#include "libhfnetdriver/netdriver.h"

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#if defined(_HF_ARCH_LINUX)
#include <sched.h>
#endif /* defined(_HF_ARCH_LINUX) */
#if defined(__FreeBSD__)
#define SOL_TCP IPPROTO_TCP
#endif

#include "honggfuzz.h"
#include "libhfcommon/common.h"
#include "libhfcommon/files.h"
#include "libhfcommon/log.h"
#include "libhfcommon/ns.h"
#include "libhfcommon/util.h"

__attribute__((visibility("default"))) __attribute__((used))
const char* const LIBHFNETDRIVER_module_netdriver = _HF_NETDRIVER_SIG;

#define HFND_TCP_PORT_ENV     "HFND_TCP_PORT"
#define HFND_SOCK_PATH_ENV    "HFND_SOCK_PATH"
#define HFND_SKIP_FUZZING_ENV "HFND_SKIP_FUZZING"

/* Define this to use receiving timeouts
#define HFND_RECVTIME 10
*/

static char* initial_server_argv[] = {"fuzzer", NULL};

static struct {
    int    argc_server;
    char** argv_server;
    struct {
        struct sockaddr_storage addr;
        socklen_t               slen;
        int                     type;     /* as per man 2 socket */
        int                     protocol; /* as per man 2 socket */
    } dest_addr;
} hfnd_globals = {
    .argc_server = 1,
    .argv_server = initial_server_argv,
    .dest_addr =
        {
            .addr.ss_family = AF_UNSPEC,
        },
};

extern int HonggfuzzNetDriver_main(int argc, char** argv);

static void* netDriver_mainProgram(void* unused HF_ATTR_UNUSED) {
    int ret = HonggfuzzNetDriver_main(hfnd_globals.argc_server, hfnd_globals.argv_server);
    LOG_I("Honggfuzz Net Driver (pid=%d): HonggfuzzNetDriver_main() function exited with: %d",
        (int)getpid(), ret);
    _exit(ret);
}

static void netDriver_startOriginalProgramInThread(void) {
    pthread_t      t;
    pthread_attr_t attr;

    pthread_attr_init(&attr);
    pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attr, 1024ULL * 1024ULL * 8ULL);
    pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);

    if (pthread_create(&t, &attr, netDriver_mainProgram, NULL) != 0) {
        PLOG_F("Couldn't create the 'netDriver_mainProgram' thread");
    }
}

#if defined(_HF_ARCH_LINUX)
static void netDriver_mountTmpfs(const char* path) {
    if (mkdir(path, 0755) == -1 && errno != EEXIST) {
        PLOG_F("mkdir('%s', 0755)", path);
    }
    if (!nsMountTmpfs(path, NULL)) {
        LOG_F("nsMountTmpfs('%s') failed", path);
    }
}
#endif /* defined(_HF_ARCH_LINUX) */

static void netDriver_initNsIfNeeded(void) {
    static bool initialized = false;
    if (initialized) {
        return;
    }
    initialized = true;

#if defined(_HF_ARCH_LINUX)
    if (!nsEnter(CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNET | CLONE_NEWNS | CLONE_NEWIPC | CLONE_NEWUTS)) {
        LOG_F("nsEnter(CLONE_NEWUSER|CLONE_NEWNET|CLONE_NEWNS|CLONE_NEWIPC|CLONE_NEWUTS) failed");
    }
    if (!nsIfaceUp("lo")) {
        LOG_F("nsIfaceUp('lo') failed");
    }

    char tmpdir[PATH_MAX] = {};
    int  ret              = HonggfuzzNetDriverTempdir(tmpdir, sizeof(tmpdir));
    if (ret < 0) {
        LOG_F("HonggfuzzNetDriverTempdir failed");
    }

    if (strlen(tmpdir) > 0) {
        netDriver_mountTmpfs(tmpdir);
    }

    /* Legacy path */
    netDriver_mountTmpfs(HFND_TMP_DIR_OLD);

    return;
#endif /* defined(_HF_ARCH_LINUX) */
    LOG_W("Honggfuzz Net Driver (pid=%d): Namespaces not enabled for this OS platform",
        (int)getpid());
}

/*
 * Try to bind the client socket to a random loopback address, to avoid problems with exhausted
 * ephemeral ports. We run out of them, because the TIME_WAIT state is imposed on recently closed
 * TCP connections originating from the same IP address (127.0.0.1), and connecting to the singular
 * IP address (again, 127.0.0.1) on a single port
 */
static void netDriver_bindToRndLoopback(int sock, sa_family_t sa_family) {
    if (sa_family != AF_INET) {
        return;
    }
    const struct sockaddr_in bsaddr = {
        .sin_family      = AF_INET,
        .sin_port        = htons(0),
        .sin_addr.s_addr = htonl((((uint32_t)util_rnd64()) & 0x00FFFFFF) | 0x7F000000),
    };
    if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&bsaddr, sizeof(bsaddr)) == -1) {
        PLOG_W("Could not bind to a random IPv4 Loopback address");
    }
}

static int netDriver_sockConnAddr(
    const struct sockaddr* addr, socklen_t socklen, int type, int protocol) {
    int sock = socket(addr->sa_family, type, protocol);
    if (sock == -1) {
        PLOG_W("socket(family=%d for dst_addr='%s', type=%d, protocol=%d)", addr->sa_family,
            files_sockAddrToStr(addr, socklen), type, protocol);
        return -1;
    }
    if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET || addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
        int val = 1;
        if (setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &val, (socklen_t)sizeof(val)) == -1 &&
            errno == ENOPROTOOPT) {
            PLOG_W("setsockopt(sock=%d, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, %d)", sock, val);
        }
#if defined(SOL_TCP) && defined(TCP_NODELAY)
        if (setsockopt(sock, SOL_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &val, (socklen_t)sizeof(val)) == -1) {
            PLOG_W("setsockopt(sock=%d, SOL_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, %d)", sock, val);
        }
#endif /* defined(SOL_TCP) && defined(TCP_NODELAY) */
#if defined(SOL_TCP) && defined(TCP_QUICKACK)
        val = 1;
        if (setsockopt(sock, SOL_TCP, TCP_QUICKACK, &val, (socklen_t)sizeof(val)) == -1) {
            PLOG_D("setsockopt(sock=%d, SOL_TCP, TCP_QUICKACK, %d)", sock, val);
        }
#endif /* defined(SOL_TCP) && defined(TCP_QUICKACK) */
    }

    netDriver_bindToRndLoopback(sock, addr->sa_family);

    LOG_D("Connecting to '%s'", files_sockAddrToStr(addr, socklen));
    if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(connect(sock, addr, socklen)) == -1) {
        int saved_errno = errno;
        PLOG_D("connect(addr='%s', type=%d protocol=%d)", files_sockAddrToStr(addr, socklen), type,
            protocol);
        close(sock);
        errno = saved_errno;
        return -1;
    }
    return sock;
}

/*
 * Decide which TCP port should be used for sending inputs
 */
__attribute__((weak)) uint16_t HonggfuzzNetDriverPort(
    int argc HF_ATTR_UNUSED, char** argv HF_ATTR_UNUSED) {
    return HFND_DEFAULT_TCP_PORT;
}

/*
 * The return value is a number of arguments passed returned to libfuzzer (if used)
 *
 * Define this function in your code to describe which arguments are passed to the fuzzed
 * TCP server, and which to the fuzzing engine.
 */
__attribute__((weak)) int HonggfuzzNetDriverArgsForServer(
    int argc, char** argv, int* server_argc, char*** server_argv) {
    /* If the used fuzzer is honggfuzz, simply pass all arguments to the TCP server */
    __attribute__((weak)) int HonggfuzzMain(int argc, char** argv);
    if (HonggfuzzMain) {
        *server_argc = argc;
        *server_argv = argv;
        return argc;
    }

    /*
     * For other fuzzing engines:
     * Split: ./httpdserver -max_input=10 -- --config /etc/httpd.confg
     * into:
     * The fuzzing engine (e.g. libfuzzer) will see "./httpdserver -max_input=10",
     * The httpdserver will see: "./httpdserver --config /etc/httpd.confg"
     */
    for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
        if (strcmp(argv[i], "--") == 0) {
            /* Replace '--' with argv[0] */
            argv[i]      = argv[0];
            *server_argc = argc - i;
            *server_argv = &argv[i];
            return i;
        }
    }

    LOG_I("Honggfuzz Net Driver (pid=%d): No '--' was found in the commandline, and therefore no "
          "arguments will be passed to the TCP server program",
        (int)getpid());
    *server_argc = 1;
    *server_argv = &argv[0];
    return argc;
}

/*
 * Retrieve path where to mount temporary filesystem (tmpfs) for the duration
 * of a main program. Return empty array (length 0) to not use tmpfs.
 */
__attribute__((weak)) int HonggfuzzNetDriverTempdir(char* str, size_t size) {
    return snprintf(str, size, "%s", HFND_TMP_DIR);
}

/* Put a custom sockaddr here (e.g. based on AF_UNIX), sety *type and *protocol as per man 2 socket
 */
__attribute__((weak)) socklen_t HonggfuzzNetDriverServerAddress(
    struct sockaddr_storage* addr HF_ATTR_UNUSED, int* type HF_ATTR_UNUSED,
    int* protocol HF_ATTR_UNUSED) {
    return 0;
}

static uint16_t netDriver_getTCPPort(int argc, char** argv) {
    const char* port_str = getenv(HFND_TCP_PORT_ENV);
    if (port_str) {
        errno              = 0;
        signed long portsl = strtol(port_str, NULL, 0);
        if (errno != 0) {
            PLOG_F("Couldn't convert '%s'='%s' to a number", HFND_TCP_PORT_ENV, port_str);
        }
        if (portsl < 1) {
            LOG_F("Specified TCP port '%s'='%s' (%ld) cannot be < 1", HFND_TCP_PORT_ENV, port_str,
                portsl);
        }
        if (portsl > 65535) {
            LOG_F("Specified TCP port '%s'='%s' (%ld) cannot be > 65535", HFND_TCP_PORT_ENV,
                port_str, portsl);
        }
        return (uint16_t)portsl;
    }

    return HonggfuzzNetDriverPort(argc, argv);
}

static const char* netDriver_getSockPath(int argc HF_ATTR_UNUSED, char** argv HF_ATTR_UNUSED) {
    char tmpdir[PATH_MAX] = {};
    if (HonggfuzzNetDriverTempdir(tmpdir, sizeof(tmpdir)) == -1) {
        snprintf(tmpdir, sizeof(tmpdir), HFND_TMP_DIR);
    }

    static __thread char path[PATH_MAX] = {};
    const char*          sock_path      = getenv(HFND_SOCK_PATH_ENV);
    /* If it starts with '/' it's an absolute path */
    if (sock_path && sock_path[0] == '/') {
        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s", sock_path);
    } else if (sock_path) {
        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", tmpdir, sock_path);
    } else {
        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", tmpdir, HFND_DEFAULT_SOCK_PATH);
    }
    return path;
}

static bool netDriver_connAndAssign(
    const struct sockaddr* addr, socklen_t slen, int type, int protocol) {
    if ((size_t)slen > sizeof(hfnd_globals.dest_addr.addr)) {
        LOG_F("Provided address '%s' is bigger than sizeof(struct sockaddr_storage): %zu > %zu",
            files_sockAddrToStr(addr, slen), (size_t)slen, sizeof(hfnd_globals.dest_addr.addr));
    }
    int fd = netDriver_sockConnAddr(addr, slen, type, protocol);
    if (fd >= 0) {
        close(fd);
        memcpy(&hfnd_globals.dest_addr.addr, addr, slen);
        hfnd_globals.dest_addr.slen     = slen;
        hfnd_globals.dest_addr.type     = type;
        hfnd_globals.dest_addr.protocol = protocol;
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

static bool netDriver_checkIfServerReady(int argc, char** argv) {
    struct sockaddr_storage addr     = {.ss_family = AF_UNSPEC};
    int                     type     = SOCK_STREAM;
    int                     protocol = 0;
    socklen_t               slen     = HonggfuzzNetDriverServerAddress(&addr, &type, &protocol);
    /* User provided specific destination address */
    if (slen > 0) {
        if (netDriver_connAndAssign((struct sockaddr*)&addr, slen, type, protocol)) {
            return true;
        }

        LOG_I("Honggfuzz Net Driver (pid=%d): Waiting for the server process to start "
              "accepting connections at '%s'",
            (int)getpid(), files_sockAddrToStr((struct sockaddr*)&addr, slen));
        return false;
    }

    /* Try to connect to ${HFND_TMP_DIR}/${HFND_DEFAULT_SOCK_PATH} first via a PF_UNIX socket */
    struct sockaddr_un sun = {
        .sun_family = PF_UNIX,
        .sun_path   = {},
    };
    snprintf(sun.sun_path, sizeof(sun.sun_path), "%s", netDriver_getSockPath(argc, argv));
    if (netDriver_connAndAssign((const struct sockaddr*)&sun, sizeof(sun), SOCK_STREAM, 0)) {
        return true;
    }
    if (netDriver_connAndAssign((const struct sockaddr*)&sun, sizeof(sun), SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) {
        return true;
    }
#if defined(SOCK_SEQPACKET)
    if (netDriver_connAndAssign((const struct sockaddr*)&sun, sizeof(sun), SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0)) {
        return true;
    }
#endif /* defined(SOCK_SEQPACKET) */
    /* Next, try TCP4 and TCP6 connections to the localhost */
    const uint16_t           tcp_port = netDriver_getTCPPort(argc, argv);
    const struct sockaddr_in addr4    = {
        .sin_family      = PF_INET,
        .sin_port        = htons(tcp_port),
        .sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK),
    };
    if (netDriver_connAndAssign((const struct sockaddr*)&addr4, sizeof(addr4), SOCK_STREAM, 0)) {
        return true;
    }
    const struct sockaddr_in6 addr6 = {
        .sin6_family   = PF_INET6,
        .sin6_port     = htons(tcp_port),
        .sin6_flowinfo = 0,
        .sin6_addr     = in6addr_loopback,
        .sin6_scope_id = 0,
    };
    if (netDriver_connAndAssign((const struct sockaddr*)&addr6, sizeof(addr6), SOCK_STREAM, 0)) {
        return true;
    }

    LOG_I("Honggfuzz Net Driver (pid=%d): Waiting for the TCP server process to start "
          "accepting connections at TCP4/TCP6 port: %hu or at the socket path: '%s'",
        (int)getpid(), tcp_port, files_sockAddrToStr((const struct sockaddr*)&sun, slen));
    return false;
}

int LLVMFuzzerInitialize(int* argc, char*** argv) {
    if (getenv(HFND_SKIP_FUZZING_ENV)) {
        LOG_I(
            "Honggfuzz Net Driver (pid=%d): '%s' is set, skipping fuzzing, calling main() directly",
            (int)getpid(), HFND_SKIP_FUZZING_ENV);
        exit(HonggfuzzNetDriver_main(*argc, *argv));
    }

    /* Make sure LIBHFNETDRIVER_module_netdriver (NetDriver signature) is used */
    LOG_D("Module: %s", LIBHFNETDRIVER_module_netdriver);

    *argc = HonggfuzzNetDriverArgsForServer(
        *argc, *argv, &hfnd_globals.argc_server, &hfnd_globals.argv_server);

    netDriver_initNsIfNeeded();
    netDriver_startOriginalProgramInThread();
    for (;;) {
        if (netDriver_checkIfServerReady(*argc, *argv)) {
            break;
        }
        LOG_I("Honggfuzz Net Driver (pid=%d): Sleeping for 0.5s", (int)getpid());
        util_sleepForMSec(500);
    }

    LOG_I("Honggfuzz Net Driver (pid=%d): The server process is ready to accept connections at "
          "'%s'. Fuzzing starts now!",
        (int)getpid(),
        files_sockAddrToStr(
            (const struct sockaddr*)&hfnd_globals.dest_addr.addr, hfnd_globals.dest_addr.slen));

    return 0;
}

int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* buf, size_t len) {
    int sock = netDriver_sockConnAddr((const struct sockaddr*)&hfnd_globals.dest_addr.addr,
        hfnd_globals.dest_addr.slen, hfnd_globals.dest_addr.type, hfnd_globals.dest_addr.protocol);
    if (sock == -1) {
        /* netDriver_sockConnAddr() preserves errno */
        PLOG_F("Couldn't connect to the server socket at '%s'",
            files_sockAddrToStr(
                (const struct sockaddr*)&hfnd_globals.dest_addr.addr, hfnd_globals.dest_addr.slen));
    }
    if (!files_sendToSocket(sock, buf, len)) {
        PLOG_W("files_sendToSocket(addr='%s', sock=%d, len=%zu) failed",
            files_sockAddrToStr(
                (const struct sockaddr*)&hfnd_globals.dest_addr.addr, hfnd_globals.dest_addr.slen),
            sock, len);
        close(sock);
        return 0;
    }
    /*
     * Indicate EOF (via the FIN flag) to the TCP server
     *
     * Well-behaved TCP servers should process the input and respond/close the TCP connection at
     * this point
     */
    if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(shutdown(sock, SHUT_WR)) == -1) {
        if (errno == ENOTCONN) {
            close(sock);
            return 0;
        }
        PLOG_F("shutdown(sock=%d, SHUT_WR)", sock);
    }

#ifdef HFND_RECVTIME
    const struct timeval timeout = {.tv_sec = 1, .tv_usec = 0};
    if (setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, &timeout, sizeof(timeout)) == -1) {
        PLOG_W("Honggfuzz Net Driver (pid=%d): Couldn't set setsockopt(sock=%d, SO_RCVTIMEO, 1s)",
            (int)getpid(), sock);
    }
    time_t start = time(NULL);
#endif

    /*
     * Try to read data from the server, assuming that an early TCP close would sometimes cause the
     * TCP server to drop the input data, instead of processing it. Use BSS to avoid putting
     * pressure on the stack size
     */
    static char b[1024ULL * 1024ULL * 4ULL];
    for (;;) {
        int ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(recv(sock, b, sizeof(b), MSG_WAITALL));
        if (ret == 0) {
            break;
        }
#ifdef HFND_RECVTIME
        if (ret == -1 && errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
            time_t end = time(NULL);
            if ((end - start) > HFND_RECVTIME) {
                LOG_W("Honggfuzz Net Driver (pid=%d): Server didn't close the connection(fd=%d) "
                      "within %d seconds. Closing it.",
                    (int)getpid(), sock, HFND_RECVTIME);
                break;
            }
            continue;
        }
#endif
        if (ret == -1) {
            PLOG_W("Honggfuzz Net Driver (pid=%d): Connection to the server (sock=%d) closed with "
                   "error",
                (int)getpid(), sock);
            break;
        }
    }

    close(sock);

    return 0;
}