Fix bazel 9 compatibility:

* Update google_cloud_cpp to 3.3.0 to avoid an incompatible version of
  rules_foreign_cc which uses removed `--incompatible_use_toolchain_transition`

* Force rules_go@0.60.0: even google_cloud_cpp@3.3.0 brings rules_go@0.58.3
  which is still incompatible with bazel 9.

* Update xz to 5.4.5.bcr.8 to avoid having to specify
  `--incompatible_disallow_empty_glob=false` (in bazel 8 and 9).

* Update brotli, bzip2, and snappy, because old versions use `cc_library` or
  `cc_binary` as builtins which are no longer supported.

* Actually update all other dependencies to their current versions.
  Some of them were already newer due to indirect dependencies, with warnings.

  Except for abseil-py: on my machine 2.4.0 is broken (cannot find "<Python.h>",
  in bazel 8 and 9).

* Add 3.13 to supported Python versions.

Building with `--copt=-Wa,--gsframe=no --host_copt=-Wa,--gsframe=no` might still
be needed (in bazel 8 and 9) because of issues in Abseil which were not fixed
yet.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 903936571