int line_;
 };
 
-// Utility class for accumulating command-line arguments.
-class Arguments {
- public:
-  Arguments() { args_.push_back(nullptr); }
-
-  ~Arguments() {
-    for (std::vector<char*>::iterator i = args_.begin(); i != args_.end();
-         ++i) {
-      free(*i);
-    }
-  }
-  void AddArgument(const char* argument) {
-    args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(argument));
-  }
-
-  template <typename Str>
-  void AddArguments(const ::std::vector<Str>& arguments) {
-    for (typename ::std::vector<Str>::const_iterator i = arguments.begin();
-         i != arguments.end(); ++i) {
-      args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(i->c_str()));
-    }
-  }
-  char* const* Argv() { return &args_[0]; }
-
- private:
-  std::vector<char*> args_;
-};
-
 // A struct that encompasses the arguments to the child process of a
 // threadsafe-style death test process.
 struct ExecDeathTestArgs {
@@ -1208,7 +1169,7 @@
   int close_fd;       // File descriptor to close; the read end of a pipe
 };
 
-#if GTEST_OS_QNX
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_QNX
 extern "C" char** environ;
 #else   // GTEST_OS_QNX
 // The main function for a threadsafe-style death test child process.
@@ -1289,7 +1250,7 @@
   ExecDeathTestArgs args = {argv, close_fd};
   pid_t child_pid = -1;
 
-#if GTEST_OS_QNX
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_QNX
   // Obtains the current directory and sets it to be closed in the child
   // process.
   const int cwd_fd = open(".", O_RDONLY);
@@ -1320,7 +1281,7 @@
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(cwd_fd));
 
 #else  // GTEST_OS_QNX
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_LINUX
   // When a SIGPROF signal is received while fork() or clone() are executing,
   // the process may hang. To avoid this, we ignore SIGPROF here and re-enable
   // it after the call to fork()/clone() is complete.
@@ -1367,11 +1328,10 @@
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
 
   if (use_fork && (child_pid = fork()) == 0) {
-    ExecDeathTestChildMain(&args);
-    _exit(0);
+    _exit(ExecDeathTestChildMain(&args));
   }
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_LINUX
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(
       sigaction(SIGPROF, &saved_sigprof_action, nullptr));
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
@@ -1410,10 +1370,9 @@
                                     StreamableToString(line_) + "|" +
                                     StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|" +
                                     StreamableToString(pipe_fd[1]);
-  Arguments args;
-  args.AddArguments(GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess());
-  args.AddArgument(filter_flag.c_str());
-  args.AddArgument(internal_flag.c_str());
+  std::vector<std::string> args = GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess();
+  args.push_back(filter_flag);
+  args.push_back(internal_flag);
 
   DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
 
@@ -1422,7 +1381,8 @@
   // is necessary.
   FlushInfoLog();
 
-  const pid_t child_pid = ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(args.Argv(), pipe_fd[0]);
+  std::unique_ptr<char*[]> argv = CreateArgvFromArgs(args);
+  const pid_t child_pid = ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(argv.get(), pipe_fd[0]);
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
   set_child_pid(child_pid);
   set_read_fd(pipe_fd[0]);
@@ -1463,14 +1423,14 @@
     }
   }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
   if (GTEST_FLAG_GET(death_test_style) == "threadsafe" ||
       GTEST_FLAG_GET(death_test_style) == "fast") {
     *test = new WindowsDeathTest(statement, std::move(matcher), file, line);
   }
 
-#elif GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
 
   if (GTEST_FLAG_GET(death_test_style) == "threadsafe" ||
       GTEST_FLAG_GET(death_test_style) == "fast") {
@@ -1497,7 +1457,7 @@
   return true;
 }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // Recreates the pipe and event handles from the provided parameters,
 // signals the event, and returns a file descriptor wrapped around the pipe
 // handle. This function is called in the child process only.
@@ -1564,7 +1524,7 @@
 // initialized from the GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) flag if
 // the flag is specified; otherwise returns NULL.
 InternalRunDeathTestFlag* ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() {
-  if (GTEST_FLAG_GET(internal_run_death_test) == "") return nullptr;
+  if (GTEST_FLAG_GET(internal_run_death_test).empty()) return nullptr;
 
   // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have ::std::string, so we
   // can use it here.
@@ -1574,7 +1534,7 @@
   SplitString(GTEST_FLAG_GET(internal_run_death_test), '|', &fields);
   int write_fd = -1;
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
   unsigned int parent_process_id = 0;
   size_t write_handle_as_size_t = 0;
@@ -1591,7 +1551,7 @@
   write_fd = GetStatusFileDescriptor(parent_process_id, write_handle_as_size_t,
                                      event_handle_as_size_t);
 
-#elif GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
 
   if (fields.size() != 3 || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line) ||
       !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index)) {
diff --git a/googletest/src/gtest-filepath.cc b/googletest/src/gtest-filepath.cc
index f6ee90c..48dee13 100644
--- a/googletest/src/gtest-filepath.cc
+++ b/googletest/src/gtest-filepath.cc
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 #include <windows.h>
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)
 #include <direct.h>
 #include <io.h>
 #else
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 #define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ _MAX_PATH
 #elif defined(PATH_MAX)
 #define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ PATH_MAX
@@ -57,10 +57,12 @@
 #define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ _POSIX_PATH_MAX
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
+
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // On Windows, '\\' is the standard path separator, but many tools and the
 // Windows API also accept '/' as an alternate path separator. Unless otherwise
 // noted, a file path can contain either kind of path separators, or a mixture
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@
 const char kPathSeparator = '\\';
 const char kAlternatePathSeparator = '/';
 const char kAlternatePathSeparatorString[] = "/";
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Windows CE doesn't have a current directory. You should not use
 // the current directory in tests on Windows CE, but this at least
 // provides a reasonable fallback.
@@ -94,19 +96,20 @@
 
 // Returns the current working directory, or "" if unsuccessful.
 FilePath FilePath::GetCurrentDir() {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE ||         \
-    GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT || GTEST_OS_ESP8266 || GTEST_OS_ESP32 || \
-    GTEST_OS_XTENSA
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE) || defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE) || \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT) || defined(GTEST_OS_ESP8266) ||           \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_ESP32) || defined(GTEST_OS_XTENSA) ||                 \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_QURT)
   // These platforms do not have a current directory, so we just return
   // something reasonable.
   return FilePath(kCurrentDirectoryString);
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)
   char cwd[GTEST_PATH_MAX_ + 1] = {'\0'};
   return FilePath(_getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) == nullptr ? "" : cwd);
 #else
   char cwd[GTEST_PATH_MAX_ + 1] = {'\0'};
   char* result = getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd));
-#if GTEST_OS_NACL
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_NACL
   // getcwd will likely fail in NaCl due to the sandbox, so return something
   // reasonable. The user may have provided a shim implementation for getcwd,
   // however, so fallback only when failure is detected.
@@ -145,6 +148,44 @@
   return last_sep;
 }
 
+size_t FilePath::CalculateRootLength() const {
+  const auto& path = pathname_;
+  auto s = path.begin();
+  auto end = path.end();
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  if (end - s >= 2 && s[1] == ':' && (end - s == 2 || IsPathSeparator(s[2])) &&
+      (('A' <= s[0] && s[0] <= 'Z') || ('a' <= s[0] && s[0] <= 'z'))) {
+    // A typical absolute path like "C:\Windows" or "D:"
+    s += 2;
+    if (s != end) {
+      ++s;
+    }
+  } else if (end - s >= 3 && IsPathSeparator(*s) && IsPathSeparator(*(s + 1)) &&
+             !IsPathSeparator(*(s + 2))) {
+    // Move past the "\\" prefix in a UNC path like "\\Server\Share\Folder"
+    s += 2;
+    // Skip 2 components and their following separators ("Server\" and "Share\")
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      while (s != end) {
+        bool stop = IsPathSeparator(*s);
+        ++s;
+        if (stop) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (s != end && IsPathSeparator(*s)) {
+    // A drive-rooted path like "\Windows"
+    ++s;
+  }
+#else
+  if (s != end && IsPathSeparator(*s)) {
+    ++s;
+  }
+#endif
+  return static_cast<size_t>(s - path.begin());
+}
+
 // Returns a copy of the FilePath with the directory part removed.
 // Example: FilePath("path/to/file").RemoveDirectoryName() returns
 // FilePath("file"). If there is no directory part ("just_a_file"), it returns
@@ -204,7 +245,7 @@
 // Returns true if pathname describes something findable in the file-system,
 // either a file, directory, or whatever.
 bool FilePath::FileOrDirectoryExists() const {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
   LPCWSTR unicode = String::AnsiToUtf16(pathname_.c_str());
   const DWORD attributes = GetFileAttributes(unicode);
   delete[] unicode;
@@ -219,7 +260,7 @@
 // that exists.
 bool FilePath::DirectoryExists() const {
   bool result = false;
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   // Don't strip off trailing separator if path is a root directory on
   // Windows (like "C:\\").
   const FilePath& path(IsRootDirectory() ? *this
@@ -228,7 +269,7 @@
   const FilePath& path(*this);
 #endif
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
   LPCWSTR unicode = String::AnsiToUtf16(path.c_str());
   const DWORD attributes = GetFileAttributes(unicode);
   delete[] unicode;
@@ -246,27 +287,15 @@
 }
 
 // Returns true if pathname describes a root directory. (Windows has one
-// root directory per disk drive.)
+// root directory per disk drive. UNC share roots are also included.)
 bool FilePath::IsRootDirectory() const {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-  return pathname_.length() == 3 && IsAbsolutePath();
-#else
-  return pathname_.length() == 1 && IsPathSeparator(pathname_.c_str()[0]);
-#endif
+  size_t root_length = CalculateRootLength();
+  return root_length > 0 && root_length == pathname_.size() &&
+         IsPathSeparator(pathname_[root_length - 1]);
 }
 
 // Returns true if pathname describes an absolute path.
-bool FilePath::IsAbsolutePath() const {
-  const char* const name = pathname_.c_str();
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-  return pathname_.length() >= 3 &&
-         ((name[0] >= 'a' && name[0] <= 'z') ||
-          (name[0] >= 'A' && name[0] <= 'Z')) &&
-         name[1] == ':' && IsPathSeparator(name[2]);
-#else
-  return IsPathSeparator(name[0]);
-#endif
-}
+bool FilePath::IsAbsolutePath() const { return CalculateRootLength() > 0; }
 
 // Returns a pathname for a file that does not currently exist. The pathname
 // will be directory/base_name.extension or
@@ -316,14 +345,15 @@
 // directory for any reason, including if the parent directory does not
 // exist. Not named "CreateDirectory" because that's a macro on Windows.
 bool FilePath::CreateFolder() const {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
   FilePath removed_sep(this->RemoveTrailingPathSeparator());
   LPCWSTR unicode = String::AnsiToUtf16(removed_sep.c_str());
   int result = CreateDirectory(unicode, nullptr) ? 0 : -1;
   delete[] unicode;
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)
   int result = _mkdir(pathname_.c_str());
-#elif GTEST_OS_ESP8266 || GTEST_OS_XTENSA
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_ESP8266) || defined(GTEST_OS_XTENSA) || \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_QURT)
   // do nothing
   int result = 0;
 #else
@@ -347,17 +377,27 @@
 // Removes any redundant separators that might be in the pathname.
 // For example, "bar///foo" becomes "bar/foo". Does not eliminate other
 // redundancies that might be in a pathname involving "." or "..".
+// Note that "\\Host\Share" does not contain a redundancy on Windows!
 void FilePath::Normalize() {
   auto out = pathname_.begin();
 
-  for (const char character : pathname_) {
+  auto i = pathname_.cbegin();
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  // UNC paths are treated specially
+  if (pathname_.end() - i >= 3 && IsPathSeparator(*i) &&
+      IsPathSeparator(*(i + 1)) && !IsPathSeparator(*(i + 2))) {
+    *(out++) = kPathSeparator;
+    *(out++) = kPathSeparator;
+  }
+#endif
+  while (i != pathname_.end()) {
+    const char character = *i;
     if (!IsPathSeparator(character)) {
       *(out++) = character;
     } else if (out == pathname_.begin() || *std::prev(out) != kPathSeparator) {
       *(out++) = kPathSeparator;
-    } else {
-      continue;
     }
+    ++i;
   }
 
   pathname_.erase(out, pathname_.end());
@@ -365,3 +405,5 @@
 
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
diff --git a/googletest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h b/googletest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
index 8c650e0..16841b5 100644
--- a/googletest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
+++ b/googletest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
+#include <set>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@
 #include <netdb.h>      // NOLINT
 #endif
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 #include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif                // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
@@ -91,7 +92,8 @@
 // Returns true if and only if Google Test should use colors in the output.
 GTEST_API_ bool ShouldUseColor(bool stdout_is_tty);
 
-// Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds.
+// Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds. If the input is an exact N
+// seconds, the output has a trailing decimal point (e.g., "N." intead of "N").
 GTEST_API_ std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(TimeInMillis ms);
 
 // Converts the given time in milliseconds to a date string in the ISO 8601
@@ -212,7 +214,7 @@
   int32_t stack_trace_depth_;
   std::string stream_result_to_;
   bool throw_on_failure_;
-} GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;
+};
 
 // Converts a Unicode code point to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
 // code_point parameter is of type UInt32 because wchar_t may not be
@@ -382,7 +384,7 @@
   static bool FilterMatchesTest(const std::string& test_suite_name,
                                 const std::string& test_name);
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   // Function for supporting the gtest_catch_exception flag.
 
   // Returns EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER if Google Test should handle the
@@ -396,9 +398,11 @@
   static bool MatchesFilter(const std::string& name, const char* filter);
 };
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 // Returns the current application's name, removing directory path if that
 // is present.  Used by UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFile.
 GTEST_API_ FilePath GetCurrentExecutableName();
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 
 // The role interface for getting the OS stack trace as a string.
 class OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
@@ -438,7 +442,7 @@
   void UponLeavingGTest() override;
 
  private:
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_ABSL
   Mutex mutex_;  // Protects all internal state.
 
   // We save the stack frame below the frame that calls user code.
@@ -668,7 +672,7 @@
   void AddTestInfo(internal::SetUpTestSuiteFunc set_up_tc,
                    internal::TearDownTestSuiteFunc tear_down_tc,
                    TestInfo* test_info) {
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
     // In order to support thread-safe death tests, we need to
     // remember the original working directory when the test program
     // was first invoked.  We cannot do this in RUN_ALL_TESTS(), as
@@ -774,7 +778,7 @@
     return gtest_trace_stack_.get();
   }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   void InitDeathTestSubprocessControlInfo() {
     internal_run_death_test_flag_.reset(ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag());
   }
@@ -840,9 +844,11 @@
   // The UnitTest object that owns this implementation object.
   UnitTest* const parent_;
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
   // The working directory when the first TEST() or TEST_F() was
   // executed.
   internal::FilePath original_working_dir_;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 
   // The default test part result reporters.
   DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter default_global_test_part_result_reporter_;
@@ -937,7 +943,7 @@
   // How long the test took to run, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time_;
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   // The decomposed components of the gtest_internal_run_death_test flag,
   // parsed when RUN_ALL_TESTS is called.
   std::unique_ptr<InternalRunDeathTestFlag> internal_run_death_test_flag_;
@@ -961,7 +967,7 @@
   return UnitTest::GetInstance()->impl();
 }
 
-#if GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
+#ifdef GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
 
 // Internal helper functions for implementing the simple regular
 // expression matcher.
@@ -987,7 +993,7 @@
 GTEST_API_ void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, char** argv);
 GTEST_API_ void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, wchar_t** argv);
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 // Returns the message describing the last system error, regardless of the
 // platform.
diff --git a/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc b/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc
index d797fe4..994fabd 100644
--- a/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc
+++ b/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 #include <fstream>
 #include <memory>
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 #include <io.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <windows.h>
@@ -51,32 +51,34 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
-#if GTEST_OS_MAC
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_MAC
 #include <mach/mach_init.h>
 #include <mach/task.h>
 #include <mach/vm_map.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
 
-#if GTEST_OS_DRAGONFLY || GTEST_OS_FREEBSD || GTEST_OS_GNU_KFREEBSD || \
-    GTEST_OS_NETBSD || GTEST_OS_OPENBSD
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_DRAGONFLY) || defined(GTEST_OS_FREEBSD) ||   \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_GNU_KFREEBSD) || defined(GTEST_OS_NETBSD) || \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_OPENBSD)
 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
-#if GTEST_OS_DRAGONFLY || GTEST_OS_FREEBSD || GTEST_OS_GNU_KFREEBSD
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_DRAGONFLY) || defined(GTEST_OS_FREEBSD) || \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_GNU_KFREEBSD)
 #include <sys/user.h>
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#if GTEST_OS_QNX
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_QNX
 #include <devctl.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <sys/procfs.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
 
-#if GTEST_OS_AIX
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_AIX
 #include <procinfo.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_AIX
 
-#if GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
 #include <zircon/process.h>
 #include <zircon/syscalls.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_GNU_HURD
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_LINUX) || defined(GTEST_OS_GNU_HURD)
 
 namespace {
 template <typename T>
@@ -113,7 +115,7 @@
   return ReadProcFileField<size_t>(filename, 19);
 }
 
-#elif GTEST_OS_MAC
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_MAC)
 
 size_t GetThreadCount() {
   const task_t task = mach_task_self();
@@ -131,20 +133,20 @@
   }
 }
 
-#elif GTEST_OS_DRAGONFLY || GTEST_OS_FREEBSD || GTEST_OS_GNU_KFREEBSD || \
-    GTEST_OS_NETBSD
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_DRAGONFLY) || defined(GTEST_OS_FREEBSD) || \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_GNU_KFREEBSD) || defined(GTEST_OS_NETBSD)
 
-#if GTEST_OS_NETBSD
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_NETBSD
 #undef KERN_PROC
 #define KERN_PROC KERN_PROC2
 #define kinfo_proc kinfo_proc2
 #endif
 
-#if GTEST_OS_DRAGONFLY
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_DRAGONFLY
 #define KP_NLWP(kp) (kp.kp_nthreads)
-#elif GTEST_OS_FREEBSD || GTEST_OS_GNU_KFREEBSD
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_FREEBSD) || defined(GTEST_OS_GNU_KFREEBSD)
 #define KP_NLWP(kp) (kp.ki_numthreads)
-#elif GTEST_OS_NETBSD
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_NETBSD)
 #define KP_NLWP(kp) (kp.p_nlwps)
 #endif
 
@@ -156,7 +158,7 @@
     KERN_PROC,
     KERN_PROC_PID,
     getpid(),
-#if GTEST_OS_NETBSD
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_NETBSD
     sizeof(struct kinfo_proc),
     1,
 #endif
@@ -169,7 +171,7 @@
   }
   return static_cast<size_t>(KP_NLWP(info));
 }
-#elif GTEST_OS_OPENBSD
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_OPENBSD)
 
 // Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
 // we cannot detect it.
@@ -206,7 +208,7 @@
   return nthreads;
 }
 
-#elif GTEST_OS_QNX
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_QNX)
 
 // Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
 // we cannot detect it.
@@ -226,7 +228,7 @@
   }
 }
 
-#elif GTEST_OS_AIX
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_AIX)
 
 size_t GetThreadCount() {
   struct procentry64 entry;
@@ -239,7 +241,7 @@
   }
 }
 
-#elif GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
 
 size_t GetThreadCount() {
   int dummy_buffer;
@@ -264,7 +266,7 @@
 
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#if defined(GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE) && defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)
 
 AutoHandle::AutoHandle() : handle_(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {}
 
@@ -655,7 +657,7 @@
 
 #endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
-#if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+#ifdef GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
 
 // Implements RE.  Currently only needed for death tests.
 
@@ -668,7 +670,6 @@
     regfree(&partial_regex_);
     regfree(&full_regex_);
   }
-  free(const_cast<char*>(pattern_));
 }
 
 // Returns true if and only if regular expression re matches the entire str.
@@ -690,7 +691,7 @@
 
 // Initializes an RE from its string representation.
 void RE::Init(const char* regex) {
-  pattern_ = posix::StrDup(regex);
+  pattern_ = regex;
 
   // Reserves enough bytes to hold the regular expression used for a
   // full match.
@@ -718,7 +719,7 @@
   delete[] full_pattern;
 }
 
-#elif GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
+#elif defined(GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE)
 
 // Returns true if and only if ch appears anywhere in str (excluding the
 // terminating '\0' character).
@@ -920,27 +921,26 @@
 
 // Implements the RE class.
 
-RE::~RE() {
-  free(const_cast<char*>(pattern_));
-  free(const_cast<char*>(full_pattern_));
-}
+RE::~RE() = default;
 
 // Returns true if and only if regular expression re matches the entire str.
 bool RE::FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
-  return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere(re.full_pattern_, str);
+  return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere(re.full_pattern_.c_str(), str);
 }
 
 // Returns true if and only if regular expression re matches a substring of
 // str (including str itself).
 bool RE::PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
-  return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere(re.pattern_, str);
+  return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere(re.pattern_.c_str(), str);
 }
 
 // Initializes an RE from its string representation.
 void RE::Init(const char* regex) {
-  pattern_ = full_pattern_ = nullptr;
+  full_pattern_.clear();
+  pattern_.clear();
+
   if (regex != nullptr) {
-    pattern_ = posix::StrDup(regex);
+    pattern_ = regex;
   }
 
   is_valid_ = ValidateRegex(regex);
@@ -949,25 +949,19 @@
     return;
   }
 
-  const size_t len = strlen(regex);
   // Reserves enough bytes to hold the regular expression used for a
-  // full match: we need space to prepend a '^', append a '$', and
-  // terminate the string with '\0'.
-  char* buffer = static_cast<char*>(malloc(len + 3));
-  full_pattern_ = buffer;
+  // full match: we need space to prepend a '^' and append a '$'.
+  full_pattern_.reserve(pattern_.size() + 2);
 
-  if (*regex != '^')
-    *buffer++ = '^';  // Makes sure full_pattern_ starts with '^'.
+  if (pattern_.empty() || pattern_.front() != '^') {
+    full_pattern_.push_back('^');  // Makes sure full_pattern_ starts with '^'.
+  }
 
-  // We don't use snprintf or strncpy, as they trigger a warning when
-  // compiled with VC++ 8.0.
-  memcpy(buffer, regex, len);
-  buffer += len;
+  full_pattern_.append(pattern_);
 
-  if (len == 0 || regex[len - 1] != '$')
-    *buffer++ = '$';  // Makes sure full_pattern_ ends with '$'.
-
-  *buffer = '\0';
+  if (pattern_.empty() || pattern_.back() != '$') {
+    full_pattern_.push_back('$');  // Makes sure full_pattern_ ends with '$'.
+  }
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
@@ -1035,7 +1029,7 @@
  public:
   // The ctor redirects the stream to a temporary file.
   explicit CapturedStream(int fd) : fd_(fd), uncaptured_fd_(dup(fd)) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
     char temp_dir_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = {'\0'};   // NOLINT
     char temp_file_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = {'\0'};  // NOLINT
 
@@ -1054,7 +1048,7 @@
     // directory, so we create the temporary file in a temporary directory.
     std::string name_template;
 
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
     // Note: Android applications are expected to call the framework's
     // Context.getExternalStorageDirectory() method through JNI to get
     // the location of the world-writable SD Card directory. However,
@@ -1067,7 +1061,7 @@
     // '/sdcard' and other variants cannot be relied on, as they are not
     // guaranteed to be mounted, or may have a delay in mounting.
     name_template = "/data/local/tmp/";
-#elif GTEST_OS_IOS
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_IOS)
     char user_temp_dir[PATH_MAX + 1];
 
     // Documented alternative to NSTemporaryDirectory() (for obtaining creating
@@ -1227,7 +1221,7 @@
   return content;
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 static const std::vector<std::string>* g_injected_test_argvs =
     nullptr;  // Owned.
 
@@ -1254,7 +1248,7 @@
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 namespace posix {
 void Abort() {
   DebugBreak();
diff --git a/googletest/src/gtest-printers.cc b/googletest/src/gtest-printers.cc
index d475ad3..de740e7 100644
--- a/googletest/src/gtest-printers.cc
+++ b/googletest/src/gtest-printers.cc
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@
   }
 }
 
-#ifdef __cpp_char8_t
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_char8_t
 void PrintU8StringTo(const ::std::u8string& s, ostream* os) {
   PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
 }
diff --git a/googletest/src/gtest-test-part.cc b/googletest/src/gtest-test-part.cc
index eb7c8d1..df677e6 100644
--- a/googletest/src/gtest-test-part.cc
+++ b/googletest/src/gtest-test-part.cc
@@ -37,8 +37,6 @@
 
 namespace testing {
 
-using internal::GetUnitTestImpl;
-
 // Gets the summary of the failure message by omitting the stack trace
 // in it.
 std::string TestPartResult::ExtractSummary(const char* message) {
diff --git a/googletest/src/gtest-typed-test.cc b/googletest/src/gtest-typed-test.cc
index a2828b8..9941306 100644
--- a/googletest/src/gtest-typed-test.cc
+++ b/googletest/src/gtest-typed-test.cc
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
   }
 
   const std::string& errors_str = errors.GetString();
-  if (errors_str != "") {
+  if (!errors_str.empty()) {
     fprintf(stderr, "%s %s", FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str(),
             errors_str.c_str());
     fflush(stderr);
diff --git a/googletest/src/gtest.cc b/googletest/src/gtest.cc
index 81409a3..15cee3f 100644
--- a/googletest/src/gtest.cc
+++ b/googletest/src/gtest.cc
@@ -44,8 +44,10 @@
 #include <chrono>  // NOLINT
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
 #include <initializer_list>
 #include <iomanip>
+#include <ios>
 #include <iterator>
 #include <limits>
 #include <list>
@@ -58,8 +60,9 @@
 #include "gtest/gtest-assertion-result.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/custom/gtest.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
 #include <fcntl.h>   // NOLINT
 #include <limits.h>  // NOLINT
@@ -72,18 +75,18 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
-#elif GTEST_OS_ZOS
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_ZOS)
 #include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
 
 // On z/OS we additionally need strings.h for strcasecmp.
 #include <strings.h>   // NOLINT
 
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE  // We are on Windows CE.
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE)  // We are on Windows CE.
 
 #include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
 #undef min
 
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  // We are on Windows proper.
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)  // We are on Windows proper.
 
 #include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
 #undef min
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@
 #include <sys/timeb.h>  // NOLINT
 #include <sys/types.h>  // NOLINT
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
 #include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif                 // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
 
@@ -123,17 +126,17 @@
 
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 #define vsnprintf _vsnprintf
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
-#if GTEST_OS_MAC
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_MAC
 #ifndef GTEST_OS_IOS
 #include <crt_externs.h>
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 #include "absl/debugging/failure_signal_handler.h"
 #include "absl/debugging/stacktrace.h"
 #include "absl/debugging/symbolize.h"
@@ -143,6 +146,14 @@
 #include "absl/strings/str_replace.h"
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 
+// Checks builtin compiler feature |x| while avoiding an extra layer of #ifdefs
+// at the callsite.
+#if defined(__has_builtin)
+#define GTEST_HAS_BUILTIN(x) __has_builtin(x)
+#else
+#define GTEST_HAS_BUILTIN(x) 0
+#endif  // defined(__has_builtin)
+
 namespace testing {
 
 using internal::CountIf;
@@ -186,6 +197,7 @@
 // is specified on the command line.
 bool g_help_flag = false;
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 // Utility function to Open File for Writing
 static FILE* OpenFileForWriting(const std::string& output_file) {
   FILE* fileout = nullptr;
@@ -200,6 +212,7 @@
   }
   return fileout;
 }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
@@ -396,7 +409,7 @@
 // GTestIsInitialized() returns true if and only if the user has initialized
 // Google Test.  Useful for catching the user mistake of not initializing
 // Google Test before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS().
-static bool GTestIsInitialized() { return GetArgvs().size() > 0; }
+static bool GTestIsInitialized() { return !GetArgvs().empty(); }
 
 // Iterates over a vector of TestSuites, keeping a running sum of the
 // results of calling a given int-returning method on each.
@@ -612,12 +625,13 @@
 #endif  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_)
 }
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 // Returns the current application's name, removing directory path if that
 // is present.
 FilePath GetCurrentExecutableName() {
   FilePath result;
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_OS2
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) || defined(GTEST_OS_OS2)
   result.Set(FilePath(GetArgvs()[0]).RemoveExtension("exe"));
 #else
   result.Set(FilePath(GetArgvs()[0]));
@@ -625,6 +639,7 @@
 
   return result.RemoveDirectoryName();
 }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 
 // Functions for processing the gtest_output flag.
 
@@ -639,6 +654,7 @@
                            static_cast<size_t>(colon - gtest_output_flag));
 }
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 // Returns the name of the requested output file, or the default if none
 // was explicitly specified.
 std::string UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile() {
@@ -669,6 +685,7 @@
       GetOutputFormat().c_str()));
   return result.string();
 }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 
 // Returns true if and only if the wildcard pattern matches the string. Each
 // pattern consists of regular characters, single-character wildcards (?), and
@@ -1115,17 +1132,24 @@
 // A helper class for measuring elapsed times.
 class Timer {
  public:
-  Timer() : start_(std::chrono::steady_clock::now()) {}
+  Timer() : start_(clock::now()) {}
 
   // Return time elapsed in milliseconds since the timer was created.
   TimeInMillis Elapsed() {
-    return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
-               std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start_)
+    return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(clock::now() -
+                                                                 start_)
         .count();
   }
 
  private:
-  std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point start_;
+  // Fall back to the system_clock when building with newlib on a system
+  // without a monotonic clock.
+#if defined(_NEWLIB_VERSION) && !defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+  using clock = std::chrono::system_clock;
+#else
+  using clock = std::chrono::steady_clock;
+#endif
+  clock::time_point start_;
 };
 
 // Returns a timestamp as milliseconds since the epoch. Note this time may jump
@@ -1142,7 +1166,7 @@
 
 // class String.
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Creates a UTF-16 wide string from the given ANSI string, allocating
 // memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
 // value using delete[]. Returns the wide string, or NULL if the
@@ -1844,14 +1868,14 @@
 
 namespace internal {
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 namespace {
 
 // Helper function for IsHRESULT{SuccessFailure} predicates
 AssertionResult HRESULTFailureHelper(const char* expr, const char* expected,
                                      long hr) {  // NOLINT
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_TV_TITLE
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE) || defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_TV_TITLE)
 
   // Windows CE doesn't support FormatMessage.
   const char error_text[] = "";
@@ -2112,9 +2136,9 @@
 
   if (rhs == nullptr) return false;
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   return _wcsicmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
-#elif GTEST_OS_LINUX && !GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_LINUX) && !defined(GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID)
   return wcscasecmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
 #else
   // Android, Mac OS X and Cygwin don't define wcscasecmp.
@@ -2302,7 +2326,9 @@
   return std::vector<std::string>();
 }
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 // TODO(jdesprez): Merge the two getReserved attributes once skip is improved
+// This function is only used when file systems are enabled.
 static std::vector<std::string> GetReservedOutputAttributesForElement(
     const std::string& xml_element) {
   if (xml_element == "testsuites") {
@@ -2317,6 +2343,7 @@
   // This code is unreachable but some compilers may not realizes that.
   return std::vector<std::string>();
 }
+#endif
 
 static std::string FormatWordList(const std::vector<std::string>& words) {
   Message word_list;
@@ -2437,13 +2464,6 @@
   UnitTest::GetInstance()->RecordProperty(key, value);
 }
 
-// Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
-void Test::RecordProperty(const std::string& key, int value) {
-  Message value_message;
-  value_message << value;
-  RecordProperty(key, value_message.GetString().c_str());
-}
-
 namespace internal {
 
 void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
@@ -2713,7 +2733,8 @@
                    internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
                    internal::TestFactoryBase* factory)
     : test_suite_name_(a_test_suite_name),
-      name_(a_name),
+      // begin()/end() is MSVC 17.3.3 ASAN crash workaround (GitHub issue #3997)
+      name_(a_name.begin(), a_name.end()),
       type_param_(a_type_param ? new std::string(a_type_param) : nullptr),
       value_param_(a_value_param ? new std::string(a_value_param) : nullptr),
       location_(a_code_location),
@@ -2777,37 +2798,6 @@
                                           code_location.line)
                     << " " << errors.GetString();
 }
-}  // namespace internal
-
-namespace {
-
-// A predicate that checks the test name of a TestInfo against a known
-// value.
-//
-// This is used for implementation of the TestSuite class only.  We put
-// it in the anonymous namespace to prevent polluting the outer
-// namespace.
-//
-// TestNameIs is copyable.
-class TestNameIs {
- public:
-  // Constructor.
-  //
-  // TestNameIs has NO default constructor.
-  explicit TestNameIs(const char* name) : name_(name) {}
-
-  // Returns true if and only if the test name of test_info matches name_.
-  bool operator()(const TestInfo* test_info) const {
-    return test_info && test_info->name() == name_;
-  }
-
- private:
-  std::string name_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace
-
-namespace internal {
 
 // This method expands all parameterized tests registered with macros TEST_P
 // and INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P into regular tests and registers those.
@@ -2992,6 +2982,25 @@
 
   TestEventListener* repeater = UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners().repeater();
 
+  // Ensure our tests are in a deterministic order.
+  //
+  // We do this by sorting lexicographically on (file, line number), providing
+  // an order matching what the user can see in the source code.
+  //
+  // In the common case the line number comparison shouldn't be necessary,
+  // because the registrations made by the TEST macro are executed in order
+  // within a translation unit. But this is not true of the manual registration
+  // API, and in more exotic scenarios a single file may be part of multiple
+  // translation units.
+  std::stable_sort(test_info_list_.begin(), test_info_list_.end(),
+                   [](const TestInfo* const a, const TestInfo* const b) {
+                     if (const int result = std::strcmp(a->file(), b->file())) {
+                       return result < 0;
+                     }
+
+                     return a->line() < b->line();
+                   });
+
   // Call both legacy and the new API
   repeater->OnTestSuiteStart(*this);
 //  Legacy API is deprecated but still available
@@ -3155,7 +3164,7 @@
   // following statements add the test part result message to the Output
   // window such that the user can double-click on it to jump to the
   // corresponding source code location; otherwise they do nothing.
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE)
   // We don't call OutputDebugString*() on Windows Mobile, as printing
   // to stdout is done by OutputDebugString() there already - we don't
   // want the same message printed twice.
@@ -3165,8 +3174,9 @@
 }
 
 // class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && \
-    !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE) &&    \
+    !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE) && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT) && \
+    !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW)
 
 // Returns the character attribute for the given color.
 static WORD GetColorAttribute(GTestColor color) {
@@ -3238,22 +3248,23 @@
   const char* const gtest_color = c.c_str();
 
   if (String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "auto")) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW)
     // On Windows the TERM variable is usually not set, but the
     // console there does support colors.
     return stdout_is_tty;
 #else
     // On non-Windows platforms, we rely on the TERM variable.
     const char* const term = posix::GetEnv("TERM");
-    const bool term_supports_color = term != nullptr && (
-        String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm") ||
-        String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-color") ||
-        String::CStringEquals(term, "screen") ||
-        String::CStringEquals(term, "tmux") ||
-        String::CStringEquals(term, "rxvt-unicode") ||
-        String::CStringEquals(term, "linux") ||
-        String::CStringEquals(term, "cygwin") ||
-        String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(term, "-256color"));
+    const bool term_supports_color =
+        term != nullptr && (String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm") ||
+                            String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-color") ||
+                            String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-kitty") ||
+                            String::CStringEquals(term, "screen") ||
+                            String::CStringEquals(term, "tmux") ||
+                            String::CStringEquals(term, "rxvt-unicode") ||
+                            String::CStringEquals(term, "linux") ||
+                            String::CStringEquals(term, "cygwin") ||
+                            String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(term, "-256color"));
     return stdout_is_tty && term_supports_color;
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   }
@@ -3278,7 +3289,12 @@
   va_start(args, fmt);
 
   static const bool in_color_mode =
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
       ShouldUseColor(posix::IsATTY(posix::FileNo(stdout)) != 0);
+#else
+      false;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
+
   const bool use_color = in_color_mode && (color != GTestColor::kDefault);
 
   if (!use_color) {
@@ -3287,8 +3303,9 @@
     return;
   }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && \
-    !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE) &&    \
+    !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE) && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT) && \
+    !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW)
   const HANDLE stdout_handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
 
   // Gets the current text color.
@@ -3883,6 +3900,7 @@
 
 // End TestEventRepeater
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 // This class generates an XML output file.
 class XmlUnitTestResultPrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener {
  public:
@@ -4092,6 +4110,13 @@
 // Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds.
 std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(TimeInMillis ms) {
   ::std::stringstream ss;
+  // For the exact N seconds, makes sure output has a trailing decimal point.
+  // Sets precision so that we won't have many trailing zeros (e.g., 300 ms
+  // will be just 0.3, 410 ms 0.41, and so on)
+  ss << std::fixed
+     << std::setprecision(
+            ms % 1000 == 0 ? 0 : (ms % 100 == 0 ? 1 : (ms % 10 == 0 ? 2 : 3)))
+     << std::showpoint;
   ss << (static_cast<double>(ms) * 1e-3);
   return ss.str();
 }
@@ -4430,7 +4455,9 @@
 }
 
 // End XmlUnitTestResultPrinter
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 // This class generates an JSON output file.
 class JsonUnitTestResultPrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener {
  public:
@@ -4820,6 +4847,9 @@
   // If there was a test failure outside of one of the test suites (like in a
   // test environment) include that in the output.
   if (unit_test.ad_hoc_test_result().Failed()) {
+    if (comma) {
+      *stream << ",\n";
+    }
     OutputJsonTestSuiteForTestResult(stream, unit_test.ad_hoc_test_result());
   }
 
@@ -4868,6 +4898,7 @@
 }
 
 // End JsonUnitTestResultPrinter
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 
 #if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
 
@@ -4885,7 +4916,8 @@
       case '=':
       case '&':
       case '\n':
-        result.append("%" + String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
+        result.push_back('%');
+        result.append(String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
         break;
       default:
         result.push_back(ch);
@@ -4946,7 +4978,7 @@
 
 std::string OsStackTraceGetter::CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count)
     GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_ABSL
   std::string result;
 
   if (max_depth <= 0) {
@@ -4995,7 +5027,7 @@
 }
 
 void OsStackTraceGetter::UponLeavingGTest() GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_ABSL
   void* caller_frame = nullptr;
   if (absl::GetStackTrace(&caller_frame, 1, 3) <= 0) {
     caller_frame = nullptr;
@@ -5006,6 +5038,7 @@
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 }
 
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 // A helper class that creates the premature-exit file in its
 // constructor and deletes the file in its destructor.
 class ScopedPrematureExitFile {
@@ -5025,7 +5058,7 @@
   }
 
   ~ScopedPrematureExitFile() {
-#if !defined GTEST_OS_ESP8266
+#ifndef GTEST_OS_ESP8266
     if (!premature_exit_filepath_.empty()) {
       int retval = remove(premature_exit_filepath_.c_str());
       if (retval) {
@@ -5043,6 +5076,7 @@
   ScopedPrematureExitFile(const ScopedPrematureExitFile&) = delete;
   ScopedPrematureExitFile& operator=(const ScopedPrematureExitFile&) = delete;
 };
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
@@ -5292,7 +5326,7 @@
   msg << message;
 
   internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
-  if (impl_->gtest_trace_stack().size() > 0) {
+  if (!impl_->gtest_trace_stack().empty()) {
     msg << "\n" << GTEST_NAME_ << " trace:";
 
     for (size_t i = impl_->gtest_trace_stack().size(); i > 0; --i) {
@@ -5305,6 +5339,8 @@
 
   if (os_stack_trace.c_str() != nullptr && !os_stack_trace.empty()) {
     msg << internal::kStackTraceMarker << os_stack_trace;
+  } else {
+    msg << "\n";
   }
 
   const TestPartResult result = TestPartResult(
@@ -5320,7 +5356,8 @@
     // with another testing framework) and specify the former on the
     // command line for debugging.
     if (GTEST_FLAG_GET(break_on_failure)) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE) && \
+    !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT)
       // Using DebugBreak on Windows allows gtest to still break into a debugger
       // when a failure happens and both the --gtest_break_on_failure and
       // the --gtest_catch_exceptions flags are specified.
@@ -5330,6 +5367,10 @@
      (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__)))
       // with clang/gcc we can achieve the same effect on x86 by invoking int3
       asm("int3");
+#elif GTEST_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_trap)
+      __builtin_trap();
+#elif defined(SIGTRAP)
+      raise(SIGTRAP);
 #else
       // Dereference nullptr through a volatile pointer to prevent the compiler
       // from removing. We use this rather than abort() or __builtin_trap() for
@@ -5364,6 +5405,7 @@
 // We don't protect this under mutex_, as we only support calling it
 // from the main thread.
 int UnitTest::Run() {
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   const bool in_death_test_child_process =
       GTEST_FLAG_GET(internal_run_death_test).length() > 0;
 
@@ -5392,31 +5434,36 @@
       in_death_test_child_process
           ? nullptr
           : internal::posix::GetEnv("TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE"));
+#else
+  const bool in_death_test_child_process = false;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
   // Captures the value of GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions).  This value will be
   // used for the duration of the program.
   impl()->set_catch_exceptions(GTEST_FLAG_GET(catch_exceptions));
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   // Either the user wants Google Test to catch exceptions thrown by the
   // tests or this is executing in the context of death test child
   // process. In either case the user does not want to see pop-up dialogs
   // about crashes - they are expected.
   if (impl()->catch_exceptions() || in_death_test_child_process) {
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+#if !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE) && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE) && \
+    !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT)
     // SetErrorMode doesn't exist on CE.
     SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS | SEM_NOALIGNMENTFAULTEXCEPT |
                  SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX | SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX);
 #endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
-#if (defined(_MSC_VER) || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW) && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if (defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW)) && \
+    !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE)
     // Death test children can be terminated with _abort().  On Windows,
     // _abort() can show a dialog with a warning message.  This forces the
     // abort message to go to stderr instead.
     _set_error_mode(_OUT_TO_STDERR);
 #endif
 
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE)
     // In the debug version, Visual Studio pops up a separate dialog
     // offering a choice to debug the aborted program. We need to suppress
     // this dialog or it will pop up for every EXPECT/ASSERT_DEATH statement
@@ -5438,6 +5485,8 @@
     }
 #endif
   }
+#else
+  (void)in_death_test_child_process;  // Needed inside the #if block above
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
   return internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
@@ -5447,11 +5496,13 @@
              : 1;
 }
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 // Returns the working directory when the first TEST() or TEST_F() was
 // executed.
 const char* UnitTest::original_working_dir() const {
   return impl_->original_working_dir_.c_str();
 }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 
 // Returns the TestSuite object for the test that's currently running,
 // or NULL if no test is running.
@@ -5531,7 +5582,7 @@
       random_(0),       // Will be reseeded before first use.
       start_timestamp_(0),
       elapsed_time_(0),
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
       death_test_factory_(new DefaultDeathTestFactory),
 #endif
       // Will be overridden by the flag before first use.
@@ -5571,11 +5622,11 @@
   test_result->RecordProperty(xml_element, test_property);
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 // Disables event forwarding if the control is currently in a death test
 // subprocess. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
 void UnitTestImpl::SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess() {
-  if (internal_run_death_test_flag_.get() != nullptr)
+  if (internal_run_death_test_flag_ != nullptr)
     listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
@@ -5584,16 +5635,21 @@
 // UnitTestOptions. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
 void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureXmlOutput() {
   const std::string& output_format = UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat();
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
   if (output_format == "xml") {
     listeners()->SetDefaultXmlGenerator(new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(
         UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile().c_str()));
   } else if (output_format == "json") {
     listeners()->SetDefaultXmlGenerator(new JsonUnitTestResultPrinter(
         UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile().c_str()));
-  } else if (output_format != "") {
+  } else if (!output_format.empty()) {
     GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << "WARNING: unrecognized output format \""
                         << output_format << "\" ignored.";
   }
+#else
+  GTEST_LOG_(ERROR) << "ERROR: alternative output formats require "
+                    << "GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM to be enabled";
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 }
 
 #if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
@@ -5629,7 +5685,7 @@
     listeners()->Append(new GTEST_CUSTOM_TEST_EVENT_LISTENER_());
 #endif  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_TEST_EVENT_LISTENER_)
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
     InitDeathTestSubprocessControlInfo();
     SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess();
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
@@ -5652,7 +5708,7 @@
     ConfigureStreamingOutput();
 #endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_ABSL
     if (GTEST_FLAG_GET(install_failure_signal_handler)) {
       absl::FailureSignalHandlerOptions options;
       absl::InstallFailureSignalHandler(options);
@@ -5756,18 +5812,19 @@
   // user didn't call InitGoogleTest.
   PostFlagParsingInit();
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
   // Even if sharding is not on, test runners may want to use the
   // GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE to query whether the test supports the sharding
   // protocol.
   internal::WriteToShardStatusFileIfNeeded();
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 
   // True if and only if we are in a subprocess for running a thread-safe-style
   // death test.
   bool in_subprocess_for_death_test = false;
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-  in_subprocess_for_death_test =
-      (internal_run_death_test_flag_.get() != nullptr);
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+  in_subprocess_for_death_test = (internal_run_death_test_flag_ != nullptr);
 #if defined(GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_CHILD_SETUP_)
   if (in_subprocess_for_death_test) {
     GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_CHILD_SETUP_();
@@ -5930,15 +5987,12 @@
         "() before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS(). This is INVALID. Soon " GTEST_NAME_
         " will start to enforce the valid usage. "
         "Please fix it ASAP, or IT WILL START TO FAIL.\n");  // NOLINT
-#if GTEST_FOR_GOOGLE_
-    ColoredPrintf(GTestColor::kRed,
-                  "For more details, see http://wiki/Main/ValidGUnitMain.\n");
-#endif  // GTEST_FOR_GOOGLE_
   }
 
   return !failed;
 }
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 // Reads the GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE environment variable, and creates the file
 // if the variable is present. If a file already exists at this location, this
 // function will write over it. If the variable is present, but the file cannot
@@ -5958,6 +6012,7 @@
     fclose(file);
   }
 }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 
 // Checks whether sharding is enabled by examining the relevant
 // environment variable values. If the variables are present,
@@ -6149,6 +6204,7 @@
     }
   }
   fflush(stdout);
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
   const std::string& output_format = UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat();
   if (output_format == "xml" || output_format == "json") {
     FILE* fileout = OpenFileForWriting(
@@ -6166,6 +6222,7 @@
     fprintf(fileout, "%s", StringStreamToString(&stream).c_str());
     fclose(fileout);
   }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 }
 
 // Sets the OS stack trace getter.
@@ -6485,7 +6542,7 @@
 #endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
     "\n"
     "Assertion Behavior:\n"
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#if defined(GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST) && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)
     "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_
     "death_test_style=@Y(@Gfast@Y|@Gthreadsafe@Y)@D\n"
     "      Set the default death test style.\n"
@@ -6554,7 +6611,7 @@
   return false;
 }
 
-#if GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+#if GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_ && GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 static void LoadFlagsFromFile(const std::string& path) {
   FILE* flagfile = posix::FOpen(path.c_str(), "r");
   if (!flagfile) {
@@ -6570,7 +6627,7 @@
     if (!ParseGoogleTestFlag(lines[i].c_str())) g_help_flag = true;
   }
 }
-#endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+#endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_ && GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
 
 // Parses the command line for Google Test flags, without initializing
 // other parts of Google Test.  The type parameter CharType can be
@@ -6587,12 +6644,12 @@
     bool remove_flag = false;
     if (ParseGoogleTestFlag(arg)) {
       remove_flag = true;
-#if GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+#if GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_ && GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
     } else if (ParseFlag(arg, "flagfile", &flagfile_value)) {
       GTEST_FLAG_SET(flagfile, flagfile_value);
       LoadFlagsFromFile(flagfile_value);
       remove_flag = true;
-#endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
+#endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_ && GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
     } else if (arg_string == "--help" || HasGoogleTestFlagPrefix(arg)) {
       // Both help flag and unrecognized Google Test flags (excluding
       // internal ones) trigger help display.
@@ -6628,12 +6685,11 @@
 // Parses the command line for Google Test flags, without initializing
 // other parts of Google Test.
 void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, char** argv) {
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_ABSL
   if (*argc > 0) {
     // absl::ParseCommandLine() requires *argc > 0.
     auto positional_args = absl::flags_internal::ParseCommandLineImpl(
-        *argc, argv, absl::flags_internal::ArgvListAction::kRemoveParsedArgs,
-        absl::flags_internal::UsageFlagsAction::kHandleUsage,
+        *argc, argv, absl::flags_internal::UsageFlagsAction::kHandleUsage,
         absl::flags_internal::OnUndefinedFlag::kReportUndefined);
     // Any command-line positional arguments not part of any command-line flag
     // (or arguments to a flag) are copied back out to argv, with the program
@@ -6653,7 +6709,7 @@
   // Fix the value of *_NSGetArgc() on macOS, but if and only if
   // *_NSGetArgv() == argv
   // Only applicable to char** version of argv
-#if GTEST_OS_MAC
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_MAC
 #ifndef GTEST_OS_IOS
   if (*_NSGetArgv() == argv) {
     *_NSGetArgc() = *argc;
@@ -6681,7 +6737,7 @@
     g_argvs.push_back(StreamableToString(argv[i]));
   }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_ABSL
   absl::InitializeSymbolizer(g_argvs[0].c_str());
 
   // When using the Abseil Flags library, set the program usage message to the
@@ -6740,12 +6796,13 @@
 #endif  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_FUNCTION_)
 }
 
-#if !defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_TEMPDIR_FUNCTION_)
-// Return value of first environment variable that is set and contains
-// a non-empty string. If there are none, return the "fallback" string.
-// Since we like the temporary directory to have a directory separator suffix,
-// add it if not provided in the environment variable value.
-static std::string GetTempDirFromEnv(
+#if !defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_TEMPDIR_FUNCTION_) || \
+    !defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_SRCDIR_FUNCTION_)
+// Returns the value of the first environment variable that is set and contains
+// a non-empty string. If there are none, returns the "fallback" string. Adds
+// the director-separator character as a suffix if not provided in the
+// environment variable value.
+static std::string GetDirFromEnv(
     std::initializer_list<const char*> environment_variables,
     const char* fallback, char separator) {
   for (const char* variable_name : environment_variables) {
@@ -6764,15 +6821,41 @@
 std::string TempDir() {
 #if defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_TEMPDIR_FUNCTION_)
   return GTEST_CUSTOM_TEMPDIR_FUNCTION_();
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-  return GetTempDirFromEnv({"TEST_TMPDIR", "TEMP"}, "\\temp\\", '\\');
-#elif GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
-  return GetTempDirFromEnv({"TEST_TMPDIR", "TMPDIR"}, "/data/local/tmp/", '/');
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) || defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE)
+  return GetDirFromEnv({"TEST_TMPDIR", "TEMP"}, "\\temp\\", '\\');
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID)
+  return GetDirFromEnv({"TEST_TMPDIR", "TMPDIR"}, "/data/local/tmp/", '/');
 #else
-  return GetTempDirFromEnv({"TEST_TMPDIR", "TMPDIR"}, "/tmp/", '/');
+  return GetDirFromEnv({"TEST_TMPDIR", "TMPDIR"}, "/tmp/", '/');
 #endif
 }
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM && !defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_SRCDIR_FUNCTION_)
+// Returns the directory path (including terminating separator) of the current
+// executable as derived from argv[0].
+static std::string GetCurrentExecutableDirectory() {
+  internal::FilePath argv_0(internal::GetArgvs()[0]);
+  return argv_0.RemoveFileName().string();
+}
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
+std::string SrcDir() {
+#if defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_SRCDIR_FUNCTION_)
+  return GTEST_CUSTOM_SRCDIR_FUNCTION_();
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) || defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE)
+  return GetDirFromEnv({"TEST_SRCDIR"}, GetCurrentExecutableDirectory().c_str(),
+                       '\\');
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID)
+  return GetDirFromEnv({"TEST_SRCDIR"}, GetCurrentExecutableDirectory().c_str(),
+                       '/');
+#else
+  return GetDirFromEnv({"TEST_SRCDIR"}, GetCurrentExecutableDirectory().c_str(),
+                       '/');
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
 // Class ScopedTrace
 
 // Pushes the given source file location and message onto a per-thread
diff --git a/googletest/src/gtest_main.cc b/googletest/src/gtest_main.cc
index 4497637..c2e3b3c 100644
--- a/googletest/src/gtest_main.cc
+++ b/googletest/src/gtest_main.cc
@@ -31,19 +31,31 @@
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
-#if GTEST_OS_ESP8266 || GTEST_OS_ESP32
-#if GTEST_OS_ESP8266
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_ESP8266) || defined(GTEST_OS_ESP32)
+// Arduino-like platforms: program entry points are setup/loop instead of main.
+
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_ESP8266
 extern "C" {
 #endif
+
 void setup() { testing::InitGoogleTest(); }
 
 void loop() { RUN_ALL_TESTS(); }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_ESP8266
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_ESP8266
 }
 #endif
 
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_QURT)
+// QuRT: program entry point is main, but argc/argv are unusable.
+
+GTEST_API_ int main() {
+  printf("Running main() from %s\n", __FILE__);
+  testing::InitGoogleTest();
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
 #else
+// Normal platforms: program entry point is main, argc/argv are initialized.
 
 GTEST_API_ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   printf("Running main() from %s\n", __FILE__);
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-break-on-failure-unittest.py b/googletest/test/googletest-break-on-failure-unittest.py
index 4eafba3..e314b5c 100755
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-break-on-failure-unittest.py
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-break-on-failure-unittest.py
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@
 
 # Path to the googletest-break-on-failure-unittest_ program.
 EXE_PATH = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(
-    'googletest-break-on-failure-unittest_')
+    'googletest-break-on-failure-unittest_'
+)
 
 
 environ = gtest_test_utils.environ
@@ -87,22 +88,26 @@
 
 
 class GTestBreakOnFailureUnitTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
-  """Tests using the GTEST_BREAK_ON_FAILURE environment variable or
+  """Unit test for Google Test's break-on-failure mode.
+
+  Tests using the GTEST_BREAK_ON_FAILURE environment variable or
   the --gtest_break_on_failure flag to turn assertion failures into
   segmentation faults.
   """
 
   def RunAndVerify(self, env_var_value, flag_value, expect_seg_fault):
-    """Runs googletest-break-on-failure-unittest_ and verifies that it does
+    """Runs googletest-break-on-failure-unittest_ and verifies its behavior.
+
+    Runs googletest-break-on-failure-unittest_ and verifies that it does
     (or does not) have a seg-fault.
 
     Args:
       env_var_value:    value of the GTEST_BREAK_ON_FAILURE environment
-                        variable; None if the variable should be unset.
-      flag_value:       value of the --gtest_break_on_failure flag;
-                        None if the flag should not be present.
-      expect_seg_fault: 1 if the program is expected to generate a seg-fault;
-                        0 otherwise.
+        variable; None if the variable should be unset.
+      flag_value:       value of the --gtest_break_on_failure flag; None if the
+        flag should not be present.
+      expect_seg_fault: 1 if the program is expected to generate a seg-fault; 0
+        otherwise.
     """
 
     SetEnvVar(BREAK_ON_FAILURE_ENV_VAR, env_var_value)
@@ -132,74 +137,56 @@
 
     SetEnvVar(BREAK_ON_FAILURE_ENV_VAR, None)
 
-    msg = ('when %s%s, an assertion failure in "%s" %s cause a seg-fault.' %
-           (BREAK_ON_FAILURE_ENV_VAR, env_var_value_msg, ' '.join(command),
-            should_or_not))
-    self.assert_(has_seg_fault == expect_seg_fault, msg)
+    msg = 'when %s%s, an assertion failure in "%s" %s cause a seg-fault.' % (
+        BREAK_ON_FAILURE_ENV_VAR,
+        env_var_value_msg,
+        ' '.join(command),
+        should_or_not,
+    )
+    self.assertTrue(has_seg_fault == expect_seg_fault, msg)
 
   def testDefaultBehavior(self):
     """Tests the behavior of the default mode."""
 
-    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value=None,
-                      flag_value=None,
-                      expect_seg_fault=0)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value=None, flag_value=None, expect_seg_fault=0)
 
   def testEnvVar(self):
     """Tests using the GTEST_BREAK_ON_FAILURE environment variable."""
 
-    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='0',
-                      flag_value=None,
-                      expect_seg_fault=0)
-    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1',
-                      flag_value=None,
-                      expect_seg_fault=1)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='0', flag_value=None, expect_seg_fault=0)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1', flag_value=None, expect_seg_fault=1)
 
   def testFlag(self):
     """Tests using the --gtest_break_on_failure flag."""
 
-    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value=None,
-                      flag_value='0',
-                      expect_seg_fault=0)
-    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value=None,
-                      flag_value='1',
-                      expect_seg_fault=1)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value=None, flag_value='0', expect_seg_fault=0)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value=None, flag_value='1', expect_seg_fault=1)
 
   def testFlagOverridesEnvVar(self):
     """Tests that the flag overrides the environment variable."""
 
-    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='0',
-                      flag_value='0',
-                      expect_seg_fault=0)
-    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='0',
-                      flag_value='1',
-                      expect_seg_fault=1)
-    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1',
-                      flag_value='0',
-                      expect_seg_fault=0)
-    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1',
-                      flag_value='1',
-                      expect_seg_fault=1)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='0', flag_value='0', expect_seg_fault=0)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='0', flag_value='1', expect_seg_fault=1)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1', flag_value='0', expect_seg_fault=0)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1', flag_value='1', expect_seg_fault=1)
 
   def testBreakOnFailureOverridesThrowOnFailure(self):
     """Tests that gtest_break_on_failure overrides gtest_throw_on_failure."""
 
     SetEnvVar(THROW_ON_FAILURE_ENV_VAR, '1')
     try:
-      self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value=None,
-                        flag_value='1',
-                        expect_seg_fault=1)
+      self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value=None, flag_value='1', expect_seg_fault=1)
     finally:
       SetEnvVar(THROW_ON_FAILURE_ENV_VAR, None)
 
   if IS_WINDOWS:
+
     def testCatchExceptionsDoesNotInterfere(self):
       """Tests that gtest_catch_exceptions doesn't interfere."""
 
       SetEnvVar(CATCH_EXCEPTIONS_ENV_VAR, '1')
       try:
-        self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1',
-                          flag_value='1',
-                          expect_seg_fault=1)
+        self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1', flag_value='1', expect_seg_fault=1)
       finally:
         SetEnvVar(CATCH_EXCEPTIONS_ENV_VAR, None)
 
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-break-on-failure-unittest_.cc b/googletest/test/googletest-break-on-failure-unittest_.cc
index 324294f..337e34c 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-break-on-failure-unittest_.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-break-on-failure-unittest_.cc
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <windows.h>
 #endif
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 // A test that's expected to fail.
 TEST(Foo, Bar) { EXPECT_EQ(2, 3); }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_SEH && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if GTEST_HAS_SEH && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE)
 // On Windows Mobile global exception handlers are not supported.
 LONG WINAPI
 ExitWithExceptionCode(struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS* exception_pointers) {
@@ -60,12 +60,12 @@
 }  // namespace
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   // Suppresses display of the Windows error dialog upon encountering
   // a general protection fault (segment violation).
   SetErrorMode(SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX | SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_SEH && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if GTEST_HAS_SEH && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE)
 
   // The default unhandled exception filter does not always exit
   // with the exception code as exit code - for example it exits with
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-catch-exceptions-test.py b/googletest/test/googletest-catch-exceptions-test.py
index d38d91a..ee4dc9a 100755
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-catch-exceptions-test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-catch-exceptions-test.py
@@ -46,12 +46,14 @@
 # Path to the googletest-catch-exceptions-ex-test_ binary, compiled with
 # exceptions enabled.
 EX_EXE_PATH = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(
-    'googletest-catch-exceptions-ex-test_')
+    'googletest-catch-exceptions-ex-test_'
+)
 
 # Path to the googletest-catch-exceptions-test_ binary, compiled with
 # exceptions disabled.
 EXE_PATH = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(
-    'googletest-catch-exceptions-no-ex-test_')
+    'googletest-catch-exceptions-no-ex-test_'
+)
 
 environ = gtest_test_utils.environ
 SetEnvVar = gtest_test_utils.SetEnvVar
@@ -64,7 +66,8 @@
 SetEnvVar(gtest_test_utils.PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE_ENV_VAR, None)
 
 TEST_LIST = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
-    [EXE_PATH, LIST_TESTS_FLAG], env=environ).output
+    [EXE_PATH, LIST_TESTS_FLAG], env=environ
+).output
 
 SUPPORTS_SEH_EXCEPTIONS = 'ThrowsSehException' in TEST_LIST
 
@@ -72,33 +75,47 @@
   BINARY_OUTPUT = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess([EXE_PATH], env=environ).output
 
 EX_BINARY_OUTPUT = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
-    [EX_EXE_PATH], env=environ).output
+    [EX_EXE_PATH], env=environ
+).output
 
 
 # The tests.
 if SUPPORTS_SEH_EXCEPTIONS:
-  # pylint:disable-msg=C6302
+
   class CatchSehExceptionsTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
     """Tests exception-catching behavior."""
 
-
     def TestSehExceptions(self, test_output):
-      self.assert_('SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown '
-                   'in the test fixture\'s constructor'
-                   in test_output)
-      self.assert_('SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown '
-                   'in the test fixture\'s destructor'
-                   in test_output)
-      self.assert_('SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown in SetUpTestSuite()'
-                   in test_output)
-      self.assert_('SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown in TearDownTestSuite()'
-                   in test_output)
-      self.assert_('SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown in SetUp()'
-                   in test_output)
-      self.assert_('SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown in TearDown()'
-                   in test_output)
-      self.assert_('SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown in the test body'
-                   in test_output)
+      self.assertIn(
+          (
+              'SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown '
+              "in the test fixture's constructor"
+          ),
+          test_output,
+      )
+      self.assertIn(
+          (
+              'SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown '
+              "in the test fixture's destructor"
+          ),
+          test_output,
+      )
+      self.assertIn(
+          'SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown in SetUpTestSuite()', test_output
+      )
+      self.assertIn(
+          'SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown in TearDownTestSuite()',
+          test_output,
+      )
+      self.assertIn(
+          'SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown in SetUp()', test_output
+      )
+      self.assertIn(
+          'SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown in TearDown()', test_output
+      )
+      self.assertIn(
+          'SEH exception with code 0x2a thrown in the test body', test_output
+      )
 
     def testCatchesSehExceptionsWithCxxExceptionsEnabled(self):
       self.TestSehExceptions(EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
@@ -110,111 +127,172 @@
 class CatchCxxExceptionsTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
   """Tests C++ exception-catching behavior.
 
-     Tests in this test case verify that:
-     * C++ exceptions are caught and logged as C++ (not SEH) exceptions
-     * Exception thrown affect the remainder of the test work flow in the
-       expected manner.
+  Tests in this test case verify that:
+  * C++ exceptions are caught and logged as C++ (not SEH) exceptions
+  * Exception thrown affect the remainder of the test work flow in the
+    expected manner.
   """
 
   def testCatchesCxxExceptionsInFixtureConstructor(self):
     self.assertTrue(
         'C++ exception with description '
         '"Standard C++ exception" thrown '
-        'in the test fixture\'s constructor' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
-        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
-    self.assert_('unexpected' not in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
-                 'This failure belongs in this test only if '
-                 '"CxxExceptionInConstructorTest" (no quotes) '
-                 'appears on the same line as words "called unexpectedly"')
+        "in the test fixture's constructor"
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
+    self.assertTrue(
+        'unexpected' not in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        (
+            'This failure belongs in this test only if '
+            '"CxxExceptionInConstructorTest" (no quotes) '
+            'appears on the same line as words "called unexpectedly"'
+        ),
+    )
 
-  if ('CxxExceptionInDestructorTest.ThrowsExceptionInDestructor' in
-      EX_BINARY_OUTPUT):
+  if (
+      'CxxExceptionInDestructorTest.ThrowsExceptionInDestructor'
+      in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT
+  ):
 
     def testCatchesCxxExceptionsInFixtureDestructor(self):
       self.assertTrue(
           'C++ exception with description '
           '"Standard C++ exception" thrown '
-          'in the test fixture\'s destructor' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
-          EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+          "in the test fixture's destructor"
+          in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+          EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+      )
       self.assertTrue(
           'CxxExceptionInDestructorTest::TearDownTestSuite() '
-          'called as expected.' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+          'called as expected.'
+          in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+          EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+      )
 
   def testCatchesCxxExceptionsInSetUpTestCase(self):
     self.assertTrue(
         'C++ exception with description "Standard C++ exception"'
-        ' thrown in SetUpTestSuite()' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+        ' thrown in SetUpTestSuite()'
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
     self.assertTrue(
-        'CxxExceptionInConstructorTest::TearDownTestSuite() '
-        'called as expected.' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+        'CxxExceptionInConstructorTest::TearDownTestSuite() called as expected.'
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
     self.assertFalse(
-        'CxxExceptionInSetUpTestSuiteTest constructor '
-        'called as expected.' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+        'CxxExceptionInSetUpTestSuiteTest constructor called as expected.'
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
     self.assertFalse(
-        'CxxExceptionInSetUpTestSuiteTest destructor '
-        'called as expected.' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+        'CxxExceptionInSetUpTestSuiteTest destructor called as expected.'
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
     self.assertFalse(
-        'CxxExceptionInSetUpTestSuiteTest::SetUp() '
-        'called as expected.' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+        'CxxExceptionInSetUpTestSuiteTest::SetUp() called as expected.'
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
     self.assertFalse(
-        'CxxExceptionInSetUpTestSuiteTest::TearDown() '
-        'called as expected.' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+        'CxxExceptionInSetUpTestSuiteTest::TearDown() called as expected.'
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
     self.assertFalse(
-        'CxxExceptionInSetUpTestSuiteTest test body '
-        'called as expected.' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+        'CxxExceptionInSetUpTestSuiteTest test body called as expected.'
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
 
   def testCatchesCxxExceptionsInTearDownTestCase(self):
     self.assertTrue(
         'C++ exception with description "Standard C++ exception"'
-        ' thrown in TearDownTestSuite()' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+        ' thrown in TearDownTestSuite()'
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
 
   def testCatchesCxxExceptionsInSetUp(self):
     self.assertTrue(
         'C++ exception with description "Standard C++ exception"'
-        ' thrown in SetUp()' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+        ' thrown in SetUp()'
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
     self.assertTrue(
-        'CxxExceptionInSetUpTest::TearDownTestSuite() '
-        'called as expected.' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+        'CxxExceptionInSetUpTest::TearDownTestSuite() called as expected.'
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
     self.assertTrue(
-        'CxxExceptionInSetUpTest destructor '
-        'called as expected.' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+        'CxxExceptionInSetUpTest destructor called as expected.'
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
     self.assertTrue(
-        'CxxExceptionInSetUpTest::TearDown() '
-        'called as expected.' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
-    self.assert_('unexpected' not in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
-                 'This failure belongs in this test only if '
-                 '"CxxExceptionInSetUpTest" (no quotes) '
-                 'appears on the same line as words "called unexpectedly"')
+        'CxxExceptionInSetUpTest::TearDown() called as expected.'
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
+    self.assertTrue(
+        'unexpected' not in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        (
+            'This failure belongs in this test only if '
+            '"CxxExceptionInSetUpTest" (no quotes) '
+            'appears on the same line as words "called unexpectedly"'
+        ),
+    )
 
   def testCatchesCxxExceptionsInTearDown(self):
     self.assertTrue(
         'C++ exception with description "Standard C++ exception"'
-        ' thrown in TearDown()' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+        ' thrown in TearDown()'
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
     self.assertTrue(
-        'CxxExceptionInTearDownTest::TearDownTestSuite() '
-        'called as expected.' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+        'CxxExceptionInTearDownTest::TearDownTestSuite() called as expected.'
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
     self.assertTrue(
-        'CxxExceptionInTearDownTest destructor '
-        'called as expected.' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+        'CxxExceptionInTearDownTest destructor called as expected.'
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
 
   def testCatchesCxxExceptionsInTestBody(self):
     self.assertTrue(
         'C++ exception with description "Standard C++ exception"'
-        ' thrown in the test body' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+        ' thrown in the test body'
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
     self.assertTrue(
-        'CxxExceptionInTestBodyTest::TearDownTestSuite() '
-        'called as expected.' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+        'CxxExceptionInTestBodyTest::TearDownTestSuite() called as expected.'
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
     self.assertTrue(
-        'CxxExceptionInTestBodyTest destructor '
-        'called as expected.' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+        'CxxExceptionInTestBodyTest destructor called as expected.'
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
     self.assertTrue(
-        'CxxExceptionInTestBodyTest::TearDown() '
-        'called as expected.' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT, EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+        'CxxExceptionInTestBodyTest::TearDown() called as expected.'
+        in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
 
   def testCatchesNonStdCxxExceptions(self):
     self.assertTrue(
         'Unknown C++ exception thrown in the test body' in EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
-        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT)
+        EX_BINARY_OUTPUT,
+    )
 
   def testUnhandledCxxExceptionsAbortTheProgram(self):
     # Filters out SEH exception tests on Windows. Unhandled SEH exceptions
@@ -222,14 +300,15 @@
     FITLER_OUT_SEH_TESTS_FLAG = FILTER_FLAG + '=-*Seh*'
     # By default, Google Test doesn't catch the exceptions.
     uncaught_exceptions_ex_binary_output = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
-        [EX_EXE_PATH,
-         NO_CATCH_EXCEPTIONS_FLAG,
-         FITLER_OUT_SEH_TESTS_FLAG],
-        env=environ).output
+        [EX_EXE_PATH, NO_CATCH_EXCEPTIONS_FLAG, FITLER_OUT_SEH_TESTS_FLAG],
+        env=environ,
+    ).output
 
-    self.assert_('Unhandled C++ exception terminating the program'
-                 in uncaught_exceptions_ex_binary_output)
-    self.assert_('unexpected' not in uncaught_exceptions_ex_binary_output)
+    self.assertIn(
+        'Unhandled C++ exception terminating the program',
+        uncaught_exceptions_ex_binary_output,
+    )
+    self.assertNotIn('unexpected', uncaught_exceptions_ex_binary_output)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-color-test.py b/googletest/test/googletest-color-test.py
index c22752d..8926a48 100755
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-color-test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-color-test.py
@@ -65,62 +65,64 @@
 
 
 class GTestColorTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
+
   def testNoEnvVarNoFlag(self):
     """Tests the case when there's neither GTEST_COLOR nor --gtest_color."""
 
     if not IS_WINDOWS:
-      self.assert_(not UsesColor('dumb', None, None))
-      self.assert_(not UsesColor('emacs', None, None))
-      self.assert_(not UsesColor('xterm-mono', None, None))
-      self.assert_(not UsesColor('unknown', None, None))
-      self.assert_(not UsesColor(None, None, None))
-    self.assert_(UsesColor('linux', None, None))
-    self.assert_(UsesColor('cygwin', None, None))
-    self.assert_(UsesColor('xterm', None, None))
-    self.assert_(UsesColor('xterm-color', None, None))
-    self.assert_(UsesColor('xterm-256color', None, None))
+      self.assertTrue(not UsesColor('dumb', None, None))
+      self.assertTrue(not UsesColor('emacs', None, None))
+      self.assertTrue(not UsesColor('xterm-mono', None, None))
+      self.assertTrue(not UsesColor('unknown', None, None))
+      self.assertTrue(not UsesColor(None, None, None))
+    self.assertTrue(UsesColor('linux', None, None))
+    self.assertTrue(UsesColor('cygwin', None, None))
+    self.assertTrue(UsesColor('xterm', None, None))
+    self.assertTrue(UsesColor('xterm-color', None, None))
+    self.assertTrue(UsesColor('xterm-kitty', None, None))
+    self.assertTrue(UsesColor('xterm-256color', None, None))
 
   def testFlagOnly(self):
     """Tests the case when there's --gtest_color but not GTEST_COLOR."""
 
-    self.assert_(not UsesColor('dumb', None, 'no'))
-    self.assert_(not UsesColor('xterm-color', None, 'no'))
+    self.assertTrue(not UsesColor('dumb', None, 'no'))
+    self.assertTrue(not UsesColor('xterm-color', None, 'no'))
     if not IS_WINDOWS:
-      self.assert_(not UsesColor('emacs', None, 'auto'))
-    self.assert_(UsesColor('xterm', None, 'auto'))
-    self.assert_(UsesColor('dumb', None, 'yes'))
-    self.assert_(UsesColor('xterm', None, 'yes'))
+      self.assertTrue(not UsesColor('emacs', None, 'auto'))
+    self.assertTrue(UsesColor('xterm', None, 'auto'))
+    self.assertTrue(UsesColor('dumb', None, 'yes'))
+    self.assertTrue(UsesColor('xterm', None, 'yes'))
 
   def testEnvVarOnly(self):
     """Tests the case when there's GTEST_COLOR but not --gtest_color."""
 
-    self.assert_(not UsesColor('dumb', 'no', None))
-    self.assert_(not UsesColor('xterm-color', 'no', None))
+    self.assertTrue(not UsesColor('dumb', 'no', None))
+    self.assertTrue(not UsesColor('xterm-color', 'no', None))
     if not IS_WINDOWS:
-      self.assert_(not UsesColor('dumb', 'auto', None))
-    self.assert_(UsesColor('xterm-color', 'auto', None))
-    self.assert_(UsesColor('dumb', 'yes', None))
-    self.assert_(UsesColor('xterm-color', 'yes', None))
+      self.assertTrue(not UsesColor('dumb', 'auto', None))
+    self.assertTrue(UsesColor('xterm-color', 'auto', None))
+    self.assertTrue(UsesColor('dumb', 'yes', None))
+    self.assertTrue(UsesColor('xterm-color', 'yes', None))
 
   def testEnvVarAndFlag(self):
     """Tests the case when there are both GTEST_COLOR and --gtest_color."""
 
-    self.assert_(not UsesColor('xterm-color', 'no', 'no'))
-    self.assert_(UsesColor('dumb', 'no', 'yes'))
-    self.assert_(UsesColor('xterm-color', 'no', 'auto'))
+    self.assertTrue(not UsesColor('xterm-color', 'no', 'no'))
+    self.assertTrue(UsesColor('dumb', 'no', 'yes'))
+    self.assertTrue(UsesColor('xterm-color', 'no', 'auto'))
 
   def testAliasesOfYesAndNo(self):
     """Tests using aliases in specifying --gtest_color."""
 
-    self.assert_(UsesColor('dumb', None, 'true'))
-    self.assert_(UsesColor('dumb', None, 'YES'))
-    self.assert_(UsesColor('dumb', None, 'T'))
-    self.assert_(UsesColor('dumb', None, '1'))
+    self.assertTrue(UsesColor('dumb', None, 'true'))
+    self.assertTrue(UsesColor('dumb', None, 'YES'))
+    self.assertTrue(UsesColor('dumb', None, 'T'))
+    self.assertTrue(UsesColor('dumb', None, '1'))
 
-    self.assert_(not UsesColor('xterm', None, 'f'))
-    self.assert_(not UsesColor('xterm', None, 'false'))
-    self.assert_(not UsesColor('xterm', None, '0'))
-    self.assert_(not UsesColor('xterm', None, 'unknown'))
+    self.assertTrue(not UsesColor('xterm', None, 'f'))
+    self.assertTrue(not UsesColor('xterm', None, 'false'))
+    self.assertTrue(not UsesColor('xterm', None, '0'))
+    self.assertTrue(not UsesColor('xterm', None, 'unknown'))
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-death-test-test.cc b/googletest/test/googletest-death-test-test.cc
index 4737ff9..3579ce8 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-death-test-test.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-death-test-test.cc
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@
 using testing::internal::AlwaysFalse;
 using testing::internal::AlwaysTrue;
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 #include <direct.h>  // For chdir().
 #include <fcntl.h>   // For O_BINARY
 #include <io.h>
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_LINUX
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
   return 12;
 }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // Death in dbg due to Windows CRT assertion failure, not opt.
 int DieInCRTDebugElse12(int* sideeffect) {
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@
 
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) || defined(GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
 
 // Tests the ExitedWithCode predicate.
 TEST(ExitStatusPredicateTest, ExitedWithCode) {
@@ -327,23 +327,6 @@
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 #endif
 
-#if GTEST_USES_PCRE
-
-void DieWithEmbeddedNul() {
-  fprintf(stderr, "Hello%cmy null world.\n", '\0');
-  fflush(stderr);
-  _exit(1);
-}
-
-// Tests that EXPECT_DEATH and ASSERT_DEATH work when the error
-// message has a NUL character in it.
-TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, EmbeddedNulInMessage) {
-  EXPECT_DEATH(DieWithEmbeddedNul(), "my null world");
-  ASSERT_DEATH(DieWithEmbeddedNul(), "my null world");
-}
-
-#endif  // GTEST_USES_PCRE
-
 // Tests that death test macros expand to code which interacts well with switch
 // statements.
 TEST_F(TestForDeathTest, SwitchStatement) {
@@ -391,7 +374,7 @@
   ASSERT_DEATH(_exit(1), "");
 }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_LINUX
 void SigprofAction(int, siginfo_t*, void*) { /* no op */
 }
 
@@ -521,16 +504,12 @@
   const testing::internal::RE regex(regex_c_str);
   EXPECT_DEATH(GlobalFunction(), regex);
 
-#if !GTEST_USES_PCRE
-
   const ::std::string regex_std_str(regex_c_str);
   EXPECT_DEATH(GlobalFunction(), regex_std_str);
 
   // This one is tricky; a temporary pointer into another temporary.  Reference
   // lifetime extension of the pointer is not sufficient.
   EXPECT_DEATH(GlobalFunction(), ::std::string(regex_c_str).c_str());
-
-#endif  // !GTEST_USES_PCRE
 }
 
 // Tests that a non-void function can be used in a death test.
@@ -662,7 +641,7 @@
 #endif
 }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/crtsetreportmode
 // In debug mode, the calls to _CrtSetReportMode and _CrtSetReportFile enable
@@ -714,7 +693,7 @@
   *aborted = false;
 }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 TEST(PopUpDeathTest, DoesNotShowPopUpOnAbort) {
   printf(
       "This test should be considered failing if it shows "
@@ -826,14 +805,14 @@
   EXPECT_EXIT(_exit(1), testing::ExitedWithCode(1), "");
   ASSERT_EXIT(_exit(42), testing::ExitedWithCode(42), "");
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
   // Of all signals effects on the process exit code, only those of SIGABRT
   // are documented on Windows.
   // See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/query-bi/m/dwwzkt4c.
   EXPECT_EXIT(raise(SIGABRT), testing::ExitedWithCode(3), "") << "b_ar";
 
-#elif !GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#elif !defined(GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
 
   // Fuchsia has no unix signals.
   EXPECT_EXIT(raise(SIGKILL), testing::KilledBySignal(SIGKILL), "") << "foo";
@@ -1198,7 +1177,7 @@
   EXPECT_STREQ("", GetLastErrnoDescription().c_str());
 }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 TEST(AutoHandleTest, AutoHandleWorks) {
   HANDLE handle = ::CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
   ASSERT_NE(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, handle);
@@ -1225,7 +1204,7 @@
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 typedef unsigned __int64 BiggestParsable;
 typedef signed __int64 BiggestSignedParsable;
 #else
@@ -1322,7 +1301,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(123, char_result);
 }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 TEST(EnvironmentTest, HandleFitsIntoSizeT) {
   ASSERT_TRUE(sizeof(HANDLE) <= sizeof(size_t));
 }
@@ -1374,7 +1353,7 @@
 TEST(MatcherDeathTest, DoesNotBreakBareRegexMatching) {
   // googletest tests this, of course; here we ensure that including googlemock
   // has not broken it.
-#if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+#ifdef GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
   EXPECT_DEATH(DieWithMessage("O, I die, Horatio."), "I d[aeiou]e");
 #else
   EXPECT_DEATH(DieWithMessage("O, I die, Horatio."), "I di?e");
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-death-test_ex_test.cc b/googletest/test/googletest-death-test_ex_test.cc
index f2515e3..34d5501 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-death-test_ex_test.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-death-test_ex_test.cc
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 #include "gtest/gtest-death-test.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_SEH
 #include <windows.h>  // For RaiseException().
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-env-var-test.py b/googletest/test/googletest-env-var-test.py
index bc4d87d..24d8edb 100755
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-env-var-test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-env-var-test.py
@@ -101,7 +101,6 @@
       TestFlag('death_test_use_fork', '1', '0')
       TestFlag('stack_trace_depth', '0', '100')
 
-
   def testXmlOutputFile(self):
     """Tests that $XML_OUTPUT_FILE affects the output flag."""
 
@@ -116,5 +115,6 @@
     SetEnvVar('XML_OUTPUT_FILE', 'tmp/bar.xml')
     AssertEq('xml:tmp/foo.xml', GetFlag('output'))
 
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   gtest_test_utils.Main()
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-failfast-unittest.py b/googletest/test/googletest-failfast-unittest.py
index 1356d4f..cdbce0c 100755
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-failfast-unittest.py
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-failfast-unittest.py
@@ -62,15 +62,18 @@
 
 # Command to run the googletest-failfast-unittest_ program.
 COMMAND = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(
-    'googletest-failfast-unittest_')
+    'googletest-failfast-unittest_'
+)
 
 # The command line flag to tell Google Test to output the list of tests it
 # will run.
 LIST_TESTS_FLAG = '--gtest_list_tests'
 
 # Indicates whether Google Test supports death tests.
-SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS = 'HasDeathTest' in gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
-    [COMMAND, LIST_TESTS_FLAG]).output
+SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS = (
+    'HasDeathTest'
+    in gtest_test_utils.Subprocess([COMMAND, LIST_TESTS_FLAG]).output
+)
 
 # Utilities.
 
@@ -90,8 +93,9 @@
   """Runs the test program and returns its output."""
 
   args = []
-  xml_path = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
-                          '.GTestFailFastUnitTest.xml')
+  xml_path = os.path.join(
+      gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(), '.GTestFailFastUnitTest.xml'
+  )
   args += ['--gtest_output=xml:' + xml_path]
   if fail_fast is not None:
     if isinstance(fail_fast, str):
@@ -188,49 +192,63 @@
     txt, _ = RunAndReturnOutput(test_suite='HasSkipTest', fail_fast=True)
     self.assertIn('1 FAILED TEST', txt)
     self.assertIn('[  SKIPPED ] 3 tests', txt)
-    for expected_count, callback in [(1, 'OnTestSuiteStart'),
-                                     (5, 'OnTestStart'),
-                                     (5, 'OnTestEnd'),
-                                     (5, 'OnTestPartResult'),
-                                     (1, 'OnTestSuiteEnd')]:
+    for expected_count, callback in [
+        (1, 'OnTestSuiteStart'),
+        (5, 'OnTestStart'),
+        (5, 'OnTestEnd'),
+        (5, 'OnTestPartResult'),
+        (1, 'OnTestSuiteEnd'),
+    ]:
       self.assertEqual(
-          expected_count, txt.count(callback),
-          'Expected %d calls to callback %s match count on output: %s ' %
-          (expected_count, callback, txt))
+          expected_count,
+          txt.count(callback),
+          'Expected %d calls to callback %s match count on output: %s '
+          % (expected_count, callback, txt),
+      )
 
     txt, _ = RunAndReturnOutput(test_suite='HasSkipTest', fail_fast=False)
     self.assertIn('3 FAILED TEST', txt)
     self.assertIn('[  SKIPPED ] 1 test', txt)
-    for expected_count, callback in [(1, 'OnTestSuiteStart'),
-                                     (5, 'OnTestStart'),
-                                     (5, 'OnTestEnd'),
-                                     (5, 'OnTestPartResult'),
-                                     (1, 'OnTestSuiteEnd')]:
+    for expected_count, callback in [
+        (1, 'OnTestSuiteStart'),
+        (5, 'OnTestStart'),
+        (5, 'OnTestEnd'),
+        (5, 'OnTestPartResult'),
+        (1, 'OnTestSuiteEnd'),
+    ]:
       self.assertEqual(
-          expected_count, txt.count(callback),
-          'Expected %d calls to callback %s match count on output: %s ' %
-          (expected_count, callback, txt))
+          expected_count,
+          txt.count(callback),
+          'Expected %d calls to callback %s match count on output: %s '
+          % (expected_count, callback, txt),
+      )
 
   def assertXmlResultCount(self, result, count, xml):
     self.assertEqual(
-        count, xml.count('result="%s"' % result),
-        'Expected \'result="%s"\' match count of %s: %s ' %
-        (result, count, xml))
+        count,
+        xml.count('result="%s"' % result),
+        'Expected \'result="%s"\' match count of %s: %s '
+        % (result, count, xml),
+    )
 
   def assertXmlStatusCount(self, status, count, xml):
     self.assertEqual(
-        count, xml.count('status="%s"' % status),
-        'Expected \'status="%s"\' match count of %s: %s ' %
-        (status, count, xml))
+        count,
+        xml.count('status="%s"' % status),
+        'Expected \'status="%s"\' match count of %s: %s '
+        % (status, count, xml),
+    )
 
-  def assertFailFastXmlAndTxtOutput(self,
-                                    fail_fast,
-                                    test_suite,
-                                    passed_count,
-                                    failure_count,
-                                    skipped_count,
-                                    suppressed_count,
-                                    run_disabled=False):
+  def assertFailFastXmlAndTxtOutput(
+      self,
+      fail_fast,
+      test_suite,
+      passed_count,
+      failure_count,
+      skipped_count,
+      suppressed_count,
+      run_disabled=False,
+  ):
     """Assert XML and text output of a test execution."""
 
     txt, xml = RunAndReturnOutput(test_suite, fail_fast, run_disabled)
@@ -240,40 +258,57 @@
       self.assertIn('%s DISABLED TEST' % suppressed_count, txt)
     if skipped_count > 0:
       self.assertIn('[  SKIPPED ] %s tests' % skipped_count, txt)
-    self.assertXmlStatusCount('run',
-                              passed_count + failure_count + skipped_count, xml)
+    self.assertXmlStatusCount(
+        'run', passed_count + failure_count + skipped_count, xml
+    )
     self.assertXmlStatusCount('notrun', suppressed_count, xml)
     self.assertXmlResultCount('completed', passed_count + failure_count, xml)
     self.assertXmlResultCount('skipped', skipped_count, xml)
     self.assertXmlResultCount('suppressed', suppressed_count, xml)
 
-  def assertFailFastBehavior(self,
-                             test_suite,
-                             passed_count,
-                             failure_count,
-                             skipped_count,
-                             suppressed_count,
-                             run_disabled=False):
+  def assertFailFastBehavior(
+      self,
+      test_suite,
+      passed_count,
+      failure_count,
+      skipped_count,
+      suppressed_count,
+      run_disabled=False,
+  ):
     """Assert --fail_fast via flag."""
 
     for fail_fast in ('true', '1', 't', True):
-      self.assertFailFastXmlAndTxtOutput(fail_fast, test_suite, passed_count,
-                                         failure_count, skipped_count,
-                                         suppressed_count, run_disabled)
+      self.assertFailFastXmlAndTxtOutput(
+          fail_fast,
+          test_suite,
+          passed_count,
+          failure_count,
+          skipped_count,
+          suppressed_count,
+          run_disabled,
+      )
 
-  def assertNotFailFastBehavior(self,
-                                test_suite,
-                                passed_count,
-                                failure_count,
-                                skipped_count,
-                                suppressed_count,
-                                run_disabled=False):
+  def assertNotFailFastBehavior(
+      self,
+      test_suite,
+      passed_count,
+      failure_count,
+      skipped_count,
+      suppressed_count,
+      run_disabled=False,
+  ):
     """Assert --nofail_fast via flag."""
 
     for fail_fast in ('false', '0', 'f', False):
-      self.assertFailFastXmlAndTxtOutput(fail_fast, test_suite, passed_count,
-                                         failure_count, skipped_count,
-                                         suppressed_count, run_disabled)
+      self.assertFailFastXmlAndTxtOutput(
+          fail_fast,
+          test_suite,
+          passed_count,
+          failure_count,
+          skipped_count,
+          suppressed_count,
+          run_disabled,
+      )
 
   def testFlag_HasFixtureTest(self):
     """Tests the behavior of fail_fast and TEST_F."""
@@ -282,13 +317,15 @@
         passed_count=1,
         failure_count=1,
         skipped_count=3,
-        suppressed_count=0)
+        suppressed_count=0,
+    )
     self.assertNotFailFastBehavior(
         test_suite='HasFixtureTest',
         passed_count=1,
         failure_count=4,
         skipped_count=0,
-        suppressed_count=0)
+        suppressed_count=0,
+    )
 
   def testFlag_HasSimpleTest(self):
     """Tests the behavior of fail_fast and TEST."""
@@ -297,13 +334,15 @@
         passed_count=1,
         failure_count=1,
         skipped_count=3,
-        suppressed_count=0)
+        suppressed_count=0,
+    )
     self.assertNotFailFastBehavior(
         test_suite='HasSimpleTest',
         passed_count=1,
         failure_count=4,
         skipped_count=0,
-        suppressed_count=0)
+        suppressed_count=0,
+    )
 
   def testFlag_HasParametersTest(self):
     """Tests the behavior of fail_fast and TEST_P."""
@@ -312,13 +351,15 @@
         passed_count=0,
         failure_count=1,
         skipped_count=3,
-        suppressed_count=0)
+        suppressed_count=0,
+    )
     self.assertNotFailFastBehavior(
         test_suite='HasParametersSuite/HasParametersTest',
         passed_count=0,
         failure_count=4,
         skipped_count=0,
-        suppressed_count=0)
+        suppressed_count=0,
+    )
 
   def testFlag_HasDisabledTest(self):
     """Tests the behavior of fail_fast and Disabled test cases."""
@@ -328,14 +369,16 @@
         failure_count=1,
         skipped_count=2,
         suppressed_count=1,
-        run_disabled=False)
+        run_disabled=False,
+    )
     self.assertNotFailFastBehavior(
         test_suite='HasDisabledTest',
         passed_count=1,
         failure_count=3,
         skipped_count=0,
         suppressed_count=1,
-        run_disabled=False)
+        run_disabled=False,
+    )
 
   def testFlag_HasDisabledRunDisabledTest(self):
     """Tests the behavior of fail_fast and Disabled test cases enabled."""
@@ -345,14 +388,16 @@
         failure_count=1,
         skipped_count=3,
         suppressed_count=0,
-        run_disabled=True)
+        run_disabled=True,
+    )
     self.assertNotFailFastBehavior(
         test_suite='HasDisabledTest',
         passed_count=1,
         failure_count=4,
         skipped_count=0,
         suppressed_count=0,
-        run_disabled=True)
+        run_disabled=True,
+    )
 
   def testFlag_HasDisabledSuiteTest(self):
     """Tests the behavior of fail_fast and Disabled test suites."""
@@ -362,14 +407,16 @@
         failure_count=0,
         skipped_count=0,
         suppressed_count=5,
-        run_disabled=False)
+        run_disabled=False,
+    )
     self.assertNotFailFastBehavior(
         test_suite='DISABLED_HasDisabledSuite',
         passed_count=0,
         failure_count=0,
         skipped_count=0,
         suppressed_count=5,
-        run_disabled=False)
+        run_disabled=False,
+    )
 
   def testFlag_HasDisabledSuiteRunDisabledTest(self):
     """Tests the behavior of fail_fast and Disabled test suites enabled."""
@@ -379,14 +426,16 @@
         failure_count=1,
         skipped_count=3,
         suppressed_count=0,
-        run_disabled=True)
+        run_disabled=True,
+    )
     self.assertNotFailFastBehavior(
         test_suite='DISABLED_HasDisabledSuite',
         passed_count=1,
         failure_count=4,
         skipped_count=0,
         suppressed_count=0,
-        run_disabled=True)
+        run_disabled=True,
+    )
 
   if SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS:
 
@@ -397,13 +446,15 @@
           passed_count=1,
           failure_count=1,
           skipped_count=3,
-          suppressed_count=0)
+          suppressed_count=0,
+      )
       self.assertNotFailFastBehavior(
           test_suite='HasDeathTest',
           passed_count=1,
           failure_count=4,
           skipped_count=0,
-          suppressed_count=0)
+          suppressed_count=0,
+      )
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-filepath-test.cc b/googletest/test/googletest-filepath-test.cc
index fe53f84..0a33d71 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-filepath-test.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-filepath-test.cc
@@ -35,13 +35,15 @@
 // This file is #included from gtest-internal.h.
 // Do not #include this file anywhere else!
 
+#include <string>
+
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h"
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 #include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)
 #include <direct.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif               // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@
 namespace internal {
 namespace {
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
 // Windows CE doesn't have the remove C function.
 int remove(const char* path) {
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@
   const FilePath cwd = FilePath::GetCurrentDir();
   posix::ChDir(original_dir.c_str());
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_OS2
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) || defined(GTEST_OS_OS2)
 
   // Skips the ":".
   const char* const cwd_without_drive = strchr(cwd.c_str(), ':');
@@ -172,7 +174,7 @@
 
 // RemoveFileName "" -> "./"
 TEST(RemoveFileNameTest, EmptyName) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
   // On Windows CE, we use the root as the current directory.
   EXPECT_EQ(GTEST_PATH_SEP_, FilePath("").RemoveFileName().string());
 #else
@@ -355,7 +357,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(DirectoryTest, RootDirectoryExists) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS              // We are on Windows.
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS           // We are on Windows.
   char current_drive[_MAX_PATH];  // NOLINT
   current_drive[0] = static_cast<char>(_getdrive() + 'A' - 1);
   current_drive[1] = ':';
@@ -367,7 +369,7 @@
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 TEST(DirectoryTest, RootOfWrongDriveDoesNotExists) {
   const int saved_drive_ = _getdrive();
   // Find a drive that doesn't exist. Start with 'Z' to avoid common ones.
@@ -385,7 +387,7 @@
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifndef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Windows CE _does_ consider an empty directory to exist.
 TEST(DirectoryTest, EmptyPathDirectoryDoesNotExist) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("").DirectoryExists());
@@ -393,7 +395,7 @@
 #endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
 TEST(DirectoryTest, CurrentDirectoryExists) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  // We are on Windows.
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  // We are on Windows.
 #ifndef _WIN32_CE     // Windows CE doesn't have a current directory.
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath(".").DirectoryExists());
@@ -421,8 +423,13 @@
 // "/bar" == //bar" == "///bar"
 TEST(NormalizeTest, MultipleConsecutiveSeparatorsAtStringStart) {
   EXPECT_EQ(GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar", FilePath(GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar").string());
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  EXPECT_EQ(GTEST_PATH_SEP_ GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar",
+            FilePath(GTEST_PATH_SEP_ GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar").string());
+#else
   EXPECT_EQ(GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar",
             FilePath(GTEST_PATH_SEP_ GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar").string());
+#endif
   EXPECT_EQ(
       GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar",
       FilePath(GTEST_PATH_SEP_ GTEST_PATH_SEP_ GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "bar").string());
@@ -613,7 +620,7 @@
 TEST(FilePathTest, IsAbsolutePath) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("is" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "relative").IsAbsolutePath());
   EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("").IsAbsolutePath());
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   EXPECT_TRUE(
       FilePath("c:\\" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "is_not" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "relative")
           .IsAbsolutePath());
@@ -621,6 +628,9 @@
   EXPECT_TRUE(
       FilePath("c:/" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "is_not" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "relative")
           .IsAbsolutePath());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("d:/Windows").IsAbsolutePath());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("\\\\Host\\Share").IsAbsolutePath());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("\\\\Host\\Share\\Folder").IsAbsolutePath());
 #else
   EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath(GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "is_not" GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "relative")
                   .IsAbsolutePath());
@@ -628,7 +638,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(FilePathTest, IsRootDirectory) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("a:\\").IsRootDirectory());
   EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("Z:/").IsRootDirectory());
   EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("e://").IsRootDirectory());
@@ -637,6 +647,16 @@
   EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("b:a").IsRootDirectory());
   EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("8:/").IsRootDirectory());
   EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("c|/").IsRootDirectory());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("c:/").IsRootDirectory());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("d:/Windows").IsRootDirectory());
+
+  // This is for backward compatibility, since callers (even in this library)
+  // have assumed IsRootDirectory() implies a trailing directory separator.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("\\\\Host\\Share").IsRootDirectory());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("\\\\Host\\Share\\").IsRootDirectory());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("\\\\Host\\Share\\.").IsRootDirectory());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FilePath("\\\\Host\\Share\\C$\\").IsRootDirectory());
 #else
   EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("/").IsRootDirectory());
   EXPECT_TRUE(FilePath("//").IsRootDirectory());
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-filter-unittest.py b/googletest/test/googletest-filter-unittest.py
index 2c4a1b1..f1f3c7a 100755
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-filter-unittest.py
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-filter-unittest.py
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 
 import os
 import re
+
 try:
   from sets import Set as set  # For Python 2.3 compatibility
 except ImportError:
@@ -60,7 +61,8 @@
 if sys.executable:
   os.environ['EMPTY_VAR'] = ''
   child = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
-      [sys.executable, '-c', 'import os; print(\'EMPTY_VAR\' in os.environ)'])
+      [sys.executable, '-c', "import os; print('EMPTY_VAR' in os.environ)"]
+  )
   CAN_PASS_EMPTY_ENV = eval(child.output)
 
 
@@ -75,8 +77,8 @@
   os.environ['UNSET_VAR'] = 'X'
   del os.environ['UNSET_VAR']
   child = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
-      [sys.executable, '-c', 'import os; print(\'UNSET_VAR\' not in os.environ)'
-      ])
+      [sys.executable, '-c', "import os; print('UNSET_VAR' not in os.environ)"]
+  )
   CAN_UNSET_ENV = eval(child.output)
 
 
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@
 # make sense on platforms that cannot pass empty env variables (Win32)
 # and on platforms that cannot unset variables (since we cannot tell
 # the difference between "" and NULL -- Borland and Solaris < 5.10)
-CAN_TEST_EMPTY_FILTER = (CAN_PASS_EMPTY_ENV and CAN_UNSET_ENV)
+CAN_TEST_EMPTY_FILTER = CAN_PASS_EMPTY_ENV and CAN_UNSET_ENV
 
 
 # The environment variable for specifying the test filters.
@@ -121,8 +123,10 @@
 LIST_TESTS_FLAG = '--gtest_list_tests'
 
 # Indicates whether Google Test supports death tests.
-SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS = 'HasDeathTest' in gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
-    [COMMAND, LIST_TESTS_FLAG]).output
+SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS = (
+    'HasDeathTest'
+    in gtest_test_utils.Subprocess([COMMAND, LIST_TESTS_FLAG]).output
+)
 
 # Full names of all tests in googletest-filter-unittests_.
 PARAM_TESTS = [
@@ -134,7 +138,7 @@
     'SeqQ/ParamTest.TestX/1',
     'SeqQ/ParamTest.TestY/0',
     'SeqQ/ParamTest.TestY/1',
-    ]
+]
 
 DISABLED_TESTS = [
     'BarTest.DISABLED_TestFour',
@@ -143,29 +147,31 @@
     'DISABLED_FoobarTest.Test1',
     'DISABLED_FoobarTest.DISABLED_Test2',
     'DISABLED_FoobarbazTest.TestA',
-    ]
+]
 
 if SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS:
   DEATH_TESTS = [
-    'HasDeathTest.Test1',
-    'HasDeathTest.Test2',
-    ]
+      'HasDeathTest.Test1',
+      'HasDeathTest.Test2',
+  ]
 else:
   DEATH_TESTS = []
 
 # All the non-disabled tests.
-ACTIVE_TESTS = [
-    'FooTest.Abc',
-    'FooTest.Xyz',
-
-    'BarTest.TestOne',
-    'BarTest.TestTwo',
-    'BarTest.TestThree',
-
-    'BazTest.TestOne',
-    'BazTest.TestA',
-    'BazTest.TestB',
-    ] + DEATH_TESTS + PARAM_TESTS
+ACTIVE_TESTS = (
+    [
+        'FooTest.Abc',
+        'FooTest.Xyz',
+        'BarTest.TestOne',
+        'BarTest.TestTwo',
+        'BarTest.TestThree',
+        'BazTest.TestOne',
+        'BazTest.TestA',
+        'BazTest.TestB',
+    ]
+    + DEATH_TESTS
+    + PARAM_TESTS
+)
 
 param_tests_present = None
 
@@ -183,14 +189,15 @@
     del environ[env_var]
 
 
-def RunAndReturnOutput(args = None):
+def RunAndReturnOutput(args=None):
   """Runs the test program and returns its output."""
 
-  return gtest_test_utils.Subprocess([COMMAND] + (args or []),
-                                     env=environ).output
+  return gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
+      [COMMAND] + (args or []), env=environ
+  ).output
 
 
-def RunAndExtractTestList(args = None):
+def RunAndExtractTestList(args=None):
   """Runs the test program and returns its exit code and a list of tests run."""
 
   p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess([COMMAND] + (args or []), env=environ)
@@ -234,10 +241,13 @@
 def RunWithSharding(total_shards, shard_index, command):
   """Runs a test program shard and returns exit code and a list of tests run."""
 
-  extra_env = {SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: str(shard_index),
-               TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: str(total_shards)}
+  extra_env = {
+      SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: str(shard_index),
+      TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: str(total_shards),
+  }
   return InvokeWithModifiedEnv(extra_env, RunAndExtractTestList, command)
 
+
 # The unit test.
 
 
@@ -250,10 +260,10 @@
     """Asserts that two sets are equal."""
 
     for elem in lhs:
-      self.assert_(elem in rhs, '%s in %s' % (elem, rhs))
+      self.assertTrue(elem in rhs, '%s in %s' % (elem, rhs))
 
     for elem in rhs:
-      self.assert_(elem in lhs, '%s in %s' % (elem, lhs))
+      self.assertTrue(elem in lhs, '%s in %s' % (elem, lhs))
 
   def AssertPartitionIsValid(self, set_var, list_of_sets):
     """Asserts that list_of_sets is a valid partition of set_var."""
@@ -285,13 +295,13 @@
     # into a process using the environment variable.  However, we can still
     # test the case when the variable is not supplied (i.e., gtest_filter is
     # None).
-    # pylint: disable-msg=C6403
+    # pylint: disable=g-explicit-bool-comparison
     if CAN_TEST_EMPTY_FILTER or gtest_filter != '':
       SetEnvVar(FILTER_ENV_VAR, gtest_filter)
       tests_run = RunAndExtractTestList()[0]
       SetEnvVar(FILTER_ENV_VAR, None)
       self.AssertSetEqual(tests_run, tests_to_run)
-    # pylint: enable-msg=C6403
+    # pylint: enable=g-explicit-bool-comparison
 
     # Next, tests using the command line flag.
 
@@ -303,8 +313,14 @@
     tests_run = RunAndExtractTestList(args)[0]
     self.AssertSetEqual(tests_run, tests_to_run)
 
-  def RunAndVerifyWithSharding(self, gtest_filter, total_shards, tests_to_run,
-                               args=None, check_exit_0=False):
+  def RunAndVerifyWithSharding(
+      self,
+      gtest_filter,
+      total_shards,
+      tests_to_run,
+      args=None,
+      check_exit_0=False,
+  ):
     """Checks that binary runs correct tests for the given filter and shard.
 
     Runs all shards of googletest-filter-unittest_ with the given filter, and
@@ -316,9 +332,9 @@
       gtest_filter: A filter to apply to the tests.
       total_shards: A total number of shards to split test run into.
       tests_to_run: A set of tests expected to run.
-      args   :      Arguments to pass to the to the test binary.
-      check_exit_0: When set to a true value, make sure that all shards
-                    return 0.
+      args: Arguments to pass to the to the test binary.
+      check_exit_0: When set to a true value, make sure that all shards return
+        0.
     """
 
     tests_to_run = self.AdjustForParameterizedTests(tests_to_run)
@@ -328,7 +344,7 @@
     # into a process using the environment variable.  However, we can still
     # test the case when the variable is not supplied (i.e., gtest_filter is
     # None).
-    # pylint: disable-msg=C6403
+    # pylint: disable=g-explicit-bool-comparison
     if CAN_TEST_EMPTY_FILTER or gtest_filter != '':
       SetEnvVar(FILTER_ENV_VAR, gtest_filter)
       partition = []
@@ -340,7 +356,7 @@
 
       self.AssertPartitionIsValid(tests_to_run, partition)
       SetEnvVar(FILTER_ENV_VAR, None)
-    # pylint: enable-msg=C6403
+    # pylint: enable=g-explicit-bool-comparison
 
   def RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled(self, gtest_filter, tests_to_run):
     """Checks that the binary runs correct set of tests for the given filter.
@@ -372,8 +388,9 @@
 
     global param_tests_present
     if param_tests_present is None:
-      param_tests_present = PARAM_TEST_REGEX.search(
-          RunAndReturnOutput()) is not None
+      param_tests_present = (
+          PARAM_TEST_REGEX.search(RunAndReturnOutput()) is not None
+      )
 
   def testDefaultBehavior(self):
     """Tests the behavior of not specifying the filter."""
@@ -425,8 +442,9 @@
 
     BAZ_TESTS = ['BazTest.TestOne', 'BazTest.TestA', 'BazTest.TestB']
     self.RunAndVerify('BazTest.*', BAZ_TESTS)
-    self.RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled('BazTest.*',
-                                      BAZ_TESTS + ['BazTest.DISABLED_TestC'])
+    self.RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled(
+        'BazTest.*', BAZ_TESTS + ['BazTest.DISABLED_TestC']
+    )
 
   def testFilterByTest(self):
     """Tests filtering by test name."""
@@ -437,38 +455,50 @@
     """Select only the disabled tests to run."""
 
     self.RunAndVerify('DISABLED_FoobarTest.Test1', [])
-    self.RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled('DISABLED_FoobarTest.Test1',
-                                      ['DISABLED_FoobarTest.Test1'])
+    self.RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled(
+        'DISABLED_FoobarTest.Test1', ['DISABLED_FoobarTest.Test1']
+    )
 
     self.RunAndVerify('*DISABLED_*', [])
     self.RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled('*DISABLED_*', DISABLED_TESTS)
 
     self.RunAndVerify('*.DISABLED_*', [])
-    self.RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled('*.DISABLED_*', [
-        'BarTest.DISABLED_TestFour',
-        'BarTest.DISABLED_TestFive',
-        'BazTest.DISABLED_TestC',
-        'DISABLED_FoobarTest.DISABLED_Test2',
-        ])
+    self.RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled(
+        '*.DISABLED_*',
+        [
+            'BarTest.DISABLED_TestFour',
+            'BarTest.DISABLED_TestFive',
+            'BazTest.DISABLED_TestC',
+            'DISABLED_FoobarTest.DISABLED_Test2',
+        ],
+    )
 
     self.RunAndVerify('DISABLED_*', [])
-    self.RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled('DISABLED_*', [
-        'DISABLED_FoobarTest.Test1',
-        'DISABLED_FoobarTest.DISABLED_Test2',
-        'DISABLED_FoobarbazTest.TestA',
-        ])
+    self.RunAndVerifyAllowingDisabled(
+        'DISABLED_*',
+        [
+            'DISABLED_FoobarTest.Test1',
+            'DISABLED_FoobarTest.DISABLED_Test2',
+            'DISABLED_FoobarbazTest.TestA',
+        ],
+    )
 
   def testWildcardInTestCaseName(self):
     """Tests using wildcard in the test case name."""
 
-    self.RunAndVerify('*a*.*', [
-        'BarTest.TestOne',
-        'BarTest.TestTwo',
-        'BarTest.TestThree',
-
-        'BazTest.TestOne',
-        'BazTest.TestA',
-        'BazTest.TestB', ] + DEATH_TESTS + PARAM_TESTS)
+    self.RunAndVerify(
+        '*a*.*',
+        [
+            'BarTest.TestOne',
+            'BarTest.TestTwo',
+            'BarTest.TestThree',
+            'BazTest.TestOne',
+            'BazTest.TestA',
+            'BazTest.TestB',
+        ]
+        + DEATH_TESTS
+        + PARAM_TESTS,
+    )
 
   def testWildcardInTestName(self):
     """Tests using wildcard in the test name."""
@@ -478,23 +508,27 @@
   def testFilterWithoutDot(self):
     """Tests a filter that has no '.' in it."""
 
-    self.RunAndVerify('*z*', [
-        'FooTest.Xyz',
-
-        'BazTest.TestOne',
-        'BazTest.TestA',
-        'BazTest.TestB',
-        ])
+    self.RunAndVerify(
+        '*z*',
+        [
+            'FooTest.Xyz',
+            'BazTest.TestOne',
+            'BazTest.TestA',
+            'BazTest.TestB',
+        ],
+    )
 
   def testTwoPatterns(self):
     """Tests filters that consist of two patterns."""
 
-    self.RunAndVerify('Foo*.*:*A*', [
-        'FooTest.Abc',
-        'FooTest.Xyz',
-
-        'BazTest.TestA',
-        ])
+    self.RunAndVerify(
+        'Foo*.*:*A*',
+        [
+            'FooTest.Abc',
+            'FooTest.Xyz',
+            'BazTest.TestA',
+        ],
+    )
 
     # An empty pattern + a non-empty one
     self.RunAndVerify(':*A*', ['FooTest.Abc', 'BazTest.TestA'])
@@ -502,83 +536,109 @@
   def testThreePatterns(self):
     """Tests filters that consist of three patterns."""
 
-    self.RunAndVerify('*oo*:*A*:*One', [
-        'FooTest.Abc',
-        'FooTest.Xyz',
-
-        'BarTest.TestOne',
-
-        'BazTest.TestOne',
-        'BazTest.TestA',
-        ])
+    self.RunAndVerify(
+        '*oo*:*A*:*One',
+        [
+            'FooTest.Abc',
+            'FooTest.Xyz',
+            'BarTest.TestOne',
+            'BazTest.TestOne',
+            'BazTest.TestA',
+        ],
+    )
 
     # The 2nd pattern is empty.
-    self.RunAndVerify('*oo*::*One', [
-        'FooTest.Abc',
-        'FooTest.Xyz',
-
-        'BarTest.TestOne',
-
-        'BazTest.TestOne',
-        ])
+    self.RunAndVerify(
+        '*oo*::*One',
+        [
+            'FooTest.Abc',
+            'FooTest.Xyz',
+            'BarTest.TestOne',
+            'BazTest.TestOne',
+        ],
+    )
 
     # The last 2 patterns are empty.
-    self.RunAndVerify('*oo*::', [
-        'FooTest.Abc',
-        'FooTest.Xyz',
-        ])
+    self.RunAndVerify(
+        '*oo*::',
+        [
+            'FooTest.Abc',
+            'FooTest.Xyz',
+        ],
+    )
 
   def testNegativeFilters(self):
-    self.RunAndVerify('*-BazTest.TestOne', [
-        'FooTest.Abc',
-        'FooTest.Xyz',
+    self.RunAndVerify(
+        '*-BazTest.TestOne',
+        [
+            'FooTest.Abc',
+            'FooTest.Xyz',
+            'BarTest.TestOne',
+            'BarTest.TestTwo',
+            'BarTest.TestThree',
+            'BazTest.TestA',
+            'BazTest.TestB',
+        ]
+        + DEATH_TESTS
+        + PARAM_TESTS,
+    )
 
-        'BarTest.TestOne',
-        'BarTest.TestTwo',
-        'BarTest.TestThree',
+    self.RunAndVerify(
+        '*-FooTest.Abc:BazTest.*',
+        [
+            'FooTest.Xyz',
+            'BarTest.TestOne',
+            'BarTest.TestTwo',
+            'BarTest.TestThree',
+        ]
+        + DEATH_TESTS
+        + PARAM_TESTS,
+    )
 
-        'BazTest.TestA',
-        'BazTest.TestB',
-        ] + DEATH_TESTS + PARAM_TESTS)
-
-    self.RunAndVerify('*-FooTest.Abc:BazTest.*', [
-        'FooTest.Xyz',
-
-        'BarTest.TestOne',
-        'BarTest.TestTwo',
-        'BarTest.TestThree',
-        ] + DEATH_TESTS + PARAM_TESTS)
-
-    self.RunAndVerify('BarTest.*-BarTest.TestOne', [
-        'BarTest.TestTwo',
-        'BarTest.TestThree',
-        ])
+    self.RunAndVerify(
+        'BarTest.*-BarTest.TestOne',
+        [
+            'BarTest.TestTwo',
+            'BarTest.TestThree',
+        ],
+    )
 
     # Tests without leading '*'.
-    self.RunAndVerify('-FooTest.Abc:FooTest.Xyz:BazTest.*', [
-        'BarTest.TestOne',
-        'BarTest.TestTwo',
-        'BarTest.TestThree',
-        ] + DEATH_TESTS + PARAM_TESTS)
+    self.RunAndVerify(
+        '-FooTest.Abc:FooTest.Xyz:BazTest.*',
+        [
+            'BarTest.TestOne',
+            'BarTest.TestTwo',
+            'BarTest.TestThree',
+        ]
+        + DEATH_TESTS
+        + PARAM_TESTS,
+    )
 
     # Value parameterized tests.
     self.RunAndVerify('*/*', PARAM_TESTS)
 
     # Value parameterized tests filtering by the sequence name.
-    self.RunAndVerify('SeqP/*', [
-        'SeqP/ParamTest.TestX/0',
-        'SeqP/ParamTest.TestX/1',
-        'SeqP/ParamTest.TestY/0',
-        'SeqP/ParamTest.TestY/1',
-        ])
+    self.RunAndVerify(
+        'SeqP/*',
+        [
+            'SeqP/ParamTest.TestX/0',
+            'SeqP/ParamTest.TestX/1',
+            'SeqP/ParamTest.TestY/0',
+            'SeqP/ParamTest.TestY/1',
+        ],
+    )
 
     # Value parameterized tests filtering by the test name.
-    self.RunAndVerify('*/0', [
-        'SeqP/ParamTest.TestX/0',
-        'SeqP/ParamTest.TestY/0',
-        'SeqQ/ParamTest.TestX/0',
-        'SeqQ/ParamTest.TestY/0',
-        ])
+    self.RunAndVerify(
+        '*/0',
+        [
+            'SeqP/ParamTest.TestX/0',
+            'SeqP/ParamTest.TestY/0',
+            'SeqQ/ParamTest.TestX/0',
+            'SeqQ/ParamTest.TestY/0',
+        ],
+    )
 
   def testFlagOverridesEnvVar(self):
     """Tests that the filter flag overrides the filtering env. variable."""
@@ -593,38 +653,44 @@
   def testShardStatusFileIsCreated(self):
     """Tests that the shard file is created if specified in the environment."""
 
-    shard_status_file = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
-                                     'shard_status_file')
-    self.assert_(not os.path.exists(shard_status_file))
+    shard_status_file = os.path.join(
+        gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(), 'shard_status_file'
+    )
+    self.assertTrue(not os.path.exists(shard_status_file))
 
     extra_env = {SHARD_STATUS_FILE_ENV_VAR: shard_status_file}
     try:
       InvokeWithModifiedEnv(extra_env, RunAndReturnOutput)
     finally:
-      self.assert_(os.path.exists(shard_status_file))
+      self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(shard_status_file))
       os.remove(shard_status_file)
 
   def testShardStatusFileIsCreatedWithListTests(self):
     """Tests that the shard file is created with the "list_tests" flag."""
 
-    shard_status_file = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
-                                     'shard_status_file2')
-    self.assert_(not os.path.exists(shard_status_file))
+    shard_status_file = os.path.join(
+        gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(), 'shard_status_file2'
+    )
+    self.assertTrue(not os.path.exists(shard_status_file))
 
     extra_env = {SHARD_STATUS_FILE_ENV_VAR: shard_status_file}
     try:
-      output = InvokeWithModifiedEnv(extra_env,
-                                     RunAndReturnOutput,
-                                     [LIST_TESTS_FLAG])
+      output = InvokeWithModifiedEnv(
+          extra_env, RunAndReturnOutput, [LIST_TESTS_FLAG]
+      )
     finally:
       # This assertion ensures that Google Test enumerated the tests as
       # opposed to running them.
-      self.assert_('[==========]' not in output,
-                   'Unexpected output during test enumeration.\n'
-                   'Please ensure that LIST_TESTS_FLAG is assigned the\n'
-                   'correct flag value for listing Google Test tests.')
+      self.assertTrue(
+          '[==========]' not in output,
+          (
+              'Unexpected output during test enumeration.\n'
+              'Please ensure that LIST_TESTS_FLAG is assigned the\n'
+              'correct flag value for listing Google Test tests.'
+          ),
+      )
 
-      self.assert_(os.path.exists(shard_status_file))
+      self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(shard_status_file))
       os.remove(shard_status_file)
 
   def testDisabledBanner(self):
@@ -632,19 +698,25 @@
     make_filter = lambda s: ['--%s=%s' % (FILTER_FLAG, s)]
 
     banners = RunAndExtractDisabledBannerList(make_filter('*'))
-    self.AssertSetEqual(banners, [
-        'BarTest.DISABLED_TestFour', 'BarTest.DISABLED_TestFive',
-        'BazTest.DISABLED_TestC'
-    ])
+    self.AssertSetEqual(
+        banners,
+        [
+            'BarTest.DISABLED_TestFour',
+            'BarTest.DISABLED_TestFive',
+            'BazTest.DISABLED_TestC',
+        ],
+    )
 
     banners = RunAndExtractDisabledBannerList(make_filter('Bar*'))
     self.AssertSetEqual(
-        banners, ['BarTest.DISABLED_TestFour', 'BarTest.DISABLED_TestFive'])
+        banners, ['BarTest.DISABLED_TestFour', 'BarTest.DISABLED_TestFive']
+    )
 
     banners = RunAndExtractDisabledBannerList(make_filter('*-Bar*'))
     self.AssertSetEqual(banners, ['BazTest.DISABLED_TestC'])
 
   if SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS:
+
     def testShardingWorksWithDeathTests(self):
       """Tests integration with death tests and sharding."""
 
@@ -652,19 +724,23 @@
       expected_tests = [
           'HasDeathTest.Test1',
           'HasDeathTest.Test2',
-
           'SeqP/ParamTest.TestX/0',
           'SeqP/ParamTest.TestX/1',
           'SeqP/ParamTest.TestY/0',
           'SeqP/ParamTest.TestY/1',
-          ]
+      ]
 
-      for flag in ['--gtest_death_test_style=threadsafe',
-                   '--gtest_death_test_style=fast']:
-        self.RunAndVerifyWithSharding(gtest_filter, 3, expected_tests,
-                                      check_exit_0=True, args=[flag])
-        self.RunAndVerifyWithSharding(gtest_filter, 5, expected_tests,
-                                      check_exit_0=True, args=[flag])
+      for flag in [
+          '--gtest_death_test_style=threadsafe',
+          '--gtest_death_test_style=fast',
+      ]:
+        self.RunAndVerifyWithSharding(
+            gtest_filter, 3, expected_tests, check_exit_0=True, args=[flag]
+        )
+        self.RunAndVerifyWithSharding(
+            gtest_filter, 5, expected_tests, check_exit_0=True, args=[flag]
+        )
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   gtest_test_utils.Main()
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-global-environment-unittest.py b/googletest/test/googletest-global-environment-unittest.py
index 2657934..bd73a2e 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-global-environment-unittest.py
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-global-environment-unittest.py
@@ -42,10 +42,14 @@
 def RunAndReturnOutput(args=None):
   """Runs the test program and returns its output."""
 
-  return gtest_test_utils.Subprocess([
-      gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(
-          'googletest-global-environment-unittest_')
-  ] + (args or [])).output
+  return gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
+      [
+          gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(
+              'googletest-global-environment-unittest_'
+          )
+      ]
+      + (args or [])
+  ).output
 
 
 class GTestGlobalEnvironmentUnitTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
@@ -78,23 +82,25 @@
         '--gtest_recreate_environments_when_repeating=true',
     ])
 
-    expected_pattern = ('(.|\n)*'
-                        r'Repeating all tests \(iteration 1\)'
-                        '(.|\n)*'
-                        'Global test environment set-up.'
-                        '(.|\n)*'
-                        'SomeTest.DoesFoo'
-                        '(.|\n)*'
-                        'Global test environment tear-down'
-                        '(.|\n)*'
-                        r'Repeating all tests \(iteration 2\)'
-                        '(.|\n)*'
-                        'Global test environment set-up.'
-                        '(.|\n)*'
-                        'SomeTest.DoesFoo'
-                        '(.|\n)*'
-                        'Global test environment tear-down'
-                        '(.|\n)*')
+    expected_pattern = (
+        '(.|\n)*'
+        r'Repeating all tests \(iteration 1\)'
+        '(.|\n)*'
+        'Global test environment set-up.'
+        '(.|\n)*'
+        'SomeTest.DoesFoo'
+        '(.|\n)*'
+        'Global test environment tear-down'
+        '(.|\n)*'
+        r'Repeating all tests \(iteration 2\)'
+        '(.|\n)*'
+        'Global test environment set-up.'
+        '(.|\n)*'
+        'SomeTest.DoesFoo'
+        '(.|\n)*'
+        'Global test environment tear-down'
+        '(.|\n)*'
+    )
     self.assertRegex(txt, expected_pattern)
 
   def testEnvironmentSetUpAndTornDownOnce(self):
@@ -102,28 +108,33 @@
 
     # By default the environment should only be set up and torn down once, at
     # the start and end of the test respectively.
-    txt = RunAndReturnOutput([
-        '--gtest_repeat=2',
-    ])
+    txt = RunAndReturnOutput(
+        [
+            '--gtest_repeat=2',
+        ]
+    )
 
-    expected_pattern = ('(.|\n)*'
-                        r'Repeating all tests \(iteration 1\)'
-                        '(.|\n)*'
-                        'Global test environment set-up.'
-                        '(.|\n)*'
-                        'SomeTest.DoesFoo'
-                        '(.|\n)*'
-                        r'Repeating all tests \(iteration 2\)'
-                        '(.|\n)*'
-                        'SomeTest.DoesFoo'
-                        '(.|\n)*'
-                        'Global test environment tear-down'
-                        '(.|\n)*')
+    expected_pattern = (
+        '(.|\n)*'
+        r'Repeating all tests \(iteration 1\)'
+        '(.|\n)*'
+        'Global test environment set-up.'
+        '(.|\n)*'
+        'SomeTest.DoesFoo'
+        '(.|\n)*'
+        r'Repeating all tests \(iteration 2\)'
+        '(.|\n)*'
+        'SomeTest.DoesFoo'
+        '(.|\n)*'
+        'Global test environment tear-down'
+        '(.|\n)*'
+    )
     self.assertRegex(txt, expected_pattern)
 
     self.assertEqual(len(re.findall('Global test environment set-up', txt)), 1)
     self.assertEqual(
-        len(re.findall('Global test environment tear-down', txt)), 1)
+        len(re.findall('Global test environment tear-down', txt)), 1
+    )
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-json-outfiles-test.py b/googletest/test/googletest-json-outfiles-test.py
index 179283b..ff15722 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-json-outfiles-test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-json-outfiles-test.py
@@ -40,93 +40,74 @@
 GTEST_OUTPUT_2_TEST = 'gtest_xml_outfile2_test_'
 
 EXPECTED_1 = {
-    u'tests':
-        1,
-    u'failures':
-        0,
-    u'disabled':
-        0,
-    u'errors':
-        0,
-    u'time':
-        u'*',
-    u'timestamp':
-        u'*',
-    u'name':
-        u'AllTests',
-    u'testsuites': [{
-        u'name':
-            u'PropertyOne',
-        u'tests':
-            1,
-        u'failures':
-            0,
-        u'disabled':
-            0,
-        u'errors':
-            0,
-        u'time':
-            u'*',
-        u'timestamp':
-            u'*',
-        u'testsuite': [{
-            u'name': u'TestSomeProperties',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_outfile1_test_.cc',
-            u'line': 41,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'PropertyOne',
-            u'SetUpProp': u'1',
-            u'TestSomeProperty': u'1',
-            u'TearDownProp': u'1',
+    'tests': 1,
+    'failures': 0,
+    'disabled': 0,
+    'errors': 0,
+    'time': '*',
+    'timestamp': '*',
+    'name': 'AllTests',
+    'testsuites': [{
+        'name': 'PropertyOne',
+        'tests': 1,
+        'failures': 0,
+        'disabled': 0,
+        'errors': 0,
+        'time': '*',
+        'timestamp': '*',
+        'testsuite': [{
+            'name': 'TestSomeProperties',
+            'file': 'gtest_xml_outfile1_test_.cc',
+            'line': 41,
+            'status': 'RUN',
+            'result': 'COMPLETED',
+            'time': '*',
+            'timestamp': '*',
+            'classname': 'PropertyOne',
+            'SetUpProp': '1',
+            'TestSomeProperty': '1',
+            'TearDownProp': '1',
         }],
     }],
 }
 
 EXPECTED_2 = {
-    u'tests':
-        1,
-    u'failures':
-        0,
-    u'disabled':
-        0,
-    u'errors':
-        0,
-    u'time':
-        u'*',
-    u'timestamp':
-        u'*',
-    u'name':
-        u'AllTests',
-    u'testsuites': [{
-        u'name':
-            u'PropertyTwo',
-        u'tests':
-            1,
-        u'failures':
-            0,
-        u'disabled':
-            0,
-        u'errors':
-            0,
-        u'time':
-            u'*',
-        u'timestamp':
-            u'*',
-        u'testsuite': [{
-            u'name': u'TestSomeProperties',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_outfile2_test_.cc',
-            u'line': 41,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'PropertyTwo',
-            u'SetUpProp': u'2',
-            u'TestSomeProperty': u'2',
-            u'TearDownProp': u'2',
+    'tests': 1,
+    'failures': 0,
+    'disabled': 0,
+    'errors': 0,
+    'time': '*',
+    'timestamp': '*',
+    'name': 'AllTests',
+    'testsuites': [{
+        'name': 'PropertyTwo',
+        'tests': 1,
+        'failures': 0,
+        'disabled': 0,
+        'errors': 0,
+        'time': '*',
+        'timestamp': '*',
+        'testsuite': [{
+            'name': 'TestInt64ConvertibleProperties',
+            'file': 'gtest_xml_outfile2_test_.cc',
+            'line': 41,
+            'status': 'RUN',
+            'result': 'COMPLETED',
+            'timestamp': '*',
+            'time': '*',
+            'classname': 'PropertyTwo',
+            'SetUpProp': '2',
+            'TestFloatProperty': '3.25',
+            'TestDoubleProperty': '4.75',
+            'TestSizetProperty': '5',
+            'TestBoolProperty': 'true',
+            'TestCharProperty': 'A',
+            'TestInt16Property': '6',
+            'TestInt32Property': '7',
+            'TestInt64Property': '8',
+            'TestEnumProperty': '9',
+            'TestAtomicIntProperty': '10',
+            'TearDownProp': '2',
         }],
     }],
 }
@@ -139,8 +120,9 @@
     # We want the trailing '/' that the last "" provides in os.path.join, for
     # telling Google Test to create an output directory instead of a single file
     # for xml output.
-    self.output_dir_ = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
-                                    GTEST_OUTPUT_SUBDIR, '')
+    self.output_dir_ = os.path.join(
+        gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(), GTEST_OUTPUT_SUBDIR, ''
+    )
     self.DeleteFilesAndDir()
 
   def tearDown(self):
@@ -169,17 +151,20 @@
   def _TestOutFile(self, test_name, expected):
     gtest_prog_path = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(test_name)
     command = [gtest_prog_path, '--gtest_output=json:%s' % self.output_dir_]
-    p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(command,
-                                    working_dir=gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir())
-    self.assert_(p.exited)
-    self.assertEquals(0, p.exit_code)
+    p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
+        command, working_dir=gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir()
+    )
+    self.assertTrue(p.exited)
+    self.assertEqual(0, p.exit_code)
 
     output_file_name1 = test_name + '.json'
     output_file1 = os.path.join(self.output_dir_, output_file_name1)
     output_file_name2 = 'lt-' + output_file_name1
     output_file2 = os.path.join(self.output_dir_, output_file_name2)
-    self.assert_(os.path.isfile(output_file1) or os.path.isfile(output_file2),
-                 output_file1)
+    self.assertTrue(
+        os.path.isfile(output_file1) or os.path.isfile(output_file2),
+        output_file1,
+    )
 
     if os.path.isfile(output_file1):
       with open(output_file1) as f:
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-json-output-unittest.py b/googletest/test/googletest-json-output-unittest.py
index e0fbe46..e955e7b 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-json-output-unittest.py
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-json-output-unittest.py
@@ -54,692 +54,573 @@
 if SUPPORTS_STACK_TRACES:
   STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE = '\nStack trace:\n*'
 else:
-  STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE = ''
+  STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE = '\n'
 
 EXPECTED_NON_EMPTY = {
-    u'tests':
-        26,
-    u'failures':
-        5,
-    u'disabled':
-        2,
-    u'errors':
-        0,
-    u'timestamp':
-        u'*',
-    u'time':
-        u'*',
-    u'ad_hoc_property':
-        u'42',
-    u'name':
-        u'AllTests',
-    u'testsuites': [{
-        u'name':
-            u'SuccessfulTest',
-        u'tests':
-            1,
-        u'failures':
-            0,
-        u'disabled':
-            0,
-        u'errors':
-            0,
-        u'time':
-            u'*',
-        u'timestamp':
-            u'*',
-        u'testsuite': [{
-            u'name': u'Succeeds',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 51,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'SuccessfulTest'
-        }]
-    }, {
-        u'name':
-            u'FailedTest',
-        u'tests':
-            1,
-        u'failures':
-            1,
-        u'disabled':
-            0,
-        u'errors':
-            0,
-        u'time':
-            u'*',
-        u'timestamp':
-            u'*',
-        u'testsuite': [{
-            u'name':
-                u'Fails',
-            u'file':
-                u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line':
-                59,
-            u'status':
-                u'RUN',
-            u'result':
-                u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time':
-                u'*',
-            u'timestamp':
-                u'*',
-            u'classname':
-                u'FailedTest',
-            u'failures': [{
-                u'failure': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*\n'
-                            u'Expected equality of these values:\n'
-                            u'  1\n  2' + STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE,
-                u'type': u''
-            }]
-        }]
-    }, {
-        u'name':
-            u'DisabledTest',
-        u'tests':
-            1,
-        u'failures':
-            0,
-        u'disabled':
-            1,
-        u'errors':
-            0,
-        u'time':
-            u'*',
-        u'timestamp':
-            u'*',
-        u'testsuite': [{
-            u'name': u'DISABLED_test_not_run',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 66,
-            u'status': u'NOTRUN',
-            u'result': u'SUPPRESSED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'DisabledTest'
-        }]
-    }, {
-        u'name':
-            u'SkippedTest',
-        u'tests':
-            3,
-        u'failures':
-            1,
-        u'disabled':
-            0,
-        u'errors':
-            0,
-        u'time':
-            u'*',
-        u'timestamp':
-            u'*',
-        u'testsuite': [{
-            u'name': u'Skipped',
-            u'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 73,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'SKIPPED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'SkippedTest'
-        }, {
-            u'name': u'SkippedWithMessage',
-            u'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 77,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'SKIPPED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'SkippedTest'
-        }, {
-            u'name':
-                u'SkippedAfterFailure',
-            u'file':
-                'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line':
-                81,
-            u'status':
-                u'RUN',
-            u'result':
-                u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time':
-                u'*',
-            u'timestamp':
-                u'*',
-            u'classname':
-                u'SkippedTest',
-            u'failures': [{
-                u'failure': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*\n'
-                            u'Expected equality of these values:\n'
-                            u'  1\n  2' + STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE,
-                u'type': u''
-            }]
-        }]
-    }, {
-        u'name':
-            u'MixedResultTest',
-        u'tests':
-            3,
-        u'failures':
-            1,
-        u'disabled':
-            1,
-        u'errors':
-            0,
-        u'time':
-            u'*',
-        u'timestamp':
-            u'*',
-        u'testsuite': [{
-            u'name': u'Succeeds',
-            u'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 86,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'MixedResultTest'
-        }, {
-            u'name':
-                u'Fails',
-            u'file':
-                u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line':
-                91,
-            u'status':
-                u'RUN',
-            u'result':
-                u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time':
-                u'*',
-            u'timestamp':
-                u'*',
-            u'classname':
-                u'MixedResultTest',
-            u'failures': [{
-                u'failure': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*\n'
-                            u'Expected equality of these values:\n'
-                            u'  1\n  2' + STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE,
-                u'type': u''
-            }, {
-                u'failure': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*\n'
-                            u'Expected equality of these values:\n'
-                            u'  2\n  3' + STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE,
-                u'type': u''
-            }]
-        }, {
-            u'name': u'DISABLED_test',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 96,
-            u'status': u'NOTRUN',
-            u'result': u'SUPPRESSED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'MixedResultTest'
-        }]
-    }, {
-        u'name':
-            u'XmlQuotingTest',
-        u'tests':
-            1,
-        u'failures':
-            1,
-        u'disabled':
-            0,
-        u'errors':
-            0,
-        u'time':
-            u'*',
-        u'timestamp':
-            u'*',
-        u'testsuite': [{
-            u'name':
-                u'OutputsCData',
-            u'file':
-                u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line':
-                100,
-            u'status':
-                u'RUN',
-            u'result':
-                u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time':
-                u'*',
-            u'timestamp':
-                u'*',
-            u'classname':
-                u'XmlQuotingTest',
-            u'failures': [{
-                u'failure': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*\n'
-                            u'Failed\nXML output: <?xml encoding="utf-8">'
-                            u'<top><![CDATA[cdata text]]></top>' +
-                            STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE,
-                u'type': u''
-            }]
-        }]
-    }, {
-        u'name':
-            u'InvalidCharactersTest',
-        u'tests':
-            1,
-        u'failures':
-            1,
-        u'disabled':
-            0,
-        u'errors':
-            0,
-        u'time':
-            u'*',
-        u'timestamp':
-            u'*',
-        u'testsuite': [{
-            u'name':
-                u'InvalidCharactersInMessage',
-            u'file':
-                u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line':
-                107,
-            u'status':
-                u'RUN',
-            u'result':
-                u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time':
-                u'*',
-            u'timestamp':
-                u'*',
-            u'classname':
-                u'InvalidCharactersTest',
-            u'failures': [{
-                u'failure': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*\n'
-                            u'Failed\nInvalid characters in brackets'
-                            u' [\x01\x02]' + STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE,
-                u'type': u''
-            }]
-        }]
-    }, {
-        u'name':
-            u'PropertyRecordingTest',
-        u'tests':
-            4,
-        u'failures':
-            0,
-        u'disabled':
-            0,
-        u'errors':
-            0,
-        u'time':
-            u'*',
-        u'timestamp':
-            u'*',
-        u'SetUpTestSuite':
-            u'yes',
-        u'TearDownTestSuite':
-            u'aye',
-        u'testsuite': [{
-            u'name': u'OneProperty',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 119,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'PropertyRecordingTest',
-            u'key_1': u'1'
-        }, {
-            u'name': u'IntValuedProperty',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 123,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'PropertyRecordingTest',
-            u'key_int': u'1'
-        }, {
-            u'name': u'ThreeProperties',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 127,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'PropertyRecordingTest',
-            u'key_1': u'1',
-            u'key_2': u'2',
-            u'key_3': u'3'
-        }, {
-            u'name': u'TwoValuesForOneKeyUsesLastValue',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 133,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'PropertyRecordingTest',
-            u'key_1': u'2'
-        }]
-    }, {
-        u'name':
-            u'NoFixtureTest',
-        u'tests':
-            3,
-        u'failures':
-            0,
-        u'disabled':
-            0,
-        u'errors':
-            0,
-        u'time':
-            u'*',
-        u'timestamp':
-            u'*',
-        u'testsuite': [{
-            u'name': u'RecordProperty',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 138,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'NoFixtureTest',
-            u'key': u'1'
-        }, {
-            u'name': u'ExternalUtilityThatCallsRecordIntValuedProperty',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 151,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'NoFixtureTest',
-            u'key_for_utility_int': u'1'
-        }, {
-            u'name': u'ExternalUtilityThatCallsRecordStringValuedProperty',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 155,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'NoFixtureTest',
-            u'key_for_utility_string': u'1'
-        }]
-    }, {
-        u'name':
-            u'TypedTest/0',
-        u'tests':
-            1,
-        u'failures':
-            0,
-        u'disabled':
-            0,
-        u'errors':
-            0,
-        u'time':
-            u'*',
-        u'timestamp':
-            u'*',
-        u'testsuite': [{
-            u'name': u'HasTypeParamAttribute',
-            u'type_param': u'int',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 171,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'TypedTest/0'
-        }]
-    }, {
-        u'name':
-            u'TypedTest/1',
-        u'tests':
-            1,
-        u'failures':
-            0,
-        u'disabled':
-            0,
-        u'errors':
-            0,
-        u'time':
-            u'*',
-        u'timestamp':
-            u'*',
-        u'testsuite': [{
-            u'name': u'HasTypeParamAttribute',
-            u'type_param': u'long',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 171,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'TypedTest/1'
-        }]
-    }, {
-        u'name':
-            u'Single/TypeParameterizedTestSuite/0',
-        u'tests':
-            1,
-        u'failures':
-            0,
-        u'disabled':
-            0,
-        u'errors':
-            0,
-        u'time':
-            u'*',
-        u'timestamp':
-            u'*',
-        u'testsuite': [{
-            u'name': u'HasTypeParamAttribute',
-            u'type_param': u'int',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 178,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'Single/TypeParameterizedTestSuite/0'
-        }]
-    }, {
-        u'name':
-            u'Single/TypeParameterizedTestSuite/1',
-        u'tests':
-            1,
-        u'failures':
-            0,
-        u'disabled':
-            0,
-        u'errors':
-            0,
-        u'time':
-            u'*',
-        u'timestamp':
-            u'*',
-        u'testsuite': [{
-            u'name': u'HasTypeParamAttribute',
-            u'type_param': u'long',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 178,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'Single/TypeParameterizedTestSuite/1'
-        }]
-    }, {
-        u'name':
-            u'Single/ValueParamTest',
-        u'tests':
-            4,
-        u'failures':
-            0,
-        u'disabled':
-            0,
-        u'errors':
-            0,
-        u'time':
-            u'*',
-        u'timestamp':
-            u'*',
-        u'testsuite': [{
-            u'name': u'HasValueParamAttribute/0',
-            u'value_param': u'33',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 162,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'Single/ValueParamTest'
-        }, {
-            u'name': u'HasValueParamAttribute/1',
-            u'value_param': u'42',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 162,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'Single/ValueParamTest'
-        }, {
-            u'name': u'AnotherTestThatHasValueParamAttribute/0',
-            u'value_param': u'33',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 163,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'Single/ValueParamTest'
-        }, {
-            u'name': u'AnotherTestThatHasValueParamAttribute/1',
-            u'value_param': u'42',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 163,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'Single/ValueParamTest'
-        }]
-    }]
+    'tests': 26,
+    'failures': 5,
+    'disabled': 2,
+    'errors': 0,
+    'timestamp': '*',
+    'time': '*',
+    'ad_hoc_property': '42',
+    'name': 'AllTests',
+    'testsuites': [
+        {
+            'name': 'SuccessfulTest',
+            'tests': 1,
+            'failures': 0,
+            'disabled': 0,
+            'errors': 0,
+            'time': '*',
+            'timestamp': '*',
+            'testsuite': [{
+                'name': 'Succeeds',
+                'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                'line': 51,
+                'status': 'RUN',
+                'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                'time': '*',
+                'timestamp': '*',
+                'classname': 'SuccessfulTest',
+            }],
+        },
+        {
+            'name': 'FailedTest',
+            'tests': 1,
+            'failures': 1,
+            'disabled': 0,
+            'errors': 0,
+            'time': '*',
+            'timestamp': '*',
+            'testsuite': [{
+                'name': 'Fails',
+                'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                'line': 59,
+                'status': 'RUN',
+                'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                'time': '*',
+                'timestamp': '*',
+                'classname': 'FailedTest',
+                'failures': [{
+                    'failure': (
+                        'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*\n'
+                        'Expected equality of these values:\n'
+                        '  1\n  2'
+                        + STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE
+                    ),
+                    'type': '',
+                }],
+            }],
+        },
+        {
+            'name': 'DisabledTest',
+            'tests': 1,
+            'failures': 0,
+            'disabled': 1,
+            'errors': 0,
+            'time': '*',
+            'timestamp': '*',
+            'testsuite': [{
+                'name': 'DISABLED_test_not_run',
+                'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                'line': 66,
+                'status': 'NOTRUN',
+                'result': 'SUPPRESSED',
+                'time': '*',
+                'timestamp': '*',
+                'classname': 'DisabledTest',
+            }],
+        },
+        {
+            'name': 'SkippedTest',
+            'tests': 3,
+            'failures': 1,
+            'disabled': 0,
+            'errors': 0,
+            'time': '*',
+            'timestamp': '*',
+            'testsuite': [
+                {
+                    'name': 'Skipped',
+                    'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                    'line': 73,
+                    'status': 'RUN',
+                    'result': 'SKIPPED',
+                    'time': '*',
+                    'timestamp': '*',
+                    'classname': 'SkippedTest',
+                },
+                {
+                    'name': 'SkippedWithMessage',
+                    'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                    'line': 77,
+                    'status': 'RUN',
+                    'result': 'SKIPPED',
+                    'time': '*',
+                    'timestamp': '*',
+                    'classname': 'SkippedTest',
+                },
+                {
+                    'name': 'SkippedAfterFailure',
+                    'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                    'line': 81,
+                    'status': 'RUN',
+                    'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                    'time': '*',
+                    'timestamp': '*',
+                    'classname': 'SkippedTest',
+                    'failures': [{
+                        'failure': (
+                            'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*\n'
+                            'Expected equality of these values:\n'
+                            '  1\n  2'
+                            + STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE
+                        ),
+                        'type': '',
+                    }],
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            'name': 'MixedResultTest',
+            'tests': 3,
+            'failures': 1,
+            'disabled': 1,
+            'errors': 0,
+            'time': '*',
+            'timestamp': '*',
+            'testsuite': [
+                {
+                    'name': 'Succeeds',
+                    'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                    'line': 86,
+                    'status': 'RUN',
+                    'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                    'time': '*',
+                    'timestamp': '*',
+                    'classname': 'MixedResultTest',
+                },
+                {
+                    'name': 'Fails',
+                    'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                    'line': 91,
+                    'status': 'RUN',
+                    'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                    'time': '*',
+                    'timestamp': '*',
+                    'classname': 'MixedResultTest',
+                    'failures': [
+                        {
+                            'failure': (
+                                'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*\n'
+                                'Expected equality of these values:\n'
+                                '  1\n  2'
+                                + STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE
+                            ),
+                            'type': '',
+                        },
+                        {
+                            'failure': (
+                                'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*\n'
+                                'Expected equality of these values:\n'
+                                '  2\n  3'
+                                + STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE
+                            ),
+                            'type': '',
+                        },
+                    ],
+                },
+                {
+                    'name': 'DISABLED_test',
+                    'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                    'line': 96,
+                    'status': 'NOTRUN',
+                    'result': 'SUPPRESSED',
+                    'time': '*',
+                    'timestamp': '*',
+                    'classname': 'MixedResultTest',
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            'name': 'XmlQuotingTest',
+            'tests': 1,
+            'failures': 1,
+            'disabled': 0,
+            'errors': 0,
+            'time': '*',
+            'timestamp': '*',
+            'testsuite': [{
+                'name': 'OutputsCData',
+                'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                'line': 100,
+                'status': 'RUN',
+                'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                'time': '*',
+                'timestamp': '*',
+                'classname': 'XmlQuotingTest',
+                'failures': [{
+                    'failure': (
+                        'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*\n'
+                        'Failed\nXML output: <?xml encoding="utf-8">'
+                        '<top><![CDATA[cdata text]]></top>'
+                        + STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE
+                    ),
+                    'type': '',
+                }],
+            }],
+        },
+        {
+            'name': 'InvalidCharactersTest',
+            'tests': 1,
+            'failures': 1,
+            'disabled': 0,
+            'errors': 0,
+            'time': '*',
+            'timestamp': '*',
+            'testsuite': [{
+                'name': 'InvalidCharactersInMessage',
+                'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                'line': 107,
+                'status': 'RUN',
+                'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                'time': '*',
+                'timestamp': '*',
+                'classname': 'InvalidCharactersTest',
+                'failures': [{
+                    'failure': (
+                        'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*\n'
+                        'Failed\nInvalid characters in brackets'
+                        ' [\x01\x02]'
+                        + STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE
+                    ),
+                    'type': '',
+                }],
+            }],
+        },
+        {
+            'name': 'PropertyRecordingTest',
+            'tests': 4,
+            'failures': 0,
+            'disabled': 0,
+            'errors': 0,
+            'time': '*',
+            'timestamp': '*',
+            'SetUpTestSuite': 'yes',
+            'TearDownTestSuite': 'aye',
+            'testsuite': [
+                {
+                    'name': 'OneProperty',
+                    'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                    'line': 119,
+                    'status': 'RUN',
+                    'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                    'time': '*',
+                    'timestamp': '*',
+                    'classname': 'PropertyRecordingTest',
+                    'key_1': '1',
+                },
+                {
+                    'name': 'IntValuedProperty',
+                    'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                    'line': 123,
+                    'status': 'RUN',
+                    'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                    'time': '*',
+                    'timestamp': '*',
+                    'classname': 'PropertyRecordingTest',
+                    'key_int': '1',
+                },
+                {
+                    'name': 'ThreeProperties',
+                    'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                    'line': 127,
+                    'status': 'RUN',
+                    'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                    'time': '*',
+                    'timestamp': '*',
+                    'classname': 'PropertyRecordingTest',
+                    'key_1': '1',
+                    'key_2': '2',
+                    'key_3': '3',
+                },
+                {
+                    'name': 'TwoValuesForOneKeyUsesLastValue',
+                    'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                    'line': 133,
+                    'status': 'RUN',
+                    'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                    'time': '*',
+                    'timestamp': '*',
+                    'classname': 'PropertyRecordingTest',
+                    'key_1': '2',
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            'name': 'NoFixtureTest',
+            'tests': 3,
+            'failures': 0,
+            'disabled': 0,
+            'errors': 0,
+            'time': '*',
+            'timestamp': '*',
+            'testsuite': [
+                {
+                    'name': 'RecordProperty',
+                    'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                    'line': 138,
+                    'status': 'RUN',
+                    'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                    'time': '*',
+                    'timestamp': '*',
+                    'classname': 'NoFixtureTest',
+                    'key': '1',
+                },
+                {
+                    'name': 'ExternalUtilityThatCallsRecordIntValuedProperty',
+                    'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                    'line': 151,
+                    'status': 'RUN',
+                    'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                    'time': '*',
+                    'timestamp': '*',
+                    'classname': 'NoFixtureTest',
+                    'key_for_utility_int': '1',
+                },
+                {
+                    'name': (
+                        'ExternalUtilityThatCallsRecordStringValuedProperty'
+                    ),
+                    'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                    'line': 155,
+                    'status': 'RUN',
+                    'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                    'time': '*',
+                    'timestamp': '*',
+                    'classname': 'NoFixtureTest',
+                    'key_for_utility_string': '1',
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            'name': 'TypedTest/0',
+            'tests': 1,
+            'failures': 0,
+            'disabled': 0,
+            'errors': 0,
+            'time': '*',
+            'timestamp': '*',
+            'testsuite': [{
+                'name': 'HasTypeParamAttribute',
+                'type_param': 'int',
+                'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                'line': 171,
+                'status': 'RUN',
+                'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                'time': '*',
+                'timestamp': '*',
+                'classname': 'TypedTest/0',
+            }],
+        },
+        {
+            'name': 'TypedTest/1',
+            'tests': 1,
+            'failures': 0,
+            'disabled': 0,
+            'errors': 0,
+            'time': '*',
+            'timestamp': '*',
+            'testsuite': [{
+                'name': 'HasTypeParamAttribute',
+                'type_param': 'long',
+                'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                'line': 171,
+                'status': 'RUN',
+                'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                'time': '*',
+                'timestamp': '*',
+                'classname': 'TypedTest/1',
+            }],
+        },
+        {
+            'name': 'Single/TypeParameterizedTestSuite/0',
+            'tests': 1,
+            'failures': 0,
+            'disabled': 0,
+            'errors': 0,
+            'time': '*',
+            'timestamp': '*',
+            'testsuite': [{
+                'name': 'HasTypeParamAttribute',
+                'type_param': 'int',
+                'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                'line': 178,
+                'status': 'RUN',
+                'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                'time': '*',
+                'timestamp': '*',
+                'classname': 'Single/TypeParameterizedTestSuite/0',
+            }],
+        },
+        {
+            'name': 'Single/TypeParameterizedTestSuite/1',
+            'tests': 1,
+            'failures': 0,
+            'disabled': 0,
+            'errors': 0,
+            'time': '*',
+            'timestamp': '*',
+            'testsuite': [{
+                'name': 'HasTypeParamAttribute',
+                'type_param': 'long',
+                'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                'line': 178,
+                'status': 'RUN',
+                'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                'time': '*',
+                'timestamp': '*',
+                'classname': 'Single/TypeParameterizedTestSuite/1',
+            }],
+        },
+        {
+            'name': 'Single/ValueParamTest',
+            'tests': 4,
+            'failures': 0,
+            'disabled': 0,
+            'errors': 0,
+            'time': '*',
+            'timestamp': '*',
+            'testsuite': [
+                {
+                    'name': 'HasValueParamAttribute/0',
+                    'value_param': '33',
+                    'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                    'line': 162,
+                    'status': 'RUN',
+                    'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                    'time': '*',
+                    'timestamp': '*',
+                    'classname': 'Single/ValueParamTest',
+                },
+                {
+                    'name': 'HasValueParamAttribute/1',
+                    'value_param': '42',
+                    'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                    'line': 162,
+                    'status': 'RUN',
+                    'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                    'time': '*',
+                    'timestamp': '*',
+                    'classname': 'Single/ValueParamTest',
+                },
+                {
+                    'name': 'AnotherTestThatHasValueParamAttribute/0',
+                    'value_param': '33',
+                    'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                    'line': 163,
+                    'status': 'RUN',
+                    'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                    'time': '*',
+                    'timestamp': '*',
+                    'classname': 'Single/ValueParamTest',
+                },
+                {
+                    'name': 'AnotherTestThatHasValueParamAttribute/1',
+                    'value_param': '42',
+                    'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+                    'line': 163,
+                    'status': 'RUN',
+                    'result': 'COMPLETED',
+                    'time': '*',
+                    'timestamp': '*',
+                    'classname': 'Single/ValueParamTest',
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+    ],
 }
 
 EXPECTED_FILTERED = {
-    u'tests':
-        1,
-    u'failures':
-        0,
-    u'disabled':
-        0,
-    u'errors':
-        0,
-    u'time':
-        u'*',
-    u'timestamp':
-        u'*',
-    u'name':
-        u'AllTests',
-    u'ad_hoc_property':
-        u'42',
-    u'testsuites': [{
-        u'name':
-            u'SuccessfulTest',
-        u'tests':
-            1,
-        u'failures':
-            0,
-        u'disabled':
-            0,
-        u'errors':
-            0,
-        u'time':
-            u'*',
-        u'timestamp':
-            u'*',
-        u'testsuite': [{
-            u'name': u'Succeeds',
-            u'file': u'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
-            u'line': 51,
-            u'status': u'RUN',
-            u'result': u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time': u'*',
-            u'timestamp': u'*',
-            u'classname': u'SuccessfulTest',
-        }]
+    'tests': 1,
+    'failures': 0,
+    'disabled': 0,
+    'errors': 0,
+    'time': '*',
+    'timestamp': '*',
+    'name': 'AllTests',
+    'ad_hoc_property': '42',
+    'testsuites': [{
+        'name': 'SuccessfulTest',
+        'tests': 1,
+        'failures': 0,
+        'disabled': 0,
+        'errors': 0,
+        'time': '*',
+        'timestamp': '*',
+        'testsuite': [{
+            'name': 'Succeeds',
+            'file': 'gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc',
+            'line': 51,
+            'status': 'RUN',
+            'result': 'COMPLETED',
+            'time': '*',
+            'timestamp': '*',
+            'classname': 'SuccessfulTest',
+        }],
     }],
 }
 
 EXPECTED_NO_TEST = {
-    u'tests':
-        0,
-    u'failures':
-        0,
-    u'disabled':
-        0,
-    u'errors':
-        0,
-    u'time':
-        u'*',
-    u'timestamp':
-        u'*',
-    u'name':
-        u'AllTests',
-    u'testsuites': [{
-        u'name':
-            u'NonTestSuiteFailure',
-        u'tests':
-            1,
-        u'failures':
-            1,
-        u'disabled':
-            0,
-        u'skipped':
-            0,
-        u'errors':
-            0,
-        u'time':
-            u'*',
-        u'timestamp':
-            u'*',
-        u'testsuite': [{
-            u'name':
-                u'',
-            u'status':
-                u'RUN',
-            u'result':
-                u'COMPLETED',
-            u'time':
-                u'*',
-            u'timestamp':
-                u'*',
-            u'classname':
-                u'',
-            u'failures': [{
-                u'failure': u'gtest_no_test_unittest.cc:*\n'
-                            u'Expected equality of these values:\n'
-                            u'  1\n  2' + STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE,
-                u'type': u'',
-            }]
-        }]
+    'tests': 0,
+    'failures': 0,
+    'disabled': 0,
+    'errors': 0,
+    'time': '*',
+    'timestamp': '*',
+    'name': 'AllTests',
+    'testsuites': [{
+        'name': 'NonTestSuiteFailure',
+        'tests': 1,
+        'failures': 1,
+        'disabled': 0,
+        'skipped': 0,
+        'errors': 0,
+        'time': '*',
+        'timestamp': '*',
+        'testsuite': [{
+            'name': '',
+            'status': 'RUN',
+            'result': 'COMPLETED',
+            'time': '*',
+            'timestamp': '*',
+            'classname': '',
+            'failures': [{
+                'failure': (
+                    'gtest_no_test_unittest.cc:*\n'
+                    'Expected equality of these values:\n'
+                    '  1\n  2'
+                    + STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE
+                ),
+                'type': '',
+            }],
+        }],
     }],
 }
 
 GTEST_PROGRAM_PATH = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME)
 
-SUPPORTS_TYPED_TESTS = 'TypedTest' in gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
-    [GTEST_PROGRAM_PATH, GTEST_LIST_TESTS_FLAG], capture_stderr=False).output
+SUPPORTS_TYPED_TESTS = (
+    'TypedTest'
+    in gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
+        [GTEST_PROGRAM_PATH, GTEST_LIST_TESTS_FLAG], capture_stderr=False
+    ).output
+)
 
 
 class GTestJsonOutputUnitTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
-  """Unit test for Google Test's JSON output functionality.
-  """
+  """Unit test for Google Test's JSON output functionality."""
 
   # This test currently breaks on platforms that do not support typed and
   # type-parameterized tests, so we don't run it under them.
@@ -775,16 +656,23 @@
     match = re.match(r'(\d+)-(\d\d)-(\d\d)T(\d\d):(\d\d):(\d\d)', date_time_str)
     self.assertTrue(
         re.match,
-        'JSON datettime string %s has incorrect format' % date_time_str)
+        'JSON datettime string %s has incorrect format' % date_time_str,
+    )
     date_time_from_json = datetime.datetime(
-        year=int(match.group(1)), month=int(match.group(2)),
-        day=int(match.group(3)), hour=int(match.group(4)),
-        minute=int(match.group(5)), second=int(match.group(6)))
+        year=int(match.group(1)),
+        month=int(match.group(2)),
+        day=int(match.group(3)),
+        hour=int(match.group(4)),
+        minute=int(match.group(5)),
+        second=int(match.group(6)),
+    )
 
     time_delta = abs(datetime.datetime.now() - date_time_from_json)
     # timestamp value should be near the current local time
-    self.assertTrue(time_delta < datetime.timedelta(seconds=600),
-                    'time_delta is %s' % time_delta)
+    self.assertTrue(
+        time_delta < datetime.timedelta(seconds=600),
+        'time_delta is %s' % time_delta,
+    )
 
   def testDefaultOutputFile(self):
     """Verifies the default output file name.
@@ -792,10 +680,12 @@
     Confirms that Google Test produces an JSON output file with the expected
     default name if no name is explicitly specified.
     """
-    output_file = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
-                               GTEST_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE)
+    output_file = os.path.join(
+        gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(), GTEST_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE
+    )
     gtest_prog_path = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(
-        'gtest_no_test_unittest')
+        'gtest_no_test_unittest'
+    )
     try:
       os.remove(output_file)
     except OSError:
@@ -805,10 +695,11 @@
 
     p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
         [gtest_prog_path, '%s=json' % GTEST_OUTPUT_FLAG],
-        working_dir=gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir())
-    self.assert_(p.exited)
-    self.assertEquals(0, p.exit_code)
-    self.assert_(os.path.isfile(output_file))
+        working_dir=gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
+    )
+    self.assertTrue(p.exited)
+    self.assertEqual(0, p.exit_code)
+    self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(output_file))
 
   def testSuppressedJsonOutput(self):
     """Verifies that no JSON output is generated.
@@ -817,28 +708,34 @@
     shut down before RUN_ALL_TESTS is invoked.
     """
 
-    json_path = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
-                             GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME + 'out.json')
+    json_path = os.path.join(
+        gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(), GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME + 'out.json'
+    )
     if os.path.isfile(json_path):
       os.remove(json_path)
 
-    command = [GTEST_PROGRAM_PATH,
-               '%s=json:%s' % (GTEST_OUTPUT_FLAG, json_path),
-               '--shut_down_xml']
+    command = [
+        GTEST_PROGRAM_PATH,
+        '%s=json:%s' % (GTEST_OUTPUT_FLAG, json_path),
+        '--shut_down_xml',
+    ]
     p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(command)
     if p.terminated_by_signal:
       # p.signal is available only if p.terminated_by_signal is True.
       self.assertFalse(
           p.terminated_by_signal,
-          '%s was killed by signal %d' % (GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME, p.signal))
+          '%s was killed by signal %d' % (GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME, p.signal),
+      )
     else:
-      self.assert_(p.exited)
-      self.assertEquals(1, p.exit_code,
-                        "'%s' exited with code %s, which doesn't match "
-                        'the expected exit code %s.'
-                        % (command, p.exit_code, 1))
+      self.assertTrue(p.exited)
+      self.assertEqual(
+          1,
+          p.exit_code,
+          "'%s' exited with code %s, which doesn't match "
+          'the expected exit code %s.' % (command, p.exit_code, 1),
+      )
 
-    self.assert_(not os.path.isfile(json_path))
+    self.assertTrue(not os.path.isfile(json_path))
 
   def testFilteredTestJsonOutput(self):
     """Verifies JSON output when a filter is applied.
@@ -847,8 +744,12 @@
     non-selected tests do not show up in the JSON output.
     """
 
-    self._TestJsonOutput(GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME, EXPECTED_FILTERED, 0,
-                         extra_args=['%s=SuccessfulTest.*' % GTEST_FILTER_FLAG])
+    self._TestJsonOutput(
+        GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME,
+        EXPECTED_FILTERED,
+        0,
+        extra_args=['%s=SuccessfulTest.*' % GTEST_FILTER_FLAG],
+    )
 
   def _GetJsonOutput(self, gtest_prog_name, extra_args, expected_exit_code):
     """Returns the JSON output generated by running the program gtest_prog_name.
@@ -860,30 +761,36 @@
       extra_args: extra arguments to binary invocation.
       expected_exit_code: program's exit code.
     """
-    json_path = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
-                             gtest_prog_name + 'out.json')
+    json_path = os.path.join(
+        gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(), gtest_prog_name + 'out.json'
+    )
     gtest_prog_path = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(gtest_prog_name)
 
-    command = (
-        [gtest_prog_path, '%s=json:%s' % (GTEST_OUTPUT_FLAG, json_path)] +
-        extra_args
-    )
+    command = [
+        gtest_prog_path,
+        '%s=json:%s' % (GTEST_OUTPUT_FLAG, json_path),
+    ] + extra_args
     p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(command)
     if p.terminated_by_signal:
-      self.assert_(False,
-                   '%s was killed by signal %d' % (gtest_prog_name, p.signal))
+      self.assertTrue(
+          False, '%s was killed by signal %d' % (gtest_prog_name, p.signal)
+      )
     else:
-      self.assert_(p.exited)
-      self.assertEquals(expected_exit_code, p.exit_code,
-                        "'%s' exited with code %s, which doesn't match "
-                        'the expected exit code %s.'
-                        % (command, p.exit_code, expected_exit_code))
+      self.assertTrue(p.exited)
+      self.assertEqual(
+          expected_exit_code,
+          p.exit_code,
+          "'%s' exited with code %s, which doesn't match "
+          'the expected exit code %s.'
+          % (command, p.exit_code, expected_exit_code),
+      )
     with open(json_path) as f:
       actual = json.load(f)
     return actual
 
-  def _TestJsonOutput(self, gtest_prog_name, expected,
-                      expected_exit_code, extra_args=None):
+  def _TestJsonOutput(
+      self, gtest_prog_name, expected, expected_exit_code, extra_args=None
+  ):
     """Checks the JSON output generated by the Google Test binary.
 
     Asserts that the JSON document generated by running the program
@@ -898,8 +805,9 @@
       extra_args: extra arguments to binary invocation.
     """
 
-    actual = self._GetJsonOutput(gtest_prog_name, extra_args or [],
-                                 expected_exit_code)
+    actual = self._GetJsonOutput(
+        gtest_prog_name, extra_args or [], expected_exit_code
+    )
     self.assertEqual(expected, gtest_json_test_utils.normalize(actual))
 
 
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-list-tests-unittest.py b/googletest/test/googletest-list-tests-unittest.py
index 9d56883..977e57f 100755
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-list-tests-unittest.py
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-list-tests-unittest.py
@@ -46,11 +46,14 @@
 LIST_TESTS_FLAG = 'gtest_list_tests'
 
 # Path to the googletest-list-tests-unittest_ program.
-EXE_PATH = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath('googletest-list-tests-unittest_')
+EXE_PATH = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(
+    'googletest-list-tests-unittest_'
+)
 
 # The expected output when running googletest-list-tests-unittest_ with
 # --gtest_list_tests
-EXPECTED_OUTPUT_NO_FILTER_RE = re.compile(r"""FooDeathTest\.
+EXPECTED_OUTPUT_NO_FILTER_RE = re.compile(
+    r"""FooDeathTest\.
   Test1
 Foo\.
   Bar1
@@ -90,11 +93,13 @@
   TestB/0  # GetParam\(\) = one line
   TestB/1  # GetParam\(\) = two\\nlines
   TestB/2  # GetParam\(\) = a very\\nlo{241}\.\.\.
-""")
+"""
+)
 
 # The expected output when running googletest-list-tests-unittest_ with
 # --gtest_list_tests and --gtest_filter=Foo*.
-EXPECTED_OUTPUT_FILTER_FOO_RE = re.compile(r"""FooDeathTest\.
+EXPECTED_OUTPUT_FILTER_FOO_RE = re.compile(
+    r"""FooDeathTest\.
   Test1
 Foo\.
   Bar1
@@ -106,7 +111,8 @@
   Test1
   DISABLED_Test2
   Test3
-""")
+"""
+)
 
 # Utilities.
 
@@ -114,8 +120,9 @@
 def Run(args):
   """Runs googletest-list-tests-unittest_ and returns the list of tests printed."""
 
-  return gtest_test_utils.Subprocess([EXE_PATH] + args,
-                                     capture_stderr=False).output
+  return gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
+      [EXE_PATH] + args, capture_stderr=False
+  ).output
 
 
 # The unit test.
@@ -125,17 +132,18 @@
   """Tests using the --gtest_list_tests flag to list all tests."""
 
   def RunAndVerify(self, flag_value, expected_output_re, other_flag):
-    """Runs googletest-list-tests-unittest_ and verifies that it prints
+    """Run googletest-list-tests-unittest_ and verify the output.
+
+    Runs googletest-list-tests-unittest_ and verifies that it prints
     the correct tests.
 
     Args:
-      flag_value:         value of the --gtest_list_tests flag;
-                          None if the flag should not be present.
-      expected_output_re: regular expression that matches the expected
-                          output after running command;
-      other_flag:         a different flag to be passed to command
-                          along with gtest_list_tests;
-                          None if the flag should not be present.
+      flag_value:         value of the --gtest_list_tests flag; None if the flag
+        should not be present.
+      expected_output_re: regular expression that matches the expected output
+        after running command;
+      other_flag:         a different flag to be passed to command along with
+        gtest_list_tests; None if the flag should not be present.
     """
 
     if flag_value is None:
@@ -156,49 +164,61 @@
     output = Run(args)
 
     if expected_output_re:
-      self.assert_(
+      self.assertTrue(
           expected_output_re.match(output),
-          ('when %s is %s, the output of "%s" is "%s",\n'
-           'which does not match regex "%s"' %
-           (LIST_TESTS_FLAG, flag_expression, ' '.join(args), output,
-            expected_output_re.pattern)))
+          'when %s is %s, the output of "%s" is "%s",\n'
+          'which does not match regex "%s"'
+          % (
+              LIST_TESTS_FLAG,
+              flag_expression,
+              ' '.join(args),
+              output,
+              expected_output_re.pattern,
+          ),
+      )
     else:
-      self.assert_(
+      self.assertTrue(
           not EXPECTED_OUTPUT_NO_FILTER_RE.match(output),
-          ('when %s is %s, the output of "%s" is "%s"'%
-           (LIST_TESTS_FLAG, flag_expression, ' '.join(args), output)))
+          'when %s is %s, the output of "%s" is "%s"'
+          % (LIST_TESTS_FLAG, flag_expression, ' '.join(args), output),
+      )
 
   def testDefaultBehavior(self):
     """Tests the behavior of the default mode."""
 
-    self.RunAndVerify(flag_value=None,
-                      expected_output_re=None,
-                      other_flag=None)
+    self.RunAndVerify(flag_value=None, expected_output_re=None, other_flag=None)
 
   def testFlag(self):
     """Tests using the --gtest_list_tests flag."""
 
-    self.RunAndVerify(flag_value='0',
-                      expected_output_re=None,
-                      other_flag=None)
-    self.RunAndVerify(flag_value='1',
-                      expected_output_re=EXPECTED_OUTPUT_NO_FILTER_RE,
-                      other_flag=None)
+    self.RunAndVerify(flag_value='0', expected_output_re=None, other_flag=None)
+    self.RunAndVerify(
+        flag_value='1',
+        expected_output_re=EXPECTED_OUTPUT_NO_FILTER_RE,
+        other_flag=None,
+    )
 
   def testOverrideNonFilterFlags(self):
     """Tests that --gtest_list_tests overrides the non-filter flags."""
 
-    self.RunAndVerify(flag_value='1',
-                      expected_output_re=EXPECTED_OUTPUT_NO_FILTER_RE,
-                      other_flag='--gtest_break_on_failure')
+    self.RunAndVerify(
+        flag_value='1',
+        expected_output_re=EXPECTED_OUTPUT_NO_FILTER_RE,
+        other_flag='--gtest_break_on_failure',
+    )
 
   def testWithFilterFlags(self):
-    """Tests that --gtest_list_tests takes into account the
-    --gtest_filter flag."""
+    """Tests that --gtest_list_tests takes into account the filter flags.
 
-    self.RunAndVerify(flag_value='1',
-                      expected_output_re=EXPECTED_OUTPUT_FILTER_FOO_RE,
-                      other_flag='--gtest_filter=Foo*')
+    Tests that --gtest_list_tests takes into account the
+    --gtest_filter flag.
+    """
+
+    self.RunAndVerify(
+        flag_value='1',
+        expected_output_re=EXPECTED_OUTPUT_FILTER_FOO_RE,
+        other_flag='--gtest_filter=Foo*',
+    )
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-listener-test.cc b/googletest/test/googletest-listener-test.cc
index 89d01b3..654486d 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-listener-test.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-listener-test.cc
@@ -38,13 +38,7 @@
 #include "gtest/internal/custom/gtest.h"
 
 using ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment;
-using ::testing::Environment;
 using ::testing::InitGoogleTest;
-using ::testing::Test;
-using ::testing::TestEventListener;
-using ::testing::TestInfo;
-using ::testing::TestPartResult;
-using ::testing::TestSuite;
 using ::testing::UnitTest;
 
 // Used by tests to register their events.
@@ -278,7 +272,7 @@
 
   AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new EnvironmentInvocationCatcher);
 
-  GTEST_CHECK_(events.size() == 0)
+  GTEST_CHECK_(events.empty())
       << "AddGlobalTestEnvironment should not generate any events itself.";
 
   GTEST_FLAG_SET(repeat, 2);
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-message-test.cc b/googletest/test/googletest-message-test.cc
index 252a861..54e9d43 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-message-test.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-message-test.cc
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@
 //
 // Tests for the Message class.
 
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+
 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-options-test.cc b/googletest/test/googletest-options-test.cc
index 1265c22..b712c06 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-options-test.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-options-test.cc
@@ -36,13 +36,15 @@
 // make-files on Windows and other platforms. Do not #include this file
 // anywhere else!
 
+#include <string>
+
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 #include <windows.h>
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)
 #include <direct.h>
-#elif GTEST_OS_OS2
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_OS2)
 // For strcasecmp on OS/2
 #include <strings.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@
           .string();
   const std::string& output_file =
       UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile();
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(expected_output_file.c_str(), output_file.c_str());
 #else
   EXPECT_EQ(expected_output_file, output_file.c_str());
@@ -99,19 +101,19 @@
 
 TEST(OutputFileHelpersTest, GetCurrentExecutableName) {
   const std::string exe_str = GetCurrentExecutableName().string();
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   const bool success =
       _strcmpi("googletest-options-test", exe_str.c_str()) == 0 ||
       _strcmpi("gtest-options-ex_test", exe_str.c_str()) == 0 ||
       _strcmpi("gtest_all_test", exe_str.c_str()) == 0 ||
       _strcmpi("gtest_dll_test", exe_str.c_str()) == 0;
-#elif GTEST_OS_OS2
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_OS2)
   const bool success =
       strcasecmp("googletest-options-test", exe_str.c_str()) == 0 ||
       strcasecmp("gtest-options-ex_test", exe_str.c_str()) == 0 ||
       strcasecmp("gtest_all_test", exe_str.c_str()) == 0 ||
       strcasecmp("gtest_dll_test", exe_str.c_str()) == 0;
-#elif GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
   const bool success = exe_str == "app";
 #else
   const bool success =
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@
   if (!success) FAIL() << "GetCurrentExecutableName() returns " << exe_str;
 }
 
-#if !GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+#ifndef GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
 
 class XmlOutputChangeDirTest : public Test {
  protected:
@@ -174,7 +176,7 @@
           .string();
   const std::string& output_file =
       UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile();
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(expected_output_file.c_str(), output_file.c_str());
 #else
   EXPECT_EQ(expected_output_file, output_file.c_str());
@@ -182,7 +184,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(XmlOutputChangeDirTest, PreserveOriginalWorkingDirWithAbsoluteFile) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   GTEST_FLAG_SET(output, "xml:c:\\tmp\\filename.abc");
   EXPECT_EQ(FilePath("c:\\tmp\\filename.abc").string(),
             UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile());
@@ -194,7 +196,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(XmlOutputChangeDirTest, PreserveOriginalWorkingDirWithAbsolutePath) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   const std::string path = "c:\\tmp\\";
 #else
   const std::string path = "/tmp/";
@@ -206,7 +208,7 @@
   const std::string& output_file =
       UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile();
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(expected_output_file.c_str(), output_file.c_str());
 #else
   EXPECT_EQ(expected_output_file, output_file.c_str());
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-output-test.py b/googletest/test/googletest-output-test.py
index ff44483..6d80d53 100755
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-output-test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-output-test.py
@@ -63,20 +63,32 @@
 # 'internal_skip_environment_and_ad_hoc_tests' argument.
 COMMAND_LIST_TESTS = ({}, [PROGRAM_PATH, '--gtest_list_tests'])
 COMMAND_WITH_COLOR = ({}, [PROGRAM_PATH, '--gtest_color=yes'])
-COMMAND_WITH_TIME = ({}, [PROGRAM_PATH,
-                          '--gtest_print_time',
-                          'internal_skip_environment_and_ad_hoc_tests',
-                          '--gtest_filter=FatalFailureTest.*:LoggingTest.*'])
+COMMAND_WITH_TIME = (
+    {},
+    [
+        PROGRAM_PATH,
+        '--gtest_print_time',
+        'internal_skip_environment_and_ad_hoc_tests',
+        '--gtest_filter=FatalFailureTest.*:LoggingTest.*',
+    ],
+)
 COMMAND_WITH_DISABLED = (
-    {}, [PROGRAM_PATH,
-         '--gtest_also_run_disabled_tests',
-         'internal_skip_environment_and_ad_hoc_tests',
-         '--gtest_filter=*DISABLED_*'])
+    {},
+    [
+        PROGRAM_PATH,
+        '--gtest_also_run_disabled_tests',
+        'internal_skip_environment_and_ad_hoc_tests',
+        '--gtest_filter=*DISABLED_*',
+    ],
+)
 COMMAND_WITH_SHARDING = (
     {'GTEST_SHARD_INDEX': '1', 'GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS': '2'},
-    [PROGRAM_PATH,
-     'internal_skip_environment_and_ad_hoc_tests',
-     '--gtest_filter=PassingTest.*'])
+    [
+        PROGRAM_PATH,
+        'internal_skip_environment_and_ad_hoc_tests',
+        '--gtest_filter=PassingTest.*',
+    ],
+)
 
 GOLDEN_PATH = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetSourceDir(), GOLDEN_NAME)
 
@@ -100,23 +112,27 @@
        'FILE_NAME:#: '.
   """
 
-  return re.sub(r'.*[/\\]((googletest-output-test_|gtest).cc)(\:\d+|\(\d+\))\: ',
-                r'\1:#: ', test_output)
+  return re.sub(
+      r'.*[/\\]((googletest-output-test_|gtest).cc)(\:\d+|\(\d+\))\: ',
+      r'\1:#: ',
+      test_output,
+  )
 
 
 def RemoveStackTraceDetails(output):
   """Removes all stack traces from a Google Test program's output."""
 
   # *? means "find the shortest string that matches".
-  return re.sub(r'Stack trace:(.|\n)*?\n\n',
-                'Stack trace: (omitted)\n\n', output)
+  return re.sub(
+      r'Stack trace:(.|\n)*?\n\n', 'Stack trace: (omitted)\n\n', output
+  )
 
 
 def RemoveStackTraces(output):
   """Removes all traces of stack traces from a Google Test program's output."""
 
   # *? means "find the shortest string that matches".
-  return re.sub(r'Stack trace:(.|\n)*?\n\n', '', output)
+  return re.sub(r'Stack trace:(.|\n)*?\n', '', output)
 
 
 def RemoveTime(output):
@@ -156,14 +172,12 @@
 def RemoveTestCounts(output):
   """Removes test counts from a Google Test program's output."""
 
-  output = re.sub(r'\d+ tests?, listed below',
-                  '? tests, listed below', output)
-  output = re.sub(r'\d+ FAILED TESTS',
-                  '? FAILED TESTS', output)
-  output = re.sub(r'\d+ tests? from \d+ test cases?',
-                  '? tests from ? test cases', output)
-  output = re.sub(r'\d+ tests? from ([a-zA-Z_])',
-                  r'? tests from \1', output)
+  output = re.sub(r'\d+ tests?, listed below', '? tests, listed below', output)
+  output = re.sub(r'\d+ FAILED TESTS', '? FAILED TESTS', output)
+  output = re.sub(
+      r'\d+ tests? from \d+ test cases?', '? tests from ? test cases', output
+  )
+  output = re.sub(r'\d+ tests? from ([a-zA-Z_])', r'? tests from \1', output)
   return re.sub(r'\d+ tests?\.', '? tests.', output)
 
 
@@ -175,18 +189,19 @@
 
   Args:
     test_output:       A string containing the test output.
-    pattern:           A regex string that matches names of test cases or
-                       tests to remove.
+    pattern:           A regex string that matches names of test cases or tests
+      to remove.
 
   Returns:
     Contents of test_output with tests whose names match pattern removed.
   """
 
   test_output = re.sub(
-      r'.*\[ RUN      \] .*%s(.|\n)*?\[(  FAILED  |       OK )\] .*%s.*\n' % (
-          pattern, pattern),
+      r'.*\[ RUN      \] .*%s(.|\n)*?\[(  FAILED  |       OK )\] .*%s.*\n'
+      % (pattern, pattern),
       '',
-      test_output)
+      test_output,
+  )
   return re.sub(r'.*%s.*\n' % pattern, '', test_output)
 
 
@@ -205,8 +220,8 @@
 
   Args:
     env_cmd: The shell command. A 2-tuple where element 0 is a dict of extra
-             environment variables to set, and element 1 is a string with
-             the command and any flags.
+      environment variables to set, and element 1 is a string with the command
+      and any flags.
 
   Returns:
     A string with the command's combined standard and diagnostic output.
@@ -222,13 +237,16 @@
 
 
 def GetCommandOutput(env_cmd):
-  """Runs a command and returns its output with all file location
-  info stripped off.
+  """Runs a command and returns output with all file location info stripped off.
 
   Args:
     env_cmd:  The shell command. A 2-tuple where element 0 is a dict of extra
-              environment variables to set, and element 1 is a string with
-              the command and any flags.
+      environment variables to set, and element 1 is a string with the command
+      and any flags.
+
+  Returns:
+    A string with the command's combined standard and diagnostic output. File
+    location info is stripped.
   """
 
   # Disables exception pop-ups on Windows.
@@ -241,10 +259,12 @@
 def GetOutputOfAllCommands():
   """Returns concatenated output from several representative commands."""
 
-  return (GetCommandOutput(COMMAND_WITH_COLOR) +
-          GetCommandOutput(COMMAND_WITH_TIME) +
-          GetCommandOutput(COMMAND_WITH_DISABLED) +
-          GetCommandOutput(COMMAND_WITH_SHARDING))
+  return (
+      GetCommandOutput(COMMAND_WITH_COLOR)
+      + GetCommandOutput(COMMAND_WITH_TIME)
+      + GetCommandOutput(COMMAND_WITH_DISABLED)
+      + GetCommandOutput(COMMAND_WITH_SHARDING)
+  )
 
 
 test_list = GetShellCommandOutput(COMMAND_LIST_TESTS)
@@ -253,12 +273,16 @@
 SUPPORTS_THREADS = 'ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest' in test_list
 SUPPORTS_STACK_TRACES = NO_STACKTRACE_SUPPORT_FLAG not in sys.argv
 
-CAN_GENERATE_GOLDEN_FILE = (SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS and
-                            SUPPORTS_TYPED_TESTS and
-                            SUPPORTS_THREADS and
-                            SUPPORTS_STACK_TRACES)
+CAN_GENERATE_GOLDEN_FILE = (
+    SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS
+    and SUPPORTS_TYPED_TESTS
+    and SUPPORTS_THREADS
+    and SUPPORTS_STACK_TRACES
+)
+
 
 class GTestOutputTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
+
   def RemoveUnsupportedTests(self, test_output):
     if not SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS:
       test_output = RemoveMatchingTests(test_output, 'DeathTest')
@@ -267,12 +291,13 @@
       test_output = RemoveMatchingTests(test_output, 'TypedDeathTest')
       test_output = RemoveMatchingTests(test_output, 'TypeParamDeathTest')
     if not SUPPORTS_THREADS:
-      test_output = RemoveMatchingTests(test_output,
-                                        'ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest')
-      test_output = RemoveMatchingTests(test_output,
-                                        'ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest')
-      test_output = RemoveMatchingTests(test_output,
-                                        'WorksConcurrently')
+      test_output = RemoveMatchingTests(
+          test_output, 'ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest'
+      )
+      test_output = RemoveMatchingTests(
+          test_output, 'ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest'
+      )
+      test_output = RemoveMatchingTests(test_output, 'WorksConcurrently')
     if not SUPPORTS_STACK_TRACES:
       test_output = RemoveStackTraces(test_output)
 
@@ -297,27 +322,42 @@
     normalized_golden = RemoveTypeInfoDetails(golden)
 
     if CAN_GENERATE_GOLDEN_FILE:
-      self.assertEqual(normalized_golden, normalized_actual,
-                       '\n'.join(difflib.unified_diff(
-                           normalized_golden.split('\n'),
-                           normalized_actual.split('\n'),
-                           'golden', 'actual')))
+      self.assertEqual(
+          normalized_golden,
+          normalized_actual,
+          '\n'.join(
+              difflib.unified_diff(
+                  normalized_golden.split('\n'),
+                  normalized_actual.split('\n'),
+                  'golden',
+                  'actual',
+              )
+          ),
+      )
     else:
       normalized_actual = NormalizeToCurrentPlatform(
-          RemoveTestCounts(normalized_actual))
+          RemoveTestCounts(normalized_actual)
+      )
       normalized_golden = NormalizeToCurrentPlatform(
-          RemoveTestCounts(self.RemoveUnsupportedTests(normalized_golden)))
+          RemoveTestCounts(self.RemoveUnsupportedTests(normalized_golden))
+      )
 
       # This code is very handy when debugging golden file differences:
       if os.getenv('DEBUG_GTEST_OUTPUT_TEST'):
-        open(os.path.join(
-            gtest_test_utils.GetSourceDir(),
-            '_googletest-output-test_normalized_actual.txt'), 'wb').write(
-                normalized_actual)
-        open(os.path.join(
-            gtest_test_utils.GetSourceDir(),
-            '_googletest-output-test_normalized_golden.txt'), 'wb').write(
-                normalized_golden)
+        open(
+            os.path.join(
+                gtest_test_utils.GetSourceDir(),
+                '_googletest-output-test_normalized_actual.txt',
+            ),
+            'wb',
+        ).write(normalized_actual)
+        open(
+            os.path.join(
+                gtest_test_utils.GetSourceDir(),
+                '_googletest-output-test_normalized_golden.txt',
+            ),
+            'wb',
+        ).write(normalized_golden)
 
       self.assertEqual(normalized_golden, normalized_actual)
 
@@ -334,11 +374,10 @@
       golden_file.write(output.encode())
       golden_file.close()
     else:
-      message = (
-          """Unable to write a golden file when compiled in an environment
+      message = """Unable to write a golden file when compiled in an environment
 that does not support all the required features (death tests,
 typed tests, stack traces, and multiple threads).
-Please build this test and generate the golden file using Blaze on Linux.""")
+Please build this test and generate the golden file using Blaze on Linux."""
 
       sys.stderr.write(message)
       sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-output-test_.cc b/googletest/test/googletest-output-test_.cc
index c2f96d9..44d0fc1 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-output-test_.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-output-test_.cc
@@ -39,11 +39,9 @@
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 
-#if _MSC_VER
 GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4127 /* conditional expression is constant */)
-#endif  //  _MSC_VER
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 using testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter;
 using testing::TestPartResultArray;
 
@@ -249,7 +247,7 @@
                 << "contain trace point A, B, and D.";
 }
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 // Tests that SCOPED_TRACE()s can be used concurrently from multiple
 // threads.  Namely, an assertion should be affected by
 // SCOPED_TRACE()s in its own thread only.
@@ -775,7 +773,7 @@
 // typedef ::testing::Types<char, int, unsigned int> MyTypes;
 // INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(All, DetectNotInstantiatedTypesTest, MyTypes);
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 // We rely on the golden file to verify that tests whose test case
 // name ends with DeathTest are run first.
@@ -853,7 +851,7 @@
                           "failure.");
 }
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 class ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest : public ExpectFailureTest {
  protected:
@@ -1026,11 +1024,11 @@
       std::count(argv, argv + argc,
                  std::string("internal_skip_environment_and_ad_hoc_tests")) > 0;
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-  if (GTEST_FLAG_GET(internal_run_death_test) != "") {
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+  if (!GTEST_FLAG_GET(internal_run_death_test).empty()) {
     // Skip the usual output capturing if we're running as the child
     // process of an threadsafe-style death test.
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)
     posix::FReopen("nul:", "w", stdout);
 #else
     posix::FReopen("/dev/null", "w", stdout);
@@ -1046,8 +1044,6 @@
   // are registered, and torn down in the reverse order.
   testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new FooEnvironment);
   testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new BarEnvironment);
-#if _MSC_VER
   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  //  4127
-#endif                               //  _MSC_VER
   return RunAllTests();
 }
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-param-test-invalid-name1-test.py b/googletest/test/googletest-param-test-invalid-name1-test.py
index b8d609a..4886e49 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-param-test-invalid-name1-test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-param-test-invalid-name1-test.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 def TestExitCodeAndOutput(command):
   """Runs the given command and verifies its exit code and output."""
 
-  err = ('Parameterized test name \'"InvalidWithQuotes"\' is invalid')
+  err = 'Parameterized test name \'"InvalidWithQuotes"\' is invalid'
 
   p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(command)
   Assert(p.terminated_by_signal)
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-param-test-invalid-name2-test.py b/googletest/test/googletest-param-test-invalid-name2-test.py
index d92fa06..bcd8ddf 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-param-test-invalid-name2-test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-param-test-invalid-name2-test.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 def TestExitCodeAndOutput(command):
   """Runs the given command and verifies its exit code and output."""
 
-  err = ('Duplicate parameterized test name \'a\'')
+  err = "Duplicate parameterized test name 'a'"
 
   p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(command)
   Assert(p.terminated_by_signal)
@@ -58,5 +58,6 @@
   def testExitCodeAndOutput(self):
     TestExitCodeAndOutput(COMMAND)
 
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   gtest_test_utils.Main()
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-param-test-test.cc b/googletest/test/googletest-param-test-test.cc
index e3090ae..c9c5e78 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-param-test-test.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-param-test-test.cc
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #include <set>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
+#include <tuple>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@
 using ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment;
 using ::testing::Bool;
 using ::testing::Combine;
+using ::testing::ConvertGenerator;
 using ::testing::Message;
 using ::testing::Range;
 using ::testing::TestWithParam;
@@ -219,7 +221,7 @@
   }
   DogAdder operator+(const DogAdder& other) const {
     Message msg;
-    msg << value_.c_str() << other.value_.c_str();
+    msg << value_ << other.value_;
     return DogAdder(msg.GetString().c_str());
   }
   bool operator<(const DogAdder& other) const { return value_ < other.value_; }
@@ -402,7 +404,7 @@
 TEST(CombineTest, CombineWithTwoParameters) {
   const char* foo = "foo";
   const char* bar = "bar";
-  const ParamGenerator<std::tuple<const char*, int> > gen =
+  const ParamGenerator<std::tuple<const char*, int>> gen =
       Combine(Values(foo, bar), Values(3, 4));
 
   std::tuple<const char*, int> expected_values[] = {
@@ -413,7 +415,7 @@
 
 // Tests that Combine() with three parameters generates the expected sequence.
 TEST(CombineTest, CombineWithThreeParameters) {
-  const ParamGenerator<std::tuple<int, int, int> > gen =
+  const ParamGenerator<std::tuple<int, int, int>> gen =
       Combine(Values(0, 1), Values(3, 4), Values(5, 6));
   std::tuple<int, int, int> expected_values[] = {
       std::make_tuple(0, 3, 5), std::make_tuple(0, 3, 6),
@@ -427,7 +429,7 @@
 // sequence generates a sequence with the number of elements equal to the
 // number of elements in the sequence generated by the second parameter.
 TEST(CombineTest, CombineWithFirstParameterSingleValue) {
-  const ParamGenerator<std::tuple<int, int> > gen =
+  const ParamGenerator<std::tuple<int, int>> gen =
       Combine(Values(42), Values(0, 1));
 
   std::tuple<int, int> expected_values[] = {std::make_tuple(42, 0),
@@ -439,7 +441,7 @@
 // sequence generates a sequence with the number of elements equal to the
 // number of elements in the sequence generated by the first parameter.
 TEST(CombineTest, CombineWithSecondParameterSingleValue) {
-  const ParamGenerator<std::tuple<int, int> > gen =
+  const ParamGenerator<std::tuple<int, int>> gen =
       Combine(Values(0, 1), Values(42));
 
   std::tuple<int, int> expected_values[] = {std::make_tuple(0, 42),
@@ -450,7 +452,7 @@
 // Tests that when the first parameter produces an empty sequence,
 // Combine() produces an empty sequence, too.
 TEST(CombineTest, CombineWithFirstParameterEmptyRange) {
-  const ParamGenerator<std::tuple<int, int> > gen =
+  const ParamGenerator<std::tuple<int, int>> gen =
       Combine(Range(0, 0), Values(0, 1));
   VerifyGeneratorIsEmpty(gen);
 }
@@ -458,7 +460,7 @@
 // Tests that when the second parameter produces an empty sequence,
 // Combine() produces an empty sequence, too.
 TEST(CombineTest, CombineWithSecondParameterEmptyRange) {
-  const ParamGenerator<std::tuple<int, int> > gen =
+  const ParamGenerator<std::tuple<int, int>> gen =
       Combine(Values(0, 1), Range(1, 1));
   VerifyGeneratorIsEmpty(gen);
 }
@@ -469,7 +471,7 @@
   const char* foo = "foo";
   const char* bar = "bar";
   const ParamGenerator<
-      std::tuple<const char*, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int> >
+      std::tuple<const char*, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int>>
       gen =
           Combine(Values(foo, bar), Values(1), Values(2), Values(3), Values(4),
                   Values(5), Values(6), Values(7), Values(8), Values(9));
@@ -497,11 +499,11 @@
 };
 
 TEST(CombineTest, NonDefaultConstructAssign) {
-  const ParamGenerator<std::tuple<int, NonDefaultConstructAssignString> > gen =
+  const ParamGenerator<std::tuple<int, NonDefaultConstructAssignString>> gen =
       Combine(Values(0, 1), Values(NonDefaultConstructAssignString("A"),
                                    NonDefaultConstructAssignString("B")));
 
-  ParamGenerator<std::tuple<int, NonDefaultConstructAssignString> >::iterator
+  ParamGenerator<std::tuple<int, NonDefaultConstructAssignString>>::iterator
       it = gen.begin();
 
   EXPECT_EQ(0, std::get<0>(*it));
@@ -523,6 +525,64 @@
   EXPECT_TRUE(it == gen.end());
 }
 
+template <typename T>
+class ConstructFromT {
+ public:
+  explicit ConstructFromT(const T& t) : t_(t) {}
+  template <typename... Args,
+            typename std::enable_if<sizeof...(Args) != 1, int>::type = 0>
+  ConstructFromT(Args&&... args) : t_(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
+
+  bool operator==(const ConstructFromT& other) const { return other.t_ == t_; }
+
+  const T& get() const { return t_; }
+
+ private:
+  T t_;
+};
+
+TEST(ConvertTest, CombineWithTwoParameters) {
+  const char* foo = "foo";
+  const char* bar = "bar";
+  const ParamGenerator<ConstructFromT<std::tuple<const char*, int>>> gen =
+      ConvertGenerator<std::tuple<const char*, int>>(
+          Combine(Values(foo, bar), Values(3, 4)));
+
+  ConstructFromT<std::tuple<const char*, int>> expected_values[] = {
+      {foo, 3}, {foo, 4}, {bar, 3}, {bar, 4}};
+  VerifyGenerator(gen, expected_values);
+}
+
+TEST(ConvertTest, NonDefaultConstructAssign) {
+  const ParamGenerator<
+      ConstructFromT<std::tuple<int, NonDefaultConstructAssignString>>>
+      gen = ConvertGenerator<std::tuple<int, NonDefaultConstructAssignString>>(
+          Combine(Values(0, 1), Values(NonDefaultConstructAssignString("A"),
+                                       NonDefaultConstructAssignString("B"))));
+
+  ParamGenerator<ConstructFromT<
+      std::tuple<int, NonDefaultConstructAssignString>>>::iterator it =
+      gen.begin();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, std::get<0>(it->get()));
+  EXPECT_EQ("A", std::get<1>(it->get()).str());
+  ++it;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, std::get<0>(it->get()));
+  EXPECT_EQ("B", std::get<1>(it->get()).str());
+  ++it;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, std::get<0>(it->get()));
+  EXPECT_EQ("A", std::get<1>(it->get()).str());
+  ++it;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, std::get<0>(it->get()));
+  EXPECT_EQ("B", std::get<1>(it->get()).str());
+  ++it;
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it == gen.end());
+}
+
 // Tests that an generator produces correct sequence after being
 // assigned from another generator.
 TEST(ParamGeneratorTest, AssignmentWorks) {
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-port-test.cc b/googletest/test/googletest-port-test.cc
index c20dfa4..1ba3f50 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-port-test.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-port-test.cc
@@ -32,13 +32,14 @@
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
-#if GTEST_OS_MAC
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_MAC
 #include <time.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
 
 #include <chrono>  // NOLINT
 #include <list>
 #include <memory>
+#include <string>
 #include <thread>   // NOLINT
 #include <utility>  // For std::pair and std::make_pair.
 #include <vector>
@@ -280,9 +281,11 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("unknown file", FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(nullptr, -1));
 }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_QNX || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA || \
-    GTEST_OS_DRAGONFLY || GTEST_OS_FREEBSD || GTEST_OS_GNU_KFREEBSD ||    \
-    GTEST_OS_NETBSD || GTEST_OS_OPENBSD || GTEST_OS_GNU_HURD
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_LINUX) || defined(GTEST_OS_MAC) ||           \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_QNX) || defined(GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA) ||         \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_DRAGONFLY) || defined(GTEST_OS_FREEBSD) ||   \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_GNU_KFREEBSD) || defined(GTEST_OS_NETBSD) || \
+    defined(GTEST_OS_OPENBSD) || defined(GTEST_OS_GNU_HURD)
 void* ThreadFunc(void* data) {
   internal::Mutex* mutex = static_cast<internal::Mutex*>(data);
   mutex->Lock();
@@ -358,7 +361,7 @@
   const char regex[] =
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
       "googletest-port-test\\.cc\\(\\d+\\):"
-#elif GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+#elif defined(GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE)
       "googletest-port-test\\.cc:[0-9]+"
 #else
       "googletest-port-test\\.cc:\\d+"
@@ -369,7 +372,7 @@
                             regex);
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 TEST(GtestCheckDeathTest, LivesSilentlyOnSuccess) {
   EXPECT_EXIT(
@@ -387,7 +390,7 @@
 // the platform. The test will produce compiler errors in case of failure.
 // For simplicity, we only cover the most important platforms here.
 TEST(RegexEngineSelectionTest, SelectsCorrectRegexEngine) {
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_ABSL
   EXPECT_TRUE(GTEST_USES_RE2);
 #elif GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
   EXPECT_TRUE(GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE);
@@ -396,7 +399,7 @@
 #endif
 }
 
-#if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+#ifdef GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
 
 template <typename Str>
 class RETest : public ::testing::Test {};
@@ -453,7 +456,7 @@
   EXPECT_FALSE(RE::PartialMatch(TypeParam("zza"), re));
 }
 
-#elif GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
+#elif defined(GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE)
 
 TEST(IsInSetTest, NulCharIsNotInAnySet) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(IsInSet('\0', ""));
@@ -915,7 +918,7 @@
 
 #endif  // GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
 
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifndef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
 TEST(CaptureTest, CapturesStdout) {
   CaptureStdout();
@@ -1008,7 +1011,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(thread_local_string.pointer(), const_thread_local_string.pointer());
 }
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 void AddTwo(int* param) { *param += 2; }
 
@@ -1063,7 +1066,7 @@
 
       GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_unlock(&memory_barrier_mutex));
       GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_destroy(&memory_barrier_mutex));
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)
       // On Windows, performing an interlocked access puts up a memory barrier.
       volatile LONG dummy = 0;
       ::InterlockedIncrement(&dummy);
@@ -1101,9 +1104,9 @@
   // Creates and runs kThreadCount threads that increment locked_counter
   // kCycleCount times each.
   for (int i = 0; i < kThreadCount; ++i) {
-    counting_threads[i].reset(new ThreadType(
+    counting_threads[i] = std::make_unique<ThreadType>(
         &CountingThreadFunc, make_pair(&locked_counter, kCycleCount),
-        &threads_can_start));
+        &threads_can_start);
   }
   threads_can_start.Notify();
   for (int i = 0; i < kThreadCount; ++i) counting_threads[i]->Join();
@@ -1145,14 +1148,14 @@
  public:
   DestructorCall() {
     invoked_ = false;
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
     wait_event_.Reset(::CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL));
     GTEST_CHECK_(wait_event_.Get() != NULL);
 #endif
   }
 
   bool CheckDestroyed() const {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
     if (::WaitForSingleObject(wait_event_.Get(), 1000) != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
       return false;
 #endif
@@ -1161,7 +1164,7 @@
 
   void ReportDestroyed() {
     invoked_ = true;
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
     ::SetEvent(wait_event_.Get());
 #endif
   }
@@ -1177,7 +1180,7 @@
 
  private:
   bool invoked_;
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   AutoHandle wait_event_;
 #endif
   static std::vector<DestructorCall*>* const list_;
@@ -1277,12 +1280,12 @@
 
 #endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 TEST(WindowsTypesTest, HANDLEIsVoidStar) {
   StaticAssertTypeEq<HANDLE, void*>();
 }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW && !defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR)
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW) && !defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR)
 TEST(WindowsTypesTest, _CRITICAL_SECTIONIs_CRITICAL_SECTION) {
   StaticAssertTypeEq<CRITICAL_SECTION, _CRITICAL_SECTION>();
 }
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-printers-test.cc b/googletest/test/googletest-printers-test.cc
index acfecf9..7fa82d0 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-printers-test.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-printers-test.cc
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <deque>
 #include <forward_list>
+#include <functional>
 #include <limits>
 #include <list>
 #include <map>
@@ -193,6 +194,11 @@
   return os;
 }
 
+struct StreamableInLocal {};
+void operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const StreamableInLocal& /* x */) {
+  os << "StreamableInLocal";
+}
+
 // A user-defined streamable but recursively-defined container type in
 // a user namespace, it mimics therefore std::filesystem::path or
 // boost::filesystem::path.
@@ -260,7 +266,6 @@
 using ::std::vector;
 using ::testing::PrintToString;
 using ::testing::internal::FormatForComparisonFailureMessage;
-using ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_;
 using ::testing::internal::NativeArray;
 using ::testing::internal::RelationToSourceReference;
 using ::testing::internal::Strings;
@@ -354,7 +359,7 @@
 
 TEST(PrintCharTest, Char32) { EXPECT_EQ("U+0041", Print(U'A')); }
 
-#ifdef __cpp_char8_t
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_char8_t
 TEST(PrintCharTest, Char8) { EXPECT_EQ("U+0041", Print(u8'A')); }
 #endif
 
@@ -407,7 +412,7 @@
             Print(std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()));  // uint64
   EXPECT_EQ("-9223372036854775808",
             Print(std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min()));  // int64
-#ifdef __cpp_char8_t
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_char8_t
   EXPECT_EQ("U+0000",
             Print(std::numeric_limits<char8_t>::min()));  // char8_t
   EXPECT_EQ("U+00FF",
@@ -426,7 +431,7 @@
 // Size types.
 TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Size_t) {
   EXPECT_EQ("1", Print(sizeof('a')));  // size_t.
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifndef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   // Windows has no ssize_t type.
   EXPECT_EQ("-2", Print(static_cast<ssize_t>(-2)));  // ssize_t.
 #endif                                               // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
@@ -452,7 +457,15 @@
 
 // Floating-points.
 TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, FloatingPoints) {
-  EXPECT_EQ("1.5", Print(1.5f));   // float
+  // float (32-bit precision)
+  EXPECT_EQ("1.5", Print(1.5f));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("1.0999999", Print(1.09999990f));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1.1", Print(1.10000002f));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1.10000014", Print(1.10000014f));
+  EXPECT_EQ("9e+09", Print(9e9f));
+
+  // double
   EXPECT_EQ("-2.5", Print(-2.5));  // double
 }
 
@@ -505,7 +518,7 @@
             Print(p));
 }
 
-#ifdef __cpp_char8_t
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_char8_t
 // const char8_t*.
 TEST(PrintU8StringTest, Const) {
   const char8_t* p = u8"界";
@@ -802,7 +815,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("\"\\0Hi\"", PrintArrayHelper(a));
 }
 
-#ifdef __cpp_char8_t
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_char8_t
 // char_t array without terminating NUL.
 TEST(PrintArrayTest, Char8ArrayWithNoTerminatingNul) {
   // Array a contains '\0' in the middle and doesn't end with '\0'.
@@ -922,7 +935,7 @@
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 
-#ifdef __cpp_char8_t
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_char8_t
 TEST(PrintStringTest, U8String) {
   std::u8string str = u8"Hello, 世界";
   EXPECT_EQ(str, str);  // Verify EXPECT_EQ compiles with this type.
@@ -1604,6 +1617,23 @@
                           "\n    As Text: \"From ä — ẑ\"");
 }
 
+TEST(PrintToStringTest, PrintStreamableInLocal) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ("StreamableInLocal",
+               PrintToString(foo::StreamableInLocal()).c_str());
+}
+
+TEST(PrintToStringTest, PrintReferenceToStreamableInLocal) {
+  foo::StreamableInLocal s;
+  std::reference_wrapper<foo::StreamableInLocal> r(s);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("StreamableInLocal", PrintToString(r).c_str());
+}
+
+TEST(PrintToStringTest, PrintReferenceToStreamableInGlobal) {
+  StreamableInGlobal s;
+  std::reference_wrapper<StreamableInGlobal> r(s);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("StreamableInGlobal", PrintToString(r).c_str());
+}
+
 TEST(IsValidUTF8Test, IllFormedUTF8) {
   // The following test strings are ill-formed UTF-8 and are printed
   // as hex only (or ASCII, in case of ASCII bytes) because IsValidUTF8() is
@@ -1765,7 +1795,8 @@
   std::shared_ptr<int> p3(new int(1979));
   EXPECT_EQ("(ptr = " + PrintPointer(p3.get()) + ", value = 1979)",
             PrintToString(p3));
-#if __cpp_lib_shared_ptr_arrays >= 201611L
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_shared_ptr_arrays) && \
+    (__cpp_lib_shared_ptr_arrays >= 201611L)
   std::shared_ptr<int[]> p4(new int[2]);
   EXPECT_EQ("(" + PrintPointer(p4.get()) + ")", PrintToString(p4));
 #endif
@@ -1784,7 +1815,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("(nullptr)", PrintToString(std::shared_ptr<const int>()));
   EXPECT_EQ("(nullptr)", PrintToString(std::shared_ptr<volatile int>()));
   EXPECT_EQ("(nullptr)", PrintToString(std::shared_ptr<volatile const int>()));
-#if __cpp_lib_shared_ptr_arrays >= 201611L
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_shared_ptr_arrays) && \
+    (__cpp_lib_shared_ptr_arrays >= 201611L)
   EXPECT_EQ("(nullptr)", PrintToString(std::shared_ptr<int[]>()));
   EXPECT_EQ("(nullptr)", PrintToString(std::shared_ptr<const int[]>()));
   EXPECT_EQ("(nullptr)", PrintToString(std::shared_ptr<volatile int[]>()));
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-setuptestsuite-test.py b/googletest/test/googletest-setuptestsuite-test.py
index 9d1fd02..899531f 100755
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-setuptestsuite-test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-setuptestsuite-test.py
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@
 from googletest.test import gtest_test_utils
 
 COMMAND = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(
-    'googletest-setuptestsuite-test_')
+    'googletest-setuptestsuite-test_'
+)
 
 
 class GTestSetUpTestSuiteTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
@@ -44,11 +45,14 @@
     self.assertNotEqual(p.exit_code, 0, msg=p.output)
 
     self.assertIn(
-        '[  FAILED  ] SetupFailTest: SetUpTestSuite or TearDownTestSuite\n'
-        '[  FAILED  ] TearDownFailTest: SetUpTestSuite or TearDownTestSuite\n'
-        '\n'
-        ' 2 FAILED TEST SUITES\n',
-        p.output)
+        (
+            '[  FAILED  ] SetupFailTest: SetUpTestSuite or TearDownTestSuite\n['
+            '  FAILED  ] TearDownFailTest: SetUpTestSuite or'
+            ' TearDownTestSuite\n\n 2 FAILED TEST SUITES\n'
+        ),
+        p.output,
+    )
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   gtest_test_utils.Main()
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-shuffle-test.py b/googletest/test/googletest-shuffle-test.py
index 9d2adc1..61e3a15 100755
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-shuffle-test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-shuffle-test.py
@@ -130,38 +130,50 @@
 
   if not ALL_TESTS:
     ALL_TESTS.extend(
-        GetTestsForAllIterations({}, [AlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag()])[0])
+        GetTestsForAllIterations({}, [AlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag()])[0]
+    )
 
   if not ACTIVE_TESTS:
     ACTIVE_TESTS.extend(GetTestsForAllIterations({}, [])[0])
 
   if not FILTERED_TESTS:
     FILTERED_TESTS.extend(
-        GetTestsForAllIterations({}, [FilterFlag(TEST_FILTER)])[0])
+        GetTestsForAllIterations({}, [FilterFlag(TEST_FILTER)])[0]
+    )
 
   if not SHARDED_TESTS:
     SHARDED_TESTS.extend(
-        GetTestsForAllIterations({TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: '3',
-                                  SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: '1'},
-                                 [])[0])
+        GetTestsForAllIterations(
+            {TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: '3', SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: '1'}, []
+        )[0]
+    )
 
   if not SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS:
-    SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS.extend(GetTestsForAllIterations(
-        {}, [AlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag(), ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1)])[0])
+    SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS.extend(
+        GetTestsForAllIterations(
+            {}, [AlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag(), ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1)]
+        )[0]
+    )
 
   if not SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS:
-    SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS.extend(GetTestsForAllIterations(
-        {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1)])[0])
+    SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS.extend(
+        GetTestsForAllIterations({}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1)])[0]
+    )
 
   if not SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS:
-    SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS.extend(GetTestsForAllIterations(
-        {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1), FilterFlag(TEST_FILTER)])[0])
+    SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS.extend(
+        GetTestsForAllIterations(
+            {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1), FilterFlag(TEST_FILTER)]
+        )[0]
+    )
 
   if not SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS:
     SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS.extend(
-        GetTestsForAllIterations({TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: '3',
-                                  SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: '1'},
-                                 [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1)])[0])
+        GetTestsForAllIterations(
+            {TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: '3', SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: '1'},
+            [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1)],
+        )[0]
+    )
 
 
 class GTestShuffleUnitTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
@@ -177,66 +189,91 @@
     self.assertEqual(len(SHARDED_TESTS), len(SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS))
 
   def testShuffleChangesTestOrder(self):
-    self.assert_(SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS != ALL_TESTS, SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS)
-    self.assert_(SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS != ACTIVE_TESTS, SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS)
-    self.assert_(SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS != FILTERED_TESTS,
-                 SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS)
-    self.assert_(SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS != SHARDED_TESTS,
-                 SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS)
+    self.assertTrue(SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS != ALL_TESTS, SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS)
+    self.assertTrue(
+        SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS != ACTIVE_TESTS, SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS
+    )
+    self.assertTrue(
+        SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS != FILTERED_TESTS, SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS
+    )
+    self.assertTrue(
+        SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS != SHARDED_TESTS, SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS
+    )
 
   def testShuffleChangesTestCaseOrder(self):
-    self.assert_(GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS) != GetTestCases(ALL_TESTS),
-                 GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS))
-    self.assert_(
+    self.assertTrue(
+        GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS) != GetTestCases(ALL_TESTS),
+        GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS),
+    )
+    self.assertTrue(
         GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS) != GetTestCases(ACTIVE_TESTS),
-        GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS))
-    self.assert_(
+        GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS),
+    )
+    self.assertTrue(
         GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS) != GetTestCases(FILTERED_TESTS),
-        GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS))
-    self.assert_(
+        GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS),
+    )
+    self.assertTrue(
         GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS) != GetTestCases(SHARDED_TESTS),
-        GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS))
+        GetTestCases(SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS),
+    )
 
   def testShuffleDoesNotRepeatTest(self):
     for test in SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS:
-      self.assertEqual(1, SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS.count(test),
-                       '%s appears more than once' % (test,))
+      self.assertEqual(
+          1,
+          SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS.count(test),
+          '%s appears more than once' % (test,),
+      )
     for test in SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS:
-      self.assertEqual(1, SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS.count(test),
-                       '%s appears more than once' % (test,))
+      self.assertEqual(
+          1,
+          SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS.count(test),
+          '%s appears more than once' % (test,),
+      )
     for test in SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS:
-      self.assertEqual(1, SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS.count(test),
-                       '%s appears more than once' % (test,))
+      self.assertEqual(
+          1,
+          SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS.count(test),
+          '%s appears more than once' % (test,),
+      )
     for test in SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS:
-      self.assertEqual(1, SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS.count(test),
-                       '%s appears more than once' % (test,))
+      self.assertEqual(
+          1,
+          SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS.count(test),
+          '%s appears more than once' % (test,),
+      )
 
   def testShuffleDoesNotCreateNewTest(self):
     for test in SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS:
-      self.assert_(test in ALL_TESTS, '%s is an invalid test' % (test,))
+      self.assertTrue(test in ALL_TESTS, '%s is an invalid test' % (test,))
     for test in SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS:
-      self.assert_(test in ACTIVE_TESTS, '%s is an invalid test' % (test,))
+      self.assertTrue(test in ACTIVE_TESTS, '%s is an invalid test' % (test,))
     for test in SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS:
-      self.assert_(test in FILTERED_TESTS, '%s is an invalid test' % (test,))
+      self.assertTrue(test in FILTERED_TESTS, '%s is an invalid test' % (test,))
     for test in SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS:
-      self.assert_(test in SHARDED_TESTS, '%s is an invalid test' % (test,))
+      self.assertTrue(test in SHARDED_TESTS, '%s is an invalid test' % (test,))
 
   def testShuffleIncludesAllTests(self):
     for test in ALL_TESTS:
-      self.assert_(test in SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS, '%s is missing' % (test,))
+      self.assertTrue(test in SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS, '%s is missing' % (test,))
     for test in ACTIVE_TESTS:
-      self.assert_(test in SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS, '%s is missing' % (test,))
+      self.assertTrue(test in SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS, '%s is missing' % (test,))
     for test in FILTERED_TESTS:
-      self.assert_(test in SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS, '%s is missing' % (test,))
+      self.assertTrue(
+          test in SHUFFLED_FILTERED_TESTS, '%s is missing' % (test,)
+      )
     for test in SHARDED_TESTS:
-      self.assert_(test in SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS, '%s is missing' % (test,))
+      self.assertTrue(test in SHUFFLED_SHARDED_TESTS, '%s is missing' % (test,))
 
   def testShuffleLeavesDeathTestsAtFront(self):
     non_death_test_found = False
     for test in SHUFFLED_ACTIVE_TESTS:
       if 'DeathTest.' in test:
-        self.assert_(not non_death_test_found,
-                     '%s appears after a non-death test' % (test,))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            not non_death_test_found,
+            '%s appears after a non-death test' % (test,),
+        )
       else:
         non_death_test_found = True
 
@@ -246,9 +283,11 @@
       [test_case, _] = test.split('.')
       if test_cases and test_cases[-1] != test_case:
         test_cases.append(test_case)
-        self.assertEqual(1, test_cases.count(test_case),
-                         'Test case %s is not grouped together in %s' %
-                         (test_case, tests))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            1,
+            test_cases.count(test_case),
+            'Test case %s is not grouped together in %s' % (test_case, tests),
+        )
 
   def testShuffleDoesNotInterleaveTestCases(self):
     self._VerifyTestCasesDoNotInterleave(SHUFFLED_ALL_TESTS)
@@ -262,56 +301,71 @@
     # iteration, and this test depends on the current implementation
     # picking successive numbers.  This dependency is not ideal, but
     # makes the test much easier to write.
+    # pylint: disable-next=unbalanced-tuple-unpacking
     [tests_in_iteration1, tests_in_iteration2, tests_in_iteration3] = (
         GetTestsForAllIterations(
-            {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1), RepeatFlag(3)]))
+            {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1), RepeatFlag(3)]
+        )
+    )
 
     # Make sure running the tests with random seed 1 gets the same
     # order as in iteration 1 above.
-    [tests_with_seed1] = GetTestsForAllIterations(
-        {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1)])
+    tests_with_seed1 = GetTestsForAllIterations(
+        {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1)]
+    )[0]
     self.assertEqual(tests_in_iteration1, tests_with_seed1)
 
     # Make sure running the tests with random seed 2 gets the same
     # order as in iteration 2 above.  Success means that Google Test
     # correctly restores the test order before re-shuffling at the
     # beginning of iteration 2.
-    [tests_with_seed2] = GetTestsForAllIterations(
-        {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(2)])
+    tests_with_seed2 = GetTestsForAllIterations(
+        {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(2)]
+    )[0]
     self.assertEqual(tests_in_iteration2, tests_with_seed2)
 
     # Make sure running the tests with random seed 3 gets the same
     # order as in iteration 3 above.  Success means that Google Test
     # correctly restores the test order before re-shuffling at the
     # beginning of iteration 3.
-    [tests_with_seed3] = GetTestsForAllIterations(
-        {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(3)])
+    tests_with_seed3 = GetTestsForAllIterations(
+        {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(3)]
+    )[0]
     self.assertEqual(tests_in_iteration3, tests_with_seed3)
 
   def testShuffleGeneratesNewOrderInEachIteration(self):
+    # pylint: disable-next=unbalanced-tuple-unpacking
     [tests_in_iteration1, tests_in_iteration2, tests_in_iteration3] = (
         GetTestsForAllIterations(
-            {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1), RepeatFlag(3)]))
+            {}, [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1), RepeatFlag(3)]
+        )
+    )
 
-    self.assert_(tests_in_iteration1 != tests_in_iteration2,
-                 tests_in_iteration1)
-    self.assert_(tests_in_iteration1 != tests_in_iteration3,
-                 tests_in_iteration1)
-    self.assert_(tests_in_iteration2 != tests_in_iteration3,
-                 tests_in_iteration2)
+    self.assertTrue(
+        tests_in_iteration1 != tests_in_iteration2, tests_in_iteration1
+    )
+    self.assertTrue(
+        tests_in_iteration1 != tests_in_iteration3, tests_in_iteration1
+    )
+    self.assertTrue(
+        tests_in_iteration2 != tests_in_iteration3, tests_in_iteration2
+    )
 
   def testShuffleShardedTestsPreservesPartition(self):
     # If we run M tests on N shards, the same M tests should be run in
     # total, regardless of the random seeds used by the shards.
-    [tests1] = GetTestsForAllIterations({TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: '3',
-                                         SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: '0'},
-                                        [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1)])
-    [tests2] = GetTestsForAllIterations({TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: '3',
-                                         SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: '1'},
-                                        [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(20)])
-    [tests3] = GetTestsForAllIterations({TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: '3',
-                                         SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: '2'},
-                                        [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(25)])
+    tests1 = GetTestsForAllIterations(
+        {TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: '3', SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: '0'},
+        [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(1)],
+    )[0]
+    tests2 = GetTestsForAllIterations(
+        {TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: '3', SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: '1'},
+        [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(20)],
+    )[0]
+    tests3 = GetTestsForAllIterations(
+        {TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: '3', SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: '2'},
+        [ShuffleFlag(), RandomSeedFlag(25)],
+    )[0]
     sorted_sharded_tests = tests1 + tests2 + tests3
     sorted_sharded_tests.sort()
     sorted_active_tests = []
@@ -319,5 +373,6 @@
     sorted_active_tests.sort()
     self.assertEqual(sorted_active_tests, sorted_sharded_tests)
 
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   gtest_test_utils.Main()
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-shuffle-test_.cc b/googletest/test/googletest-shuffle-test_.cc
index a14e22f..b570c48 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-shuffle-test_.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-shuffle-test_.cc
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@
 
 using ::testing::EmptyTestEventListener;
 using ::testing::InitGoogleTest;
-using ::testing::Message;
 using ::testing::Test;
 using ::testing::TestEventListeners;
 using ::testing::TestInfo;
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-throw-on-failure-test.py b/googletest/test/googletest-throw-on-failure-test.py
index 772bbc5..106b004 100755
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-throw-on-failure-test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-throw-on-failure-test.py
@@ -47,15 +47,22 @@
 # Path to the googletest-throw-on-failure-test_ program, compiled with
 # exceptions disabled.
 EXE_PATH = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(
-    'googletest-throw-on-failure-test_')
+    'googletest-throw-on-failure-test_'
+)
 
 
 # Utilities.
 
 
 def SetEnvVar(env_var, value):
-  """Sets an environment variable to a given value; unsets it when the
+  """Sets an environment variable.
+
+  Sets an environment variable to a given value; unsets it when the
   given value is None.
+
+  Args:
+    env_var: environment variable.
+    value: value to set.
   """
 
   env_var = env_var.upper()
@@ -78,14 +85,16 @@
   """Tests the throw-on-failure mode."""
 
   def RunAndVerify(self, env_var_value, flag_value, should_fail):
-    """Runs googletest-throw-on-failure-test_ and verifies that it does
+    """Runs googletest-throw-on-failure-test_ and verifies its behavior.
+
+    Runs googletest-throw-on-failure-test_ and verifies that it does
     (or does not) exit with a non-zero code.
 
     Args:
       env_var_value:    value of the GTEST_BREAK_ON_FAILURE environment
-                        variable; None if the variable should be unset.
-      flag_value:       value of the --gtest_break_on_failure flag;
-                        None if the flag should not be present.
+        variable; None if the variable should be unset.
+      flag_value:       value of the --gtest_break_on_failure flag; None if the
+        flag should not be present.
       should_fail:      True if and only if the program is expected to fail.
     """
 
@@ -116,11 +125,16 @@
 
     SetEnvVar(THROW_ON_FAILURE, None)
 
-    msg = ('when %s%s, an assertion failure in "%s" %s cause a non-zero '
-           'exit code.' %
-           (THROW_ON_FAILURE, env_var_value_msg, ' '.join(command),
-            should_or_not))
-    self.assert_(failed == should_fail, msg)
+    msg = (
+        'when %s%s, an assertion failure in "%s" %s cause a non-zero exit code.'
+        % (
+            THROW_ON_FAILURE,
+            env_var_value_msg,
+            ' '.join(command),
+            should_or_not,
+        )
+    )
+    self.assertTrue(failed == should_fail, msg)
 
   def testDefaultBehavior(self):
     """Tests the behavior of the default mode."""
@@ -130,38 +144,22 @@
   def testThrowOnFailureEnvVar(self):
     """Tests using the GTEST_THROW_ON_FAILURE environment variable."""
 
-    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='0',
-                      flag_value=None,
-                      should_fail=False)
-    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1',
-                      flag_value=None,
-                      should_fail=True)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='0', flag_value=None, should_fail=False)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1', flag_value=None, should_fail=True)
 
   def testThrowOnFailureFlag(self):
     """Tests using the --gtest_throw_on_failure flag."""
 
-    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value=None,
-                      flag_value='0',
-                      should_fail=False)
-    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value=None,
-                      flag_value='1',
-                      should_fail=True)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value=None, flag_value='0', should_fail=False)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value=None, flag_value='1', should_fail=True)
 
   def testThrowOnFailureFlagOverridesEnvVar(self):
     """Tests that --gtest_throw_on_failure overrides GTEST_THROW_ON_FAILURE."""
 
-    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='0',
-                      flag_value='0',
-                      should_fail=False)
-    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='0',
-                      flag_value='1',
-                      should_fail=True)
-    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1',
-                      flag_value='0',
-                      should_fail=False)
-    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1',
-                      flag_value='1',
-                      should_fail=True)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='0', flag_value='0', should_fail=False)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='0', flag_value='1', should_fail=True)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1', flag_value='0', should_fail=False)
+    self.RunAndVerify(env_var_value='1', flag_value='1', should_fail=True)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-uninitialized-test.py b/googletest/test/googletest-uninitialized-test.py
index 73c9176..e5af7c8 100755
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-uninitialized-test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-uninitialized-test.py
@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@
 
 from googletest.test import gtest_test_utils
 
-COMMAND = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath('googletest-uninitialized-test_')
+COMMAND = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(
+    'googletest-uninitialized-test_'
+)
 
 
 def Assert(condition):
@@ -54,11 +56,12 @@
   # Verifies that 'command' exits with code 1.
   p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(command)
   if p.exited and p.exit_code == 0:
-    Assert('IMPORTANT NOTICE' in p.output);
+    Assert('IMPORTANT NOTICE' in p.output)
   Assert('InitGoogleTest' in p.output)
 
 
 class GTestUninitializedTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
+
   def testExitCodeAndOutput(self):
     TestExitCodeAndOutput(COMMAND)
 
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest-typed-test_test.cc b/googletest/test/gtest-typed-test_test.cc
index af23f86..0cc8b21 100644
--- a/googletest/test/gtest-typed-test_test.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest-typed-test_test.cc
@@ -30,14 +30,13 @@
 #include "test/gtest-typed-test_test.h"
 
 #include <set>
+#include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
-#if _MSC_VER
 GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4127 /* conditional expression is constant */)
-#endif  //  _MSC_VER
 
 using testing::Test;
 
@@ -420,3 +419,5 @@
 INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(My, TrimmedTest, TrimTypes);
 
 }  // namespace library2
+
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()  // 4127
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_dirs_test.cc b/googletest/test/gtest_dirs_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a5b63d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_dirs_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
+
+namespace {
+
+class SetEnv {
+ public:
+  // Sets the environment value with name `name` to `value`, unless `value` is
+  // nullptr, in which case it unsets it. Restores the original value on
+  // destruction.
+  SetEnv(const char* name, const char* value) : name_(name) {
+    const char* old_value = getenv(name);
+    if (old_value != nullptr) {
+      saved_value_ = old_value;
+      have_saved_value_ = true;
+    }
+    if (value == nullptr) {
+      GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(unsetenv(name));
+    } else {
+      GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(setenv(name, value, 1 /*overwrite*/));
+    }
+  }
+
+  ~SetEnv() {
+    if (have_saved_value_) {
+      GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(
+          setenv(name_.c_str(), saved_value_.c_str(), 1 /*overwrite*/));
+    } else {
+      GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(unsetenv(name_.c_str()));
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::string name_;
+  bool have_saved_value_ = false;
+  std::string saved_value_;
+};
+
+class MakeTempDir {
+ public:
+  // Creates a directory with a unique name including `testname`.
+  // The destructor removes it.
+  explicit MakeTempDir(const std::string& testname) {
+    // mkdtemp requires that the last 6 characters of the input pattern
+    // are Xs, and the string is modified by replacing those characters.
+    std::string pattern = "/tmp/" + testname + "_XXXXXX";
+    GTEST_CHECK_(mkdtemp(pattern.data()) != nullptr);
+    dirname_ = pattern;
+  }
+
+  ~MakeTempDir() { GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(rmdir(dirname_.c_str())); }
+
+  const char* DirName() const { return dirname_.c_str(); }
+
+ private:
+  std::string dirname_;
+};
+
+bool StartsWith(const std::string& str, const std::string& prefix) {
+  return str.substr(0, prefix.size()) == prefix;
+}
+
+TEST(TempDirTest, InEnvironment) {
+  // Since the test infrastructure might be verifying directory existence or
+  // even creating subdirectories, we need to be careful that the directories we
+  // specify are actually valid.
+  MakeTempDir temp_dir("TempDirTest_InEnvironment");
+  SetEnv set_env("TEST_TMPDIR", temp_dir.DirName());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(StartsWith(testing::TempDir(), temp_dir.DirName()));
+}
+
+TEST(TempDirTest, NotInEnvironment) {
+  SetEnv set_env("TEST_TMPDIR", nullptr);
+  EXPECT_NE(testing::TempDir(), "");
+}
+
+TEST(SrcDirTest, InEnvironment) {
+  // Since the test infrastructure might be verifying directory existence or
+  // even creating subdirectories, we need to be careful that the directories we
+  // specify are actually valid.
+  MakeTempDir temp_dir("SrcDirTest_InEnvironment");
+  SetEnv set_env("TEST_SRCDIR", temp_dir.DirName());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(StartsWith(testing::SrcDir(), temp_dir.DirName()));
+}
+
+TEST(SrcDirTest, NotInEnvironment) {
+  SetEnv set_env("TEST_SRCDIR", nullptr);
+  EXPECT_NE(testing::SrcDir(), "");
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_FILE_SYSTEM
+
+}  // namespace
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_help_test.py b/googletest/test/gtest_help_test.py
index 642ab86..9261b87 100755
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_help_test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_help_test.py
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 from googletest.test import gtest_test_utils
 
 
+IS_DARWIN = os.name == 'posix' and os.uname()[0] == 'Darwin'
 IS_LINUX = os.name == 'posix' and os.uname()[0] == 'Linux'
 IS_GNUHURD = os.name == 'posix' and os.uname()[0] == 'GNU'
 IS_GNUKFREEBSD = os.name == 'posix' and os.uname()[0] == 'GNU/kFreeBSD'
@@ -57,27 +58,43 @@
 LIST_TESTS_FLAG = FLAG_PREFIX + 'list_tests'
 INTERNAL_FLAG_FOR_TESTING = FLAG_PREFIX + 'internal_flag_for_testing'
 
-SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS = "DeathTest" in gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
-    [PROGRAM_PATH, LIST_TESTS_FLAG]).output
+SUPPORTS_DEATH_TESTS = (
+    'DeathTest'
+    in gtest_test_utils.Subprocess([PROGRAM_PATH, LIST_TESTS_FLAG]).output
+)
 
 HAS_ABSL_FLAGS = '--has_absl_flags' in sys.argv
 
 # The help message must match this regex.
 HELP_REGEX = re.compile(
-    FLAG_PREFIX + r'list_tests.*' +
-    FLAG_PREFIX + r'filter=.*' +
-    FLAG_PREFIX + r'also_run_disabled_tests.*' +
-    FLAG_PREFIX + r'repeat=.*' +
-    FLAG_PREFIX + r'shuffle.*' +
-    FLAG_PREFIX + r'random_seed=.*' +
-    FLAG_PREFIX + r'color=.*' +
-    FLAG_PREFIX + r'brief.*' +
-    FLAG_PREFIX + r'print_time.*' +
-    FLAG_PREFIX + r'output=.*' +
-    FLAG_PREFIX + r'break_on_failure.*' +
-    FLAG_PREFIX + r'throw_on_failure.*' +
-    FLAG_PREFIX + r'catch_exceptions=0.*',
-    re.DOTALL)
+    FLAG_PREFIX
+    + r'list_tests.*'
+    + FLAG_PREFIX
+    + r'filter=.*'
+    + FLAG_PREFIX
+    + r'also_run_disabled_tests.*'
+    + FLAG_PREFIX
+    + r'repeat=.*'
+    + FLAG_PREFIX
+    + r'shuffle.*'
+    + FLAG_PREFIX
+    + r'random_seed=.*'
+    + FLAG_PREFIX
+    + r'color=.*'
+    + FLAG_PREFIX
+    + r'brief.*'
+    + FLAG_PREFIX
+    + r'print_time.*'
+    + FLAG_PREFIX
+    + r'output=.*'
+    + FLAG_PREFIX
+    + r'break_on_failure.*'
+    + FLAG_PREFIX
+    + r'throw_on_failure.*'
+    + FLAG_PREFIX
+    + r'catch_exceptions=0.*',
+    re.DOTALL,
+)
 
 
 def RunWithFlag(flag):
@@ -120,7 +137,7 @@
 
     self.assertTrue(HELP_REGEX.search(output), output)
 
-    if IS_LINUX or IS_GNUHURD or IS_GNUKFREEBSD or IS_OPENBSD:
+    if IS_DARWIN or IS_LINUX or IS_GNUHURD or IS_GNUKFREEBSD or IS_OPENBSD:
       self.assertIn(STREAM_RESULT_TO_FLAG, output)
     else:
       self.assertNotIn(STREAM_RESULT_TO_FLAG, output)
@@ -171,14 +188,20 @@
       self.TestHelpFlag(UNKNOWN_GTEST_PREFIXED_FLAG)
 
   def testRunsTestsWithoutHelpFlag(self):
-    """Verifies that when no help flag is specified, the tests are run
-    and the help message is not printed."""
+    """Verifies correct behavior when no help flag is specified.
+
+    Verifies that when no help flag is specified, the tests are run
+    and the help message is not printed.
+    """
 
     self.TestNonHelpFlag(None)
 
   def testRunsTestsWithGtestInternalFlag(self):
-    """Verifies that the tests are run and no help message is printed when
-    a flag starting with Google Test prefix and 'internal_' is supplied."""
+    """Verifies correct behavior when internal testing flag is specified.
+
+    Verifies that the tests are run and no help message is printed when
+    a flag starting with Google Test prefix and 'internal_' is supplied.
+    """
 
     self.TestNonHelpFlag(INTERNAL_FLAG_FOR_TESTING)
 
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_help_test_.cc b/googletest/test/gtest_help_test_.cc
index da289f0..18b5f3c 100644
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_help_test_.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_help_test_.cc
@@ -39,6 +39,6 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(false) << "Tests shouldn't be run when --help is specified.";
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 TEST(DeathTest, UsedByPythonScriptToDetectSupportForDeathTestsInThisBinary) {}
 #endif
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_json_test_utils.py b/googletest/test/gtest_json_test_utils.py
index f62896c..86a5925 100644
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_json_test_utils.py
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_json_test_utils.py
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
      Normalized output without any references to transient information that may
      change from run to run.
   """
+
   def _normalize(key, value):
     if key == 'time':
       return re.sub(r'^\d+(\.\d+)?s$', '*', value)
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@
       return re.sub(r'^.*[/\\](.*)', '\\1', value)
     else:
       return normalize(value)
+
   if isinstance(obj, dict):
     return {k: _normalize(k, v) for k, v in obj.items()}
   if isinstance(obj, list):
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_list_output_unittest.py b/googletest/test/gtest_list_output_unittest.py
index faacf10..afd521d 100644
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_list_output_unittest.py
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_list_output_unittest.py
@@ -224,8 +224,7 @@
 
 
 class GTestListTestsOutputUnitTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
-  """Unit test for Google Test's list tests with output to file functionality.
-  """
+  """Unit test for Google Test's list tests with output to file functionality."""
 
   def testXml(self):
     """Verifies XML output for listing tests in a Google Test binary.
@@ -244,19 +243,22 @@
     self._TestOutput('json', EXPECTED_JSON)
 
   def _GetOutput(self, out_format):
-    file_path = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
-                             'test_out.' + out_format)
+    file_path = os.path.join(
+        gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(), 'test_out.' + out_format
+    )
     gtest_prog_path = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(
-        'gtest_list_output_unittest_')
+        'gtest_list_output_unittest_'
+    )
 
-    command = ([
+    command = [
         gtest_prog_path,
         '%s=%s:%s' % (GTEST_OUTPUT_FLAG, out_format, file_path),
-        '--gtest_list_tests'
-    ])
+        '--gtest_list_tests',
+    ]
     environ_copy = os.environ.copy()
     p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
-        command, env=environ_copy, working_dir=gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir())
+        command, env=environ_copy, working_dir=gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir()
+    )
 
     self.assertTrue(p.exited)
     self.assertEqual(0, p.exit_code)
@@ -275,9 +277,10 @@
       expected_line_re = re.compile(expected_line.strip())
       self.assertTrue(
           expected_line_re.match(actual_line.strip()),
-          ('actual output of "%s",\n'
-           'which does not match expected regex of "%s"\n'
-           'on line %d' % (actual, expected_output, line_count)))
+          'actual output of "%s",\n'
+          'which does not match expected regex of "%s"\n'
+          'on line %d' % (actual, expected_output, line_count),
+      )
       line_count = line_count + 1
 
 
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_pred_impl_unittest.cc b/googletest/test/gtest_pred_impl_unittest.cc
index 3d43665..033e2d9 100644
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_pred_impl_unittest.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_pred_impl_unittest.cc
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 // stand-alone regression test.
 
 #include <iostream>
+#include <ostream>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_skip_check_output_test.py b/googletest/test/gtest_skip_check_output_test.py
index 1c87b44..b30a165 100755
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_skip_check_output_test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_skip_check_output_test.py
@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@
     skip_fixture = 'Skipped\nskipping all tests for this fixture\n'
     self.assertIsNotNone(
         re.search(skip_fixture + '.*' + skip_fixture, OUTPUT, flags=re.DOTALL),
-        repr(OUTPUT))
+        repr(OUTPUT),
+    )
     self.assertNotIn('FAILED', OUTPUT)
 
 
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_skip_environment_check_output_test.py b/googletest/test/gtest_skip_environment_check_output_test.py
index 6960b11..388a4e9 100755
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_skip_environment_check_output_test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_skip_environment_check_output_test.py
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@
 
 # Path to the gtest_skip_in_environment_setup_test binary
 EXE_PATH = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(
-    'gtest_skip_in_environment_setup_test')
+    'gtest_skip_in_environment_setup_test'
+)
 
 OUTPUT = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess([EXE_PATH]).output
 
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_stress_test.cc b/googletest/test/gtest_stress_test.cc
index 24b173f..0cf2185 100644
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_stress_test.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_stress_test.cc
@@ -30,12 +30,13 @@
 // Tests that SCOPED_TRACE() and various Google Test assertions can be
 // used in a large number of threads concurrently.
 
+#include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 namespace testing {
 namespace {
@@ -118,8 +119,8 @@
     std::unique_ptr<ThreadWithParam<int> > threads[kThreadCount];
     Notification threads_can_start;
     for (int i = 0; i != kThreadCount; i++)
-      threads[i].reset(
-          new ThreadWithParam<int>(&ManyAsserts, i, &threads_can_start));
+      threads[i] = std::make_unique<ThreadWithParam<int>>(&ManyAsserts, i,
+                                                          &threads_can_start);
 
     threads_can_start.Notify();
 
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_test_utils.py b/googletest/test/gtest_test_utils.py
index eecc533..964fa9f 100755
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_test_utils.py
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_test_utils.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 
 """Unit test utilities for Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework."""
 # Suppresses the 'Import not at the top of the file' lint complaint.
-# pylint: disable-msg=C6204
+# pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
 
 import os
 import subprocess
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 import shutil
 import tempfile
 import unittest as _test_module
-# pylint: enable-msg=C6204
+# pylint: enable=g-import-not-at-top
 
 GTEST_OUTPUT_VAR_NAME = 'GTEST_OUTPUT'
 
@@ -63,23 +63,22 @@
 
 
 # Here we expose a class from a particular module, depending on the
-# environment. The comment suppresses the 'Invalid variable name' lint
-# complaint.
-TestCase = _test_module.TestCase  # pylint: disable=C6409
+# environment.
+TestCase = _test_module.TestCase
 
 # Initially maps a flag to its default value. After
 # _ParseAndStripGTestFlags() is called, maps a flag to its actual value.
-_flag_map = {'source_dir': os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]),
-             'build_dir': os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0])}
+_flag_map = {
+    'source_dir': os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]),
+    'build_dir': os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]),
+}
 _gtest_flags_are_parsed = False
 
 
 def _ParseAndStripGTestFlags(argv):
   """Parses and strips Google Test flags from argv.  This is idempotent."""
 
-  # Suppresses the lint complaint about a global variable since we need it
-  # here to maintain module-wide state.
-  global _gtest_flags_are_parsed  # pylint: disable=W0603
+  global _gtest_flags_are_parsed
   if _gtest_flags_are_parsed:
     return
 
@@ -94,7 +93,7 @@
     while i < len(argv):
       prefix = '--' + flag + '='
       if argv[i].startswith(prefix):
-        _flag_map[flag] = argv[i][len(prefix):]
+        _flag_map[flag] = argv[i][len(prefix) :]
         del argv[i]
         break
       else:
@@ -150,15 +149,16 @@
 
   Args:
     executable_name: name of the test binary that the test script runs.
-    build_dir:       directory where to look for executables, by default
-                     the result of GetBuildDir().
+    build_dir:       directory where to look for executables, by default the
+      result of GetBuildDir().
 
   Returns:
     The absolute path of the test binary.
   """
 
-  path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(build_dir or GetBuildDir(),
-                                      executable_name))
+  path = os.path.abspath(
+      os.path.join(build_dir or GetBuildDir(), executable_name)
+  )
   if (IS_WINDOWS or IS_CYGWIN or IS_OS2) and not path.endswith('.exe'):
     path += '.exe'
 
@@ -166,7 +166,8 @@
     message = (
         'Unable to find the test binary "%s". Please make sure to provide\n'
         'a path to the binary via the --build_dir flag or the BUILD_DIR\n'
-        'environment variable.' % path)
+        'environment variable.' % path
+    )
     print(message, file=sys.stderr)
     sys.exit(1)
 
@@ -194,6 +195,7 @@
 
 
 class Subprocess:
+
   def __init__(self, command, working_dir=None, capture_stderr=True, env=None):
     """Changes into a specified directory, if provided, and executes a command.
 
@@ -203,7 +205,7 @@
       command:        The command to run, in the form of sys.argv.
       working_dir:    The directory to change into.
       capture_stderr: Determines whether to capture stderr in the output member
-                      or to discard it.
+        or to discard it.
       env:            Dictionary with environment to pass to the subprocess.
 
     Returns:
@@ -223,9 +225,14 @@
     else:
       stderr = subprocess.PIPE
 
-    p = subprocess.Popen(command,
-                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=stderr,
-                         cwd=working_dir, universal_newlines=True, env=env)
+    p = subprocess.Popen(
+        command,
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        stderr=stderr,
+        cwd=working_dir,
+        universal_newlines=True,
+        env=env,
+    )
     # communicate returns a tuple with the file object for the child's
     # output.
     self.output = p.communicate()[0]
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_testbridge_test.py b/googletest/test/gtest_testbridge_test.py
index 1c2a303..0d58758 100755
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_testbridge_test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_testbridge_test.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
     subprocess_env[TESTBRIDGE_NAME] = '*.TestThatSucceeds'
     p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(COMMAND, env=subprocess_env)
 
-    self.assertEquals(0, p.exit_code)
+    self.assertEqual(0, p.exit_code)
 
     Assert('filter = *.TestThatSucceeds' in p.output)
     Assert('[       OK ] TestFilterTest.TestThatSucceeds' in p.output)
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_unittest.cc b/googletest/test/gtest_unittest.cc
index 329ca54..bd4fc60 100644
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_unittest.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_unittest.cc
@@ -60,7 +60,9 @@
 
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <map>
+#include <memory>
 #include <ostream>
+#include <set>
 #include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <unordered_set>
@@ -209,7 +211,6 @@
 using testing::TestPartResultArray;
 using testing::TestProperty;
 using testing::TestResult;
-using testing::TestSuite;
 using testing::TimeInMillis;
 using testing::UnitTest;
 using testing::internal::AlwaysFalse;
@@ -225,7 +226,6 @@
 using testing::internal::ForEach;
 using testing::internal::FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601;
 using testing::internal::FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds;
-using testing::internal::GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop;
 using testing::internal::GetElementOr;
 using testing::internal::GetNextRandomSeed;
 using testing::internal::GetRandomSeedFromFlag;
@@ -242,8 +242,6 @@
 using testing::internal::kMaxRandomSeed;
 using testing::internal::kTestTypeIdInGoogleTest;
 using testing::internal::NativeArray;
-using testing::internal::OsStackTraceGetter;
-using testing::internal::OsStackTraceGetterInterface;
 using testing::internal::ParseFlag;
 using testing::internal::RelationToSourceCopy;
 using testing::internal::RelationToSourceReference;
@@ -257,7 +255,6 @@
 using testing::internal::String;
 using testing::internal::TestEventListenersAccessor;
 using testing::internal::TestResultAccessor;
-using testing::internal::UnitTestImpl;
 using testing::internal::WideStringToUtf8;
 using testing::internal::edit_distance::CalculateOptimalEdits;
 using testing::internal::edit_distance::CreateUnifiedDiff;
@@ -268,7 +265,7 @@
 using testing::internal::GetCapturedStdout;
 #endif
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 using testing::internal::ThreadWithParam;
 #endif
 
@@ -381,7 +378,7 @@
 // Tests FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds().
 
 TEST(FormatTimeInMillisAsSecondsTest, FormatsZero) {
-  EXPECT_EQ("0", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0.", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(0));
 }
 
 TEST(FormatTimeInMillisAsSecondsTest, FormatsPositiveNumber) {
@@ -389,7 +386,11 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("0.01", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(10));
   EXPECT_EQ("0.2", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(200));
   EXPECT_EQ("1.2", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(1200));
-  EXPECT_EQ("3", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(3000));
+  EXPECT_EQ("3.", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(3000));
+  EXPECT_EQ("10.", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(10000));
+  EXPECT_EQ("100.", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(100000));
+  EXPECT_EQ("123.456", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(123456));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1234567.89", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(1234567890));
 }
 
 TEST(FormatTimeInMillisAsSecondsTest, FormatsNegativeNumber) {
@@ -397,7 +398,11 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("-0.01", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-10));
   EXPECT_EQ("-0.2", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-200));
   EXPECT_EQ("-1.2", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-1200));
-  EXPECT_EQ("-3", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-3000));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-3.", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-3000));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-10.", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-10000));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-100.", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-100000));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-123.456", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-123456));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-1234567.89", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-1234567890));
 }
 
 // Tests FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601().  The correctness of conversion
@@ -415,10 +420,12 @@
 
  private:
   void SetUp() override {
-    saved_tz_ = nullptr;
+    saved_tz_.reset();
 
-    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_PUSH_(/* getenv, strdup: deprecated */)
-    if (getenv("TZ")) saved_tz_ = strdup(getenv("TZ"));
+    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_PUSH_(/* getenv: deprecated */)
+    if (const char* tz = getenv("TZ")) {
+      saved_tz_ = std::make_unique<std::string>(tz);
+    }
     GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_POP_()
 
     // Set up the time zone for FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601 to use.  We
@@ -428,16 +435,15 @@
   }
 
   void TearDown() override {
-    SetTimeZone(saved_tz_);
-    free(const_cast<char*>(saved_tz_));
-    saved_tz_ = nullptr;
+    SetTimeZone(saved_tz_ != nullptr ? saved_tz_->c_str() : nullptr);
+    saved_tz_.reset();
   }
 
   static void SetTimeZone(const char* time_zone) {
     // tzset() distinguishes between the TZ variable being present and empty
     // and not being present, so we have to consider the case of time_zone
     // being NULL.
-#if _MSC_VER || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW)
     // ...Unless it's MSVC, whose standard library's _putenv doesn't
     // distinguish between an empty and a missing variable.
     const std::string env_var =
@@ -447,7 +453,7 @@
     tzset();
     GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 #else
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && __ANDROID_API__ < 21
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID) && __ANDROID_API__ < 21
     // Work around KitKat bug in tzset by setting "UTC" before setting "UTC+00".
     // See https://github.com/android/ndk/issues/1604.
     setenv("TZ", "UTC", 1);
@@ -462,7 +468,7 @@
 #endif
   }
 
-  const char* saved_tz_;
+  std::unique_ptr<std::string> saved_tz_;  // Empty and null are different here
 };
 
 const TimeInMillis FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test::kMillisPerSec;
@@ -1079,7 +1085,7 @@
   EXPECT_TRUE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(L"FOOBAR", L"foobar"));
 }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // Tests String::ShowWideCString().
 TEST(StringTest, ShowWideCString) {
@@ -1088,7 +1094,7 @@
   EXPECT_STREQ("foo", String::ShowWideCString(L"foo").c_str());
 }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 TEST(StringTest, AnsiAndUtf16Null) {
   EXPECT_EQ(NULL, String::AnsiToUtf16(NULL));
   EXPECT_EQ(NULL, String::Utf16ToAnsi(NULL));
@@ -1178,7 +1184,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(1, results.size());
 }
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 class ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterWithThreadsTest
     : public ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest {
@@ -1336,7 +1342,7 @@
       "");
 }
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 typedef ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterWithThreadsTest
     ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest;
@@ -1665,7 +1671,7 @@
 // value.  If the value argument is "", unsets the environment
 // variable.  The caller must ensure that both arguments are not NULL.
 static void SetEnv(const char* name, const char* value) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
   // Environment variables are not supported on Windows CE.
   return;
 #elif defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__SunOS_5_8) || defined(__SunOS_5_9)
@@ -1688,7 +1694,7 @@
   // We cast away the 'const' since that would work for both variants.
   putenv(const_cast<char*>(added_env[name]->c_str()));
   delete prev_env;
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  // If we are on Windows proper.
+#elif defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)  // If we are on Windows proper.
   _putenv((Message() << name << "=" << value).GetString().c_str());
 #else
   if (*value == '\0') {
@@ -1699,7 +1705,7 @@
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 }
 
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifndef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Environment variables are not supported on Windows CE.
 
 using testing::internal::Int32FromGTestEnv;
@@ -1808,7 +1814,7 @@
 // Tests that Int32FromEnvOrDie() parses the value of the var or
 // returns the correct default.
 // Environment variables are not supported on Windows CE.
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifndef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 TEST(Int32FromEnvOrDieTest, ParsesAndReturnsValidValue) {
   EXPECT_EQ(333, Int32FromEnvOrDie(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "UnsetVar", 333));
   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "UnsetVar", "123");
@@ -1881,7 +1887,7 @@
 // Tests that sharding is enabled if total_shards > 1 and
 // we are not in a death test subprocess.
 // Environment variables are not supported on Windows CE.
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#ifndef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 TEST_F(ShouldShardTest, WorksWhenShardEnvVarsAreValid) {
   SetEnv(index_var_, "4");
   SetEnv(total_var_, "22");
@@ -3915,7 +3921,7 @@
 enum {
   kCaseA = -1,
 
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
   // We want to test the case where the size of the anonymous enum is
   // larger than sizeof(int), to make sure our implementation of the
@@ -3938,7 +3944,7 @@
 };
 
 TEST(AssertionTest, AnonymousEnum) {
-#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(kCaseA), static_cast<int>(kCaseB));
 
@@ -3972,7 +3978,7 @@
 
 #endif  // !GTEST_OS_MAC && !defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 static HRESULT UnexpectedHRESULTFailure() { return E_UNEXPECTED; }
 
@@ -4332,7 +4338,7 @@
       "(null)(null)");
 }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // Tests using wide strings in assertion messages.
 TEST(AssertionWithMessageTest, WideStringMessage) {
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
@@ -6167,12 +6173,12 @@
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_filter", nullptr};
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL && GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#if defined(GTEST_HAS_ABSL) && defined(GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST)
   // Invalid flag arguments are a fatal error when using the Abseil Flags.
   EXPECT_EXIT(GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Filter(""), true),
               testing::ExitedWithCode(1),
               "ERROR: Missing the value for the flag 'gtest_filter'");
-#elif !GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#elif !defined(GTEST_HAS_ABSL)
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Filter(""), true);
 #else
   static_cast<void>(argv);
@@ -6186,12 +6192,12 @@
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_output", nullptr};
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL && GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#if defined(GTEST_HAS_ABSL) && defined(GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST)
   // Invalid flag arguments are a fatal error when using the Abseil Flags.
   EXPECT_EXIT(GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags(), true),
               testing::ExitedWithCode(1),
               "ERROR: Missing the value for the flag 'gtest_output'");
-#elif !GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#elif !defined(GTEST_HAS_ABSL)
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags(), true);
 #else
   static_cast<void>(argv);
@@ -6199,7 +6205,7 @@
 #endif
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, AbseilPositionalFlags) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_throw_on_failure=1", "--",
                         "--other_flag", nullptr};
@@ -6213,7 +6219,7 @@
 }
 #endif
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // Tests parsing wide strings.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, WideStrings) {
   const wchar_t* argv[] = {L"foo.exe",
@@ -6603,7 +6609,7 @@
 TEST(ColoredOutputTest, UsesColorsWhenTermSupportsColors) {
   GTEST_FLAG_SET(color, "auto");
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
+#if defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS) && !defined(GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW)
   // On Windows, we ignore the TERM variable as it's usually not set.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "dumb");
@@ -6636,6 +6642,9 @@
   SetEnv("TERM", "xterm-color");      // TERM supports colors.
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
+  SetEnv("TERM", "xterm-kitty");      // TERM supports colors.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
+
   SetEnv("TERM", "xterm-256color");   // TERM supports colors.
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
@@ -6966,7 +6975,7 @@
 
 // Tests that events generated by Google Test are not forwarded in
 // death test subprocesses.
-TEST(EventListenerDeathTest, EventsNotForwardedInDeathTestSubprecesses) {
+TEST(EventListenerDeathTest, EventsNotForwardedInDeathTestSubprocesses) {
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
       {
         GTEST_CHECK_(TestEventListenersAccessor::EventForwardingEnabled(
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_xml_outfile2_test_.cc b/googletest/test/gtest_xml_outfile2_test_.cc
index f9a2a6e..ed58dc8 100644
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_xml_outfile2_test_.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_xml_outfile2_test_.cc
@@ -38,6 +38,38 @@
   void TearDown() override { RecordProperty("TearDownProp", 2); }
 };
 
-TEST_F(PropertyTwo, TestSomeProperties) {
-  RecordProperty("TestSomeProperty", 2);
+TEST_F(PropertyTwo, TestInt64ConvertibleProperties) {
+  float float_prop = 3.25;
+  RecordProperty("TestFloatProperty", float_prop);
+
+  double double_prop = 4.75;
+  RecordProperty("TestDoubleProperty", double_prop);
+
+  // Validate we can write an unsigned size_t as a property
+  size_t size_t_prop = 5;
+  RecordProperty("TestSizetProperty", size_t_prop);
+
+  bool bool_prop = true;
+  RecordProperty("TestBoolProperty", bool_prop);
+
+  char char_prop = 'A';
+  RecordProperty("TestCharProperty", char_prop);
+
+  int16_t int16_prop = 6;
+  RecordProperty("TestInt16Property", int16_prop);
+
+  int32_t int32_prop = 7;
+  RecordProperty("TestInt32Property", int32_prop);
+
+  int64_t int64_prop = 8;
+  RecordProperty("TestInt64Property", int64_prop);
+
+  enum Foo {
+    NINE = 9,
+  };
+  Foo enum_prop = NINE;
+  RecordProperty("TestEnumProperty", enum_prop);
+
+  std::atomic<int> atomic_int_prop(10);
+  RecordProperty("TestAtomicIntProperty", atomic_int_prop);
 }
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_xml_outfiles_test.py b/googletest/test/gtest_xml_outfiles_test.py
index c129e64..50291b0 100755
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_xml_outfiles_test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_xml_outfiles_test.py
@@ -57,10 +57,19 @@
 EXPECTED_XML_2 = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <testsuites tests="1" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*" timestamp="*" name="AllTests">
   <testsuite name="PropertyTwo" tests="1" failures="0" skipped="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*" timestamp="*">
-    <testcase name="TestSomeProperties" file="gtest_xml_outfile2_test_.cc" line="41" status="run" result="completed" time="*" timestamp="*" classname="PropertyTwo">
+    <testcase name="TestInt64ConvertibleProperties" file="gtest_xml_outfile2_test_.cc" line="41" status="run" result="completed" time="*" timestamp="*" classname="PropertyTwo">
       <properties>
         <property name="SetUpProp" value="2"/>
-        <property name="TestSomeProperty" value="2"/>
+        <property name="TestFloatProperty" value="3.25"/>
+        <property name="TestDoubleProperty" value="4.75"/>
+        <property name="TestSizetProperty" value="5"/>
+        <property name="TestBoolProperty" value="true"/>
+        <property name="TestCharProperty" value="A"/>
+        <property name="TestInt16Property" value="6"/>
+        <property name="TestInt32Property" value="7"/>
+        <property name="TestInt64Property" value="8"/>
+        <property name="TestEnumProperty" value="9"/>
+        <property name="TestAtomicIntProperty" value="10"/>
         <property name="TearDownProp" value="2"/>
       </properties>
     </testcase>
@@ -76,8 +85,9 @@
     # We want the trailing '/' that the last "" provides in os.path.join, for
     # telling Google Test to create an output directory instead of a single file
     # for xml output.
-    self.output_dir_ = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
-                                    GTEST_OUTPUT_SUBDIR, "")
+    self.output_dir_ = os.path.join(
+        gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(), GTEST_OUTPUT_SUBDIR, ""
+    )
     self.DeleteFilesAndDir()
 
   def tearDown(self):
@@ -106,17 +116,20 @@
   def _TestOutFile(self, test_name, expected_xml):
     gtest_prog_path = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(test_name)
     command = [gtest_prog_path, "--gtest_output=xml:%s" % self.output_dir_]
-    p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(command,
-                                    working_dir=gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir())
-    self.assert_(p.exited)
-    self.assertEquals(0, p.exit_code)
+    p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
+        command, working_dir=gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir()
+    )
+    self.assertTrue(p.exited)
+    self.assertEqual(0, p.exit_code)
 
     output_file_name1 = test_name + ".xml"
     output_file1 = os.path.join(self.output_dir_, output_file_name1)
-    output_file_name2 = 'lt-' + output_file_name1
+    output_file_name2 = "lt-" + output_file_name1
     output_file2 = os.path.join(self.output_dir_, output_file_name2)
-    self.assert_(os.path.isfile(output_file1) or os.path.isfile(output_file2),
-                 output_file1)
+    self.assertTrue(
+        os.path.isfile(output_file1) or os.path.isfile(output_file2),
+        output_file1,
+    )
 
     expected = minidom.parseString(expected_xml)
     if os.path.isfile(output_file1):
@@ -124,8 +137,7 @@
     else:
       actual = minidom.parse(output_file2)
     self.NormalizeXml(actual.documentElement)
-    self.AssertEquivalentNodes(expected.documentElement,
-                               actual.documentElement)
+    self.AssertEquivalentNodes(expected.documentElement, actual.documentElement)
     expected.unlink()
     actual.unlink()
 
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_xml_output_unittest.py b/googletest/test/gtest_xml_output_unittest.py
index e1b7f1f..e7e44fc 100755
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_xml_output_unittest.py
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_xml_output_unittest.py
@@ -59,8 +59,10 @@
 
 if SUPPORTS_STACK_TRACES:
   STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE = '\nStack trace:\n*'
+  STACK_TRACE_ENTITY_TEMPLATE = ''
 else:
-  STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE = ''
+  STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE = '\n'
+  STACK_TRACE_ENTITY_TEMPLATE = '&#x0A;'
   # unittest.main() can't handle unknown flags
   sys.argv.remove(NO_STACKTRACE_SUPPORT_FLAG)
 
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@
   </testsuite>
   <testsuite name="FailedTest" tests="1" failures="1" disabled="0" skipped="0" errors="0" time="*" timestamp="*">
     <testcase name="Fails" file="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc" line="59" status="run" result="completed" time="*" timestamp="*" classname="FailedTest">
-      <failure message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;Expected equality of these values:&#x0A;  1&#x0A;  2" type=""><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
+      <failure message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;Expected equality of these values:&#x0A;  1&#x0A;  2%(stack_entity)s" type=""><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
 Expected equality of these values:
   1
   2%(stack)s]]></failure>
@@ -80,11 +82,11 @@
   <testsuite name="MixedResultTest" tests="3" failures="1" disabled="1" skipped="0" errors="0" time="*" timestamp="*">
     <testcase name="Succeeds" file="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc" line="86" status="run" result="completed" time="*" timestamp="*" classname="MixedResultTest"/>
     <testcase name="Fails" file="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc" line="91" status="run" result="completed" time="*" timestamp="*" classname="MixedResultTest">
-      <failure message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;Expected equality of these values:&#x0A;  1&#x0A;  2" type=""><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
+      <failure message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;Expected equality of these values:&#x0A;  1&#x0A;  2%(stack_entity)s" type=""><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
 Expected equality of these values:
   1
   2%(stack)s]]></failure>
-      <failure message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;Expected equality of these values:&#x0A;  2&#x0A;  3" type=""><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
+      <failure message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;Expected equality of these values:&#x0A;  2&#x0A;  3%(stack_entity)s" type=""><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
 Expected equality of these values:
   2
   3%(stack)s]]></failure>
@@ -93,14 +95,14 @@
   </testsuite>
   <testsuite name="XmlQuotingTest" tests="1" failures="1" disabled="0" skipped="0" errors="0" time="*" timestamp="*">
     <testcase name="OutputsCData" file="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc" line="100" status="run" result="completed" time="*" timestamp="*" classname="XmlQuotingTest">
-      <failure message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;Failed&#x0A;XML output: &lt;?xml encoding=&quot;utf-8&quot;&gt;&lt;top&gt;&lt;![CDATA[cdata text]]&gt;&lt;/top&gt;" type=""><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
+      <failure message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;Failed&#x0A;XML output: &lt;?xml encoding=&quot;utf-8&quot;&gt;&lt;top&gt;&lt;![CDATA[cdata text]]&gt;&lt;/top&gt;%(stack_entity)s" type=""><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
 Failed
 XML output: <?xml encoding="utf-8"><top><![CDATA[cdata text]]>]]&gt;<![CDATA[</top>%(stack)s]]></failure>
     </testcase>
   </testsuite>
   <testsuite name="InvalidCharactersTest" tests="1" failures="1" disabled="0" skipped="0" errors="0" time="*" timestamp="*">
     <testcase name="InvalidCharactersInMessage" file="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc" line="107" status="run" result="completed" time="*" timestamp="*" classname="InvalidCharactersTest">
-      <failure message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;Failed&#x0A;Invalid characters in brackets []" type=""><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
+      <failure message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;Failed&#x0A;Invalid characters in brackets []%(stack_entity)s" type=""><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
 Failed
 Invalid characters in brackets []%(stack)s]]></failure>
     </testcase>
@@ -110,19 +112,19 @@
   </testsuite>
   <testsuite name="SkippedTest" tests="3" failures="1" disabled="0" skipped="2" errors="0" time="*" timestamp="*">
     <testcase name="Skipped" status="run" file="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc" line="73" result="skipped" time="*" timestamp="*" classname="SkippedTest">
-      <skipped message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;"><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
+      <skipped message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;%(stack_entity)s"><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
 %(stack)s]]></skipped>
     </testcase>
     <testcase name="SkippedWithMessage" file="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc" line="77" status="run" result="skipped" time="*" timestamp="*" classname="SkippedTest">
-      <skipped message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;It is good practice to tell why you skip a test."><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
+      <skipped message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;It is good practice to tell why you skip a test.%(stack_entity)s"><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
 It is good practice to tell why you skip a test.%(stack)s]]></skipped>
     </testcase>
     <testcase name="SkippedAfterFailure" file="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc" line="81" status="run" result="completed" time="*" timestamp="*" classname="SkippedTest">
-      <failure message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;Expected equality of these values:&#x0A;  1&#x0A;  2" type=""><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
+      <failure message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;Expected equality of these values:&#x0A;  1&#x0A;  2%(stack_entity)s" type=""><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
 Expected equality of these values:
   1
   2%(stack)s]]></failure>
-      <skipped message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;It is good practice to tell why you skip a test."><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
+      <skipped message="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*&#x0A;It is good practice to tell why you skip a test.%(stack_entity)s"><![CDATA[gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc:*
 It is good practice to tell why you skip a test.%(stack)s]]></skipped>
     </testcase>
 
@@ -187,7 +189,8 @@
     <testcase name="HasTypeParamAttribute" file="gtest_xml_output_unittest_.cc" line="178" type_param="*" status="run" result="completed" time="*" timestamp="*" classname="Single/TypeParameterizedTestSuite/1" />
   </testsuite>
 </testsuites>""" % {
-    'stack': STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE
+    'stack': STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE,
+    'stack_entity': STACK_TRACE_ENTITY_TEMPLATE,
 }
 
 EXPECTED_FILTERED_TEST_XML = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
@@ -221,32 +224,37 @@
             timestamp="*" name="AllTests">
   <testsuite name="NonTestSuiteFailure" tests="1" failures="1" disabled="0" skipped="0" errors="0" time="*" timestamp="*">
     <testcase name="" status="run" result="completed" time="*" timestamp="*" classname="">
-      <failure message="gtest_no_test_unittest.cc:*&#x0A;Expected equality of these values:&#x0A;  1&#x0A;  2" type=""><![CDATA[gtest_no_test_unittest.cc:*
+      <failure message="gtest_no_test_unittest.cc:*&#x0A;Expected equality of these values:&#x0A;  1&#x0A;  2%(stack_entity)s" type=""><![CDATA[gtest_no_test_unittest.cc:*
 Expected equality of these values:
   1
   2%(stack)s]]></failure>
     </testcase>
   </testsuite>
 </testsuites>""" % {
-    'stack': STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE
+    'stack': STACK_TRACE_TEMPLATE,
+    'stack_entity': STACK_TRACE_ENTITY_TEMPLATE,
 }
 
 GTEST_PROGRAM_PATH = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME)
 
-SUPPORTS_TYPED_TESTS = 'TypedTest' in gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
-    [GTEST_PROGRAM_PATH, GTEST_LIST_TESTS_FLAG], capture_stderr=False).output
+SUPPORTS_TYPED_TESTS = (
+    'TypedTest'
+    in gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
+        [GTEST_PROGRAM_PATH, GTEST_LIST_TESTS_FLAG], capture_stderr=False
+    ).output
+)
 
 
 class GTestXMLOutputUnitTest(gtest_xml_test_utils.GTestXMLTestCase):
-  """
-  Unit test for Google Test's XML output functionality.
-  """
+  """Unit test for Google Test's XML output functionality."""
 
   # This test currently breaks on platforms that do not support typed and
   # type-parameterized tests, so we don't run it under them.
   if SUPPORTS_TYPED_TESTS:
+
     def testNonEmptyXmlOutput(self):
-      """
+      """Generates non-empty XML and verifies it matches the expected output.
+
       Runs a test program that generates a non-empty XML output, and
       tests that the XML output is expected.
       """
@@ -273,28 +281,34 @@
     # parse the expected datetime manually.
     match = re.match(r'(\d+)-(\d\d)-(\d\d)T(\d\d):(\d\d):(\d\d)', date_time_str)
     self.assertTrue(
-        re.match,
-        'XML datettime string %s has incorrect format' % date_time_str)
+        re.match, 'XML datettime string %s has incorrect format' % date_time_str
+    )
     date_time_from_xml = datetime.datetime(
-        year=int(match.group(1)), month=int(match.group(2)),
-        day=int(match.group(3)), hour=int(match.group(4)),
-        minute=int(match.group(5)), second=int(match.group(6)))
+        year=int(match.group(1)),
+        month=int(match.group(2)),
+        day=int(match.group(3)),
+        hour=int(match.group(4)),
+        minute=int(match.group(5)),
+        second=int(match.group(6)),
+    )
 
     time_delta = abs(datetime.datetime.now() - date_time_from_xml)
     # timestamp value should be near the current local time
-    self.assertTrue(time_delta < datetime.timedelta(seconds=600),
-                    'time_delta is %s' % time_delta)
+    self.assertLess(time_delta, datetime.timedelta(seconds=600))
     actual.unlink()
 
   def testDefaultOutputFile(self):
-    """
+    """Tests XML file with default name is created when name is not specified.
+
     Confirms that Google Test produces an XML output file with the expected
     default name if no name is explicitly specified.
     """
-    output_file = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
-                               GTEST_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE)
+    output_file = os.path.join(
+        gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(), GTEST_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE
+    )
     gtest_prog_path = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(
-        'gtest_no_test_unittest')
+        'gtest_no_test_unittest'
+    )
     try:
       os.remove(output_file)
     except OSError:
@@ -304,39 +318,47 @@
 
     p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(
         [gtest_prog_path, '%s=xml' % GTEST_OUTPUT_FLAG],
-        working_dir=gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir())
-    self.assert_(p.exited)
-    self.assertEquals(0, p.exit_code)
-    self.assert_(os.path.isfile(output_file))
+        working_dir=gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
+    )
+    self.assertTrue(p.exited)
+    self.assertEqual(0, p.exit_code)
+    self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(output_file))
 
   def testSuppressedXmlOutput(self):
-    """
+    """Verifies XML output is suppressed if default listener is shut down.
+
     Tests that no XML file is generated if the default XML listener is
     shut down before RUN_ALL_TESTS is invoked.
     """
 
-    xml_path = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
-                            GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME + 'out.xml')
+    xml_path = os.path.join(
+        gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(), GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME + 'out.xml'
+    )
     if os.path.isfile(xml_path):
       os.remove(xml_path)
 
-    command = [GTEST_PROGRAM_PATH,
-               '%s=xml:%s' % (GTEST_OUTPUT_FLAG, xml_path),
-               '--shut_down_xml']
+    command = [
+        GTEST_PROGRAM_PATH,
+        '%s=xml:%s' % (GTEST_OUTPUT_FLAG, xml_path),
+        '--shut_down_xml',
+    ]
     p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(command)
     if p.terminated_by_signal:
       # p.signal is available only if p.terminated_by_signal is True.
       self.assertFalse(
           p.terminated_by_signal,
-          '%s was killed by signal %d' % (GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME, p.signal))
+          '%s was killed by signal %d' % (GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME, p.signal),
+      )
     else:
-      self.assert_(p.exited)
-      self.assertEquals(1, p.exit_code,
-                        "'%s' exited with code %s, which doesn't match "
-                        'the expected exit code %s.'
-                        % (command, p.exit_code, 1))
+      self.assertTrue(p.exited)
+      self.assertEqual(
+          1,
+          p.exit_code,
+          "'%s' exited with code %s, which doesn't match "
+          'the expected exit code %s.' % (command, p.exit_code, 1),
+      )
 
-    self.assert_(not os.path.isfile(xml_path))
+    self.assertFalse(os.path.isfile(xml_path))
 
   def testFilteredTestXmlOutput(self):
     """Verifies XML output when a filter is applied.
@@ -345,8 +367,12 @@
     non-selected tests do not show up in the XML output.
     """
 
-    self._TestXmlOutput(GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME, EXPECTED_FILTERED_TEST_XML, 0,
-                        extra_args=['%s=SuccessfulTest.*' % GTEST_FILTER_FLAG])
+    self._TestXmlOutput(
+        GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME,
+        EXPECTED_FILTERED_TEST_XML,
+        0,
+        extra_args=['%s=SuccessfulTest.*' % GTEST_FILTER_FLAG],
+    )
 
   def testShardedTestXmlOutput(self):
     """Verifies XML output when run using multiple shards.
@@ -359,53 +385,81 @@
         GTEST_PROGRAM_NAME,
         EXPECTED_SHARDED_TEST_XML,
         0,
-        extra_env={SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: '0',
-                   TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: '10'})
+        extra_env={SHARD_INDEX_ENV_VAR: '0', TOTAL_SHARDS_ENV_VAR: '10'},
+    )
 
-  def _GetXmlOutput(self, gtest_prog_name, extra_args, extra_env,
-                    expected_exit_code):
-    """
-    Returns the xml output generated by running the program gtest_prog_name.
+  def _GetXmlOutput(
+      self, gtest_prog_name, extra_args, extra_env, expected_exit_code
+  ):
+    """Returns the XML output generated by running the program gtest_prog_name.
+
     Furthermore, the program's exit code must be expected_exit_code.
+
+    Args:
+      gtest_prog_name: Program to run.
+      extra_args: Optional arguments to pass to program.
+      extra_env: Optional environment variables to set.
+      expected_exit_code: Expected exit code from running gtest_prog_name.
     """
-    xml_path = os.path.join(gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(),
-                            gtest_prog_name + 'out.xml')
+    xml_path = os.path.join(
+        gtest_test_utils.GetTempDir(), gtest_prog_name + 'out.xml'
+    )
     gtest_prog_path = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath(gtest_prog_name)
 
-    command = ([gtest_prog_path, '%s=xml:%s' % (GTEST_OUTPUT_FLAG, xml_path)] +
-               extra_args)
+    command = [
+        gtest_prog_path,
+        '%s=xml:%s' % (GTEST_OUTPUT_FLAG, xml_path),
+    ] + extra_args
     environ_copy = os.environ.copy()
     if extra_env:
       environ_copy.update(extra_env)
     p = gtest_test_utils.Subprocess(command, env=environ_copy)
 
     if p.terminated_by_signal:
-      self.assert_(False,
-                   '%s was killed by signal %d' % (gtest_prog_name, p.signal))
+      self.assertTrue(
+          False, '%s was killed by signal %d' % (gtest_prog_name, p.signal)
+      )
     else:
-      self.assert_(p.exited)
-      self.assertEquals(expected_exit_code, p.exit_code,
-                        "'%s' exited with code %s, which doesn't match "
-                        'the expected exit code %s.'
-                        % (command, p.exit_code, expected_exit_code))
+      self.assertTrue(p.exited)
+      self.assertEqual(
+          expected_exit_code,
+          p.exit_code,
+          "'%s' exited with code %s, which doesn't match "
+          'the expected exit code %s.'
+          % (command, p.exit_code, expected_exit_code),
+      )
     actual = minidom.parse(xml_path)
     return actual
 
-  def _TestXmlOutput(self, gtest_prog_name, expected_xml,
-                     expected_exit_code, extra_args=None, extra_env=None):
-    """
+  def _TestXmlOutput(
+      self,
+      gtest_prog_name,
+      expected_xml,
+      expected_exit_code,
+      extra_args=None,
+      extra_env=None,
+  ):
+    """Asserts that the XML document matches.
+
     Asserts that the XML document generated by running the program
     gtest_prog_name matches expected_xml, a string containing another
     XML document.  Furthermore, the program's exit code must be
     expected_exit_code.
+
+    Args:
+      gtest_prog_name: Program to run.
+      expected_xml: Path to XML document to match.
+      expected_exit_code: Expected exit code from running gtest_prog_name.
+      extra_args: Optional arguments to pass to program.
+      extra_env: Optional environment variables to set.
     """
 
-    actual = self._GetXmlOutput(gtest_prog_name, extra_args or [],
-                                extra_env or {}, expected_exit_code)
+    actual = self._GetXmlOutput(
+        gtest_prog_name, extra_args or [], extra_env or {}, expected_exit_code
+    )
     expected = minidom.parseString(expected_xml)
     self.NormalizeXml(actual.documentElement)
-    self.AssertEquivalentNodes(expected.documentElement,
-                               actual.documentElement)
+    self.AssertEquivalentNodes(expected.documentElement, actual.documentElement)
     expected.unlink()
     actual.unlink()
 
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_xml_test_utils.py b/googletest/test/gtest_xml_test_utils.py
index c6fb9f4..8fcb693 100755
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_xml_test_utils.py
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_xml_test_utils.py
@@ -35,14 +35,13 @@
 
 GTEST_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE = 'test_detail.xml'
 
-class GTestXMLTestCase(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
-  """
-  Base class for tests of Google Test's XML output functionality.
-  """
 
+class GTestXMLTestCase(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
+  """Base class for tests of Google Test's XML output functionality."""
 
   def AssertEquivalentNodes(self, expected_node, actual_node):
-    """
+    """Asserts that actual_node is equivalent to expected_node.
+
     Asserts that actual_node (a DOM node object) is equivalent to
     expected_node (another DOM node object), in that either both of
     them are CDATA nodes and have the same value, or both are DOM
@@ -58,46 +57,66 @@
        CDATA sections) as expected_node.  Note that we ignore the
        order of the children as they are not guaranteed to be in any
        particular order.
+
+    Args:
+      expected_node: expected DOM node object
+      actual_node: actual DOM node object
     """
 
     if expected_node.nodeType == Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE:
-      self.assertEquals(Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE, actual_node.nodeType)
-      self.assertEquals(expected_node.nodeValue, actual_node.nodeValue)
+      self.assertEqual(Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE, actual_node.nodeType)
+      self.assertEqual(expected_node.nodeValue, actual_node.nodeValue)
       return
 
-    self.assertEquals(Node.ELEMENT_NODE, actual_node.nodeType)
-    self.assertEquals(Node.ELEMENT_NODE, expected_node.nodeType)
-    self.assertEquals(expected_node.tagName, actual_node.tagName)
+    self.assertEqual(Node.ELEMENT_NODE, actual_node.nodeType)
+    self.assertEqual(Node.ELEMENT_NODE, expected_node.nodeType)
+    self.assertEqual(expected_node.tagName, actual_node.tagName)
 
     expected_attributes = expected_node.attributes
     actual_attributes = actual_node.attributes
-    self.assertEquals(
-        expected_attributes.length, actual_attributes.length,
-        'attribute numbers differ in element %s:\nExpected: %r\nActual: %r' % (
-            actual_node.tagName, expected_attributes.keys(),
-            actual_attributes.keys()))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        expected_attributes.length,
+        actual_attributes.length,
+        'attribute numbers differ in element %s:\nExpected: %r\nActual: %r'
+        % (
+            actual_node.tagName,
+            expected_attributes.keys(),
+            actual_attributes.keys(),
+        ),
+    )
     for i in range(expected_attributes.length):
       expected_attr = expected_attributes.item(i)
       actual_attr = actual_attributes.get(expected_attr.name)
-      self.assert_(
+      self.assertTrue(
           actual_attr is not None,
-          'expected attribute %s not found in element %s' %
-          (expected_attr.name, actual_node.tagName))
-      self.assertEquals(
-          expected_attr.value, actual_attr.value,
-          ' values of attribute %s in element %s differ: %s vs %s' %
-          (expected_attr.name, actual_node.tagName,
-           expected_attr.value, actual_attr.value))
+          'expected attribute %s not found in element %s'
+          % (expected_attr.name, actual_node.tagName),
+      )
+      self.assertEqual(
+          expected_attr.value,
+          actual_attr.value,
+          ' values of attribute %s in element %s differ: %s vs %s'
+          % (
+              expected_attr.name,
+              actual_node.tagName,
+              expected_attr.value,
+              actual_attr.value,
+          ),
+      )
 
     expected_children = self._GetChildren(expected_node)
     actual_children = self._GetChildren(actual_node)
-    self.assertEquals(
-        len(expected_children), len(actual_children),
-        'number of child elements differ in element ' + actual_node.tagName)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        len(expected_children),
+        len(actual_children),
+        'number of child elements differ in element ' + actual_node.tagName,
+    )
     for child_id, child in expected_children.items():
-      self.assert_(child_id in actual_children,
-                   '<%s> is not in <%s> (in element %s)' %
-                   (child_id, actual_children, actual_node.tagName))
+      self.assertTrue(
+          child_id in actual_children,
+          '<%s> is not in <%s> (in element %s)'
+          % (child_id, actual_children, actual_node.tagName),
+      )
       self.AssertEquivalentNodes(child, actual_children[child_id])
 
   identifying_attribute = {
@@ -110,40 +129,54 @@
   }
 
   def _GetChildren(self, element):
-    """
-    Fetches all of the child nodes of element, a DOM Element object.
-    Returns them as the values of a dictionary keyed by the IDs of the
-    children.  For <testsuites>, <testsuite>, <testcase>, and <property>
-    elements, the ID is the value of their "name" attribute; for <failure>
-    elements, it is the value of the "message" attribute; for <properties>
-    elements, it is the value of their parent's "name" attribute plus the
-    literal string "properties"; CDATA sections and non-whitespace
-    text nodes are concatenated into a single CDATA section with ID
-    "detail".  An exception is raised if any element other than the above
-    four is encountered, if two child elements with the same identifying
-    attributes are encountered, or if any other type of node is encountered.
+    """Fetches all of the child nodes of element, a DOM Element object.
+
+    Returns them as the values of a dictionary keyed by the IDs of the children.
+    For <testsuites>, <testsuite>, <testcase>, and <property> elements, the ID
+    is the value of their "name" attribute; for <failure> elements, it is the
+    value of the "message" attribute; for <properties> elements, it is the value
+    of their parent's "name" attribute plus the literal string "properties";
+    CDATA sections and non-whitespace text nodes are concatenated into a single
+    CDATA section with ID "detail".  An exception is raised if any element other
+    than the above four is encountered, if two child elements with the same
+    identifying attributes are encountered, or if any other type of node is
+    encountered.
+
+    Args:
+      element: DOM Element object
+
+    Returns:
+      Dictionary where keys are the IDs of the children.
     """
 
     children = {}
     for child in element.childNodes:
       if child.nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE:
         if child.tagName == 'properties':
-          self.assert_(child.parentNode is not None,
-                       'Encountered <properties> element without a parent')
+          self.assertTrue(
+              child.parentNode is not None,
+              'Encountered <properties> element without a parent',
+          )
           child_id = child.parentNode.getAttribute('name') + '-properties'
         else:
-          self.assert_(child.tagName in self.identifying_attribute,
-                       'Encountered unknown element <%s>' % child.tagName)
+          self.assertTrue(
+              child.tagName in self.identifying_attribute,
+              'Encountered unknown element <%s>' % child.tagName,
+          )
           child_id = child.getAttribute(
-              self.identifying_attribute[child.tagName])
-        self.assert_(child_id not in children)
+              self.identifying_attribute[child.tagName]
+          )
+        self.assertNotIn(child_id, children)
         children[child_id] = child
       elif child.nodeType in [Node.TEXT_NODE, Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE]:
         if 'detail' not in children:
-          if (child.nodeType == Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE or
-              not child.nodeValue.isspace()):
+          if (
+              child.nodeType == Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE
+              or not child.nodeValue.isspace()
+          ):
             children['detail'] = child.ownerDocument.createCDATASection(
-                child.nodeValue)
+                child.nodeValue
+            )
         else:
           children['detail'].nodeValue += child.nodeValue
       else:
@@ -151,7 +184,8 @@
     return children
 
   def NormalizeXml(self, element):
-    """
+    """Normalizes XML that may change from run to run.
+
     Normalizes Google Test's XML output to eliminate references to transient
     information that may change from run to run.
 
@@ -168,6 +202,9 @@
        file's basename and a single asterisk for the line number.
     *  The directory names in file paths are removed.
     *  The stack traces are removed.
+
+    Args:
+      element: DOM element to normalize
     """
 
     if element.tagName == 'testcase':
@@ -176,11 +213,14 @@
         source_file.value = re.sub(r'^.*[/\\](.*)', '\\1', source_file.value)
     if element.tagName in ('testsuites', 'testsuite', 'testcase'):
       timestamp = element.getAttributeNode('timestamp')
-      timestamp.value = re.sub(r'^\d{4}-\d\d-\d\dT\d\d:\d\d:\d\d\.\d\d\d$',
-                               '*', timestamp.value)
+      timestamp.value = re.sub(
+          r'^\d{4}-\d\d-\d\dT\d\d:\d\d:\d\d\.\d\d\d$', '*', timestamp.value
+      )
     if element.tagName in ('testsuites', 'testsuite', 'testcase'):
       time = element.getAttributeNode('time')
-      time.value = re.sub(r'^\d+(\.\d+)?$', '*', time.value)
+      # The value for exact N seconds has a traling decimal point (e.g., "10."
+      # instead of "10")
+      time.value = re.sub(r'^\d+\.(\d+)?$', '*', time.value)
       type_param = element.getAttributeNode('type_param')
       if type_param and type_param.value:
         type_param.value = '*'
@@ -194,8 +234,9 @@
           # Replaces the source line information with a normalized form.
           cdata = re.sub(source_line_pat, '\\1*\n', child.nodeValue)
           # Removes the actual stack trace.
-          child.nodeValue = re.sub(r'Stack trace:\n(.|\n)*',
-                                   'Stack trace:\n*', cdata)
+          child.nodeValue = re.sub(
+              r'Stack trace:\n(.|\n)*', 'Stack trace:\n*', cdata
+          )
     for child in element.childNodes:
       if child.nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE:
         self.NormalizeXml(child)
diff --git a/googletest_deps.bzl b/googletest_deps.bzl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7fe8096
--- /dev/null
+++ b/googletest_deps.bzl
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+"""Load dependencies needed to use the googletest library as a 3rd-party consumer."""
+
+load("@bazel_tools//tools/build_defs/repo:http.bzl", "http_archive")
+
+def googletest_deps():
+    """Loads common dependencies needed to use the googletest library."""
+
+    if not native.existing_rule("com_googlesource_code_re2"):
+        http_archive(
+            name = "com_googlesource_code_re2",  # 2022-12-21T14:29:10Z
+            sha256 = "b9ce3a51beebb38534d11d40f8928d40509b9e18a735f6a4a97ad3d014c87cb5",
+            strip_prefix = "re2-d0b1f8f2ecc2ea74956c7608b6f915175314ff0e",
+            urls = ["https://github.com/google/re2/archive/d0b1f8f2ecc2ea74956c7608b6f915175314ff0e.zip"],
+        )
+
+    if not native.existing_rule("com_google_absl"):
+        http_archive(
+            name = "com_google_absl",  # 2023-02-27T15:50:25Z
+            sha256 = "baf8e734ac3ce213a889ce7c248b981ee1730e2093e32808e0f0a910dc985f76",
+            strip_prefix = "abseil-cpp-0c1114c4fb83c844c7fd74708338cca1d3d9b0dc",
+            urls = ["https://github.com/abseil/abseil-cpp/archive/0c1114c4fb83c844c7fd74708338cca1d3d9b0dc.zip"],
+        )