Commissioning NXP K32W using Android CHIPTool

This article describes how to use CHIPTool for Android smartphones to commission an NXP K32W061 DK6 running NXP K32W Lock/Light Example Application onto a CHIP-enabled Thread network.

• Overview
• Requirements
• Building and programming OpenThread RCP firmware
• Configuring PC as Thread Border Router
• Building and programming NXP K32W Lock/Light Example Application
• Building and installing Android CHIPTool
• Forming a Thread network on the Border Router
• Preparing accessory device
• Commissioning accessory device
• Sending CHIP commands

Overview

The commissioning process is composed of the following main stages:

• K32W061 (CHIP accessory) device is put in BLE advertisement mode by pressing the USERINTERFACE button;
• CHIPTool discovers the CHIP accessory over BLE;
• CHIPTool establishes a secure channel with the accessory using a SPAKE2+ handshake;
• CHIP tool sends Thread provisioning data over the secure channel;
• The accessory device joins a CHIP-enabled Thread network using the provided Thread credentials.

Bluetooth LE is only used during the commissioning phase. Afterwards, only the IP connectivity between the smartphone and the accessory device is needed to send operational messages. Since a typical smartphone does not have a Thread radio built-in, extra effort is needed to prepare a fully-fledged testing environment. This page describes how to build a Thread Border Router using a PC with a spare Wi-Fi card and an OpenThread Radio Co-Processor device.

The following diagram shows the connectivity between network components required to allow communication between devices running the CHIPTool and Lock/Light applications:

Requirements

You need the following hardware and software to build a Thread Border Router:

• 2 K32W061 DK6 boards

  • One K32W061 DK6 is needed to run OpenThread Radio Co-Processor firmware and can be replaced with another compatible device like K32W061 Dongle.

• Smartphone compatible with Android 8.0 or later

• PC with the following characteristics:

  • Software: Ubuntu 20.04
  • Hardware: A spare Wi-Fi card (WiFi driver needs to support AP mode).

While this page references Ubuntu 20.04, all the procedures can be completed using other popular operating systems.

Building and programming OpenThread RCP firmware

OpenThread RCP firmware is required to allow the PC to communicate with Thread devices. Run the commands mentioned in the following steps to build and program the RCP firmware onto an K32W061 DK6:

1. Clone the OpenThread repository into the current directory (we recommand using commit ced158e65a00dd5394c04548b7b187d3a3f11eef):

   ```
   git clone https://github.com/openthread/openthread.git
   ```
   

2. Enter the openthread directory:

   ```
   cd openthread
   ```
   

3. Install OpenThread dependencies:

   ```
   ./script/bootstrap
   ```
   

4. Set up the build environment:

   ```
   ./bootstrap
   ```
   

5. Build OpenThread for the K32W061 DK6:

    $ make -f examples/Makefile-k32w061
   

   This creates an RCP image in the bin/ot-rcp directory.

6. Program the RCP firmware using the official OpenThread Flash Instructions.

7. Plug-in the K32W061 DK6 to the PC.

Configuring PC as a Thread Border Router

To make your PC work as a Thread Border Router, complete the following tasks:

1. Set up Thread Border Router package by following steps 3,4,5 from the official documentation. Use NETWORK_MANAGER=0 as the Wi-Fi AP will be set manually at the next step. Also, we recommend using commit 83babaf236cad8471be28185d8d4351d37564919 for ot-br-posix repository.

2. Configure the Wi-Fi AP

   • Install the required package:

       ```
       sudo apt-get install hostapd
       ```
     

   • Configure hostapd (create new file and add content):

       ```
       $ sudo vim /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf
     
       interface=wlan0
       driver=nl80211
       ssid=OT-BR
       hw_mode=g
       channel=7
       wmm_enabled=0
       macaddr_acl=0
       auth_algs=1
       ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
       wpa=2
       wpa_passphrase=12345678
       wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
       wpa_pairwise=TKIP
       rsn_pairwise=CCMP
       ```
     

   • We need to tell hostapd to use our config file by editing the main hostapd configuration file. Change the line that starts with #DAEMON_CONF (remember to remove #):

       ```
       $ sudo vim /etc/default/hostapd
     
       DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf"
       ```
     

   • Start hostapd:

       ```
       sudo systemctl unmask hostapd
       sudo systemctl enable hostapd
       ```
     

3. Configure Dnsmasq

   • Install the required package:

       ```
       sudo apt-get install dnsmasq
       ```
     

   • Make a backup of the default config file:

       ```
       sudo cp /etc/dnsmasq.conf /etc/dnsmasq.conf.org
       ```
     

   • Set the DHCP range:

       ```
       $ sudo vim /etc/dnsmasq.conf
     
       interface=wlan0
       dhcp-range=192.168.4.2,192.168.4.20,255.255.255.0,24h
       ```
     

   • On System startup, dnsmasq will not wait for wlan0 interface to initialize and will fail. We need to tell systemd to launch it after networks get ready, so we will modify dnsmasq service file by specifying the initialization order under the After= and Wants= sections:

       ```
       $ sudo vim /lib/systemd/system/dnsmasq.service
     
       [Unit]
       ...
       After=... network-online.target
       Wants=... network-online.target
       ```
     

   • Force systemd to avoid using port 53 (used by dnsmasqd service):

       ```
       $ sudo vim /etc/systemd/resolved.conf
     
       DNSStubListener=no
       ```
     

4. Configure static IP for the Wi-Fi AP interface

   • Modify the cloud-init file and add content to it (use spaces, not tabs, USE THE ):

     ```
     $ sudo vim /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml
     
     wlan0:
         dhcp4: false
         addresses:
         - 192.168.4.1/24
     ```
     

   • The final configuration file should like like this (pay attention to the spacing used):

       ```
       network:
           version: 2
           ethernets:
               eth0:
                    dhcp4: true
                    optional: true
               wlan0:
                    dhcp4: false
                    addresses:
                    - 192.168.4.1/24
       ```
     

5. Set up RADVD

   • Install required package:

     sudo apt-get install radvd
     

   • Configure RADVD for distributing the prefix _fd11:33_::/64 to the devices connected to the AP, while announcing them that is also has a route to _fd11:22::/64_

      $ sudo vim /etc/radvd.conf
     
           interface wlan0 {
              AdvManagedFlag on;
              AdvSendAdvert on;
              MinRtrAdvInterval 30;
              MaxRtrAdvInterval 60;
              prefix fd11:33::1/64 {
                 AdvOnLink on;
                 AdvAutonomous on;
                 AdvRouterAddr on;
              };
              route fd11:22::/64 {
              };
           };
     

   • Enable radvd service:

     sudo chmod u=rw,g=r,o=r /etc/radvd.conf
     sudo systemctl enable radvd.service
     

6. Configure routing:

   • Create a configuration file for setting the routing behavior (forward between Thread and Wi-Fi AP interfaces):

       ```
       $ sudo vim configurations.sh
     
       #!/bin/bash
       sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -o wpan0 -j ACCEPT
       sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i wpan0 -o wlan0 -j ACCEPT
       ```
     

   • Set the executable bit for the above file:

       ```
       sudo chmod +x configurations.sh
       ```
     

   • Configure the above script to be run each time the PC is restarted using a systemd service configuration (change the path for ExecStart):

       ```
       $ sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/br.service
     
       [Unit]
       Description=Job
     
       [Service]
       ExecStart=/home/replace_with_real_path/configurations.sh
       Type=oneshot
       RemainAfterExit=yes
     
       [Install]
       WantedBy=multi-user.target
       ```
     

   • Then run:

       ```
       sudo systemctl daemon-reload
       sudo systemctl enable br.service
       ```
     

7. As a quick checkpoint, restart the PC and make sure that the mobile phone can connect to the OT-BR AP (password: 12345678). Also, check that it gets assigned an IPv4 address in the range 192.168.4.0/24 and an IPV6 address with the prefix fd11:33::/64. Commands for debugging possible issues with the services:

   ```
   sudo service hostapd status
   sudo service dnsmasq status
   sudo service radvd status
   sudo service br status
   ```
   

Building and programming NXP K32W Lock/Light Example Application

See NXP K32W Lock Example Application README to learn how to build and program the lock example onto an K32W061 DK6.

See NXP K32W Light Example Application README to learn how to build and program the light example onto an K32W061 DK6.

Building and installing Android CHIPTool

To build the CHIPTool application for your smartphone, read Android CHIPTool README.

After building, install the application by completing the following steps:

1. Install the Android Debug Bridge (adb) package by running the following command:

   ```
   sudo apt install android-tools-adb
   ```
   

2. Enable USB debugging on the smartphone. See the Configure on-device developer options guide on the Android Studio hub for detailed information.

3. If the Install via USB option is supported for your Android version, turn it on.

4. Plug the smartphone into an USB port on your PC.

5. Run the following command to install the application, with chip-dir replaced with the path to the CHIP source directory:

   ```
   adb install -r chip-dir/examples/android/CHIPTool/app/build/outputs/apk/debug/app-debug.apk
   ```
   

6. Navigate to settings on your smartphone and grant Camera and Location permissions to CHIPTool.

CHIPTool is now ready to be used for commissioning.

Forming a Thread network on the Border Router

1. On the mobile phone connect to the OT-BR Wi-Fi network.

2. Open a browser and type the IP address 192.168.4.1. The Thread Border Router Web Management page will open.

3. Navigate to the Form tab then push the Form button using the default parameters:

4. The message Form operation is successful should be display after a few seconds.

5. In case you ever want to reset these parameters issue this command from the border router shell:

   ```
   sudo ot-ctl factoryreset
   ```
   

6. Info: For debugging the Border Router, ot-ctl offers an entry point to Thread CLI Commands.

7. In case there is any issue with the Web GUI check the logs on the Border Router side / restart the daemon:

   ```
   sudo service otbr-web status
   ```
   

   In case the status is not leader then restart the service:

   ```
   sudo service otbr-web restart
   ```
   

Preparing accessory device

To prepare the accessory device for commissioning, complete the following steps:

1. Make sure that JP4 and JP7 jumpers are in leftmost position and a mini-USB cable is connected between the LPC connector and PC

2. Use a terminal emulator (e.g.: Putty) to connect to the UART console of the accessory device. Use a baudrate of 115200.

   This will grant you access to the application logs.

3. Push Button SW2 on the accessory device and wait 6s for factory reset of the device.

4. Find a message similar to the following one in the application logs:

   ```
   I: 666[SVR] Copy/paste the below URL in a browser to see the QR Code:
           https://project-chip.github.io/connectedhomeip/qrcode.html?data=CH%3AI34DV%2A-00%200C9SS0
   ```
   

5. Open the URL in a web browser to have the commissioning QR code generated.

Commissioning accessory device

To commission the accessory device onto the Thread network created in the Forming Thread network section, complete the following steps:

1. Enable Bluetooth and Location services on your smartphone;

2. Connect the smartphone to OT-BR WiFi network;

3. Open the CHIPTool application on your smartphone;

4. Push the USERINTERFACE button on the K32W board. This will start the BLE advertising process;

5. Tap the PROVISION CHIP DEVICE WITH THREAD button and scan the commissioning QR code. Several notifications will appear, informing you of commissioning progress with scanning, connection, and pairing. At the end of this process, the Thread network settings screen appears.

   

6. In the Thread network settings screen, use the default settings and tap the SAVE NETWORK button to send a Thread provisioning message to the accessory device. You will see the “Network provisioning completed” message when the accessory device successfully joins the Thread network.

   

Sending CHIP commands

1. Once the device is commissioned, the below screen appears. This means that the provisioning is completed successfully and you are connected to the device.

   

2. Verify that the text box on the screen is not empty and contains the IPv6 address of the accessory device.

3. Tap the following buttons to change the lock/light state:

   • ON and OFF buttons lock/turn on and unlock/turn off the door/light bulb, respectively.
   • TOGGLE changes the lock/light state to the opposite.

The LED D3 on the device turns on or off based on the changes of the lock/light state.