Python: don't emit ClassVar for a file's top-level extensions (#29222)

Fixes #29221.

### Problem

`PyiGenerator::PrintExtensions` is a template instantiated for two different scopes, and emits `_ClassVar[int]` for both:

| call site | descriptor | output scope | `ClassVar` valid |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `pyi_generator.cc:481` `PrintExtensions(message_descriptor)` | `Descriptor` | class body | yes |
| `pyi_generator.cc:656` `PrintExtensions(*public_dep)` | `FileDescriptor` | module | **no** |
| `pyi_generator.cc:669` `PrintExtensions(*file_)` | `FileDescriptor` | module | **no** |

PEP 526 restricts `ClassVar` to class bodies, so a proto declaring a file-level extension generates a `.pyi` that does not type-check.

Given:

```proto
syntax = "proto2";
package probe;
import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";

extend google.protobuf.FileOptions {
  optional bool top_level_ext = 50001;
}

message Holder {
  extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
    optional bool nested_ext = 50002;
  }
}
```

before:

```python
DESCRIPTOR: _descriptor.FileDescriptor
TOP_LEVEL_EXT_FIELD_NUMBER: _ClassVar[int]      # module scope
top_level_ext: _descriptor.FieldDescriptor

class Holder(_message.Message):
    __slots__ = ()
    NESTED_EXT_FIELD_NUMBER: _ClassVar[int]     # class body
    nested_ext: _descriptor.FieldDescriptor
    def __init__(self) -> None: ...
```

```
ext_pb2.pyi:7:1 - error: "ClassVar" is not allowed in this context (reportInvalidTypeForm)
```

Only the module-scope constant is flagged; the nested one is correct as-is.

### Change

`PrintEnumValues` in the same file already carries a `bool is_classvar = false` parameter for exactly this distinction. This gives `PrintExtensions` the same parameter and passes `true` only from the message call site, so the two `FileDescriptor` instantiations fall through to a plain `int` annotation. No template specialisation needed.

After:

```python
TOP_LEVEL_EXT_FIELD_NUMBER: int
```

The nested case is unchanged.

### Notes

- Affects any proto with a top-level `extend`, not only extension-only files — the repro above also contains a message.
- `.pyi` golden/expected outputs containing top-level extensions will need regenerating.
- I have not built or run the test suite locally; relying on CI for that.

Closes #29222

COPYBARA_INTEGRATE_REVIEW=https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/pull/29222 from folded:pyi-no-classvar-for-toplevel-extensions 53f1b7bb99829727d012b0cf5567ff7217d5aaef
FUTURE_COPYBARA_INTEGRATE_REVIEW=https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/pull/29222 from folded:pyi-no-classvar-for-toplevel-extensions 53f1b7bb99829727d012b0cf5567ff7217d5aaef
PiperOrigin-RevId: 970646537
3 files changed
tree: 2428bf7996029bc1400ea30bd905b9fc7392f9fd
  1. .bazelci/
  2. .bcr/
  3. .github/
  4. bazel/
  5. benchmarks/
  6. build_defs/
  7. ci/
  8. cmake/
  9. compatibility/
  10. conformance/
  11. csharp/
  12. docs/
  13. editions/
  14. editors/
  15. examples/
  16. go/
  17. hpb/
  18. hpb_generator/
  19. java/
  20. lua/
  21. objectivec/
  22. patches/
  23. php/
  24. pkg/
  25. python/
  26. ruby/
  27. rust/
  28. src/
  29. third_party/
  30. toolchain/
  31. upb/
  32. upb_generator/
  33. .bazelignore
  34. .bazeliskrc
  35. .bazelrc
  36. .clang-format
  37. .gitattributes
  38. .gitignore
  39. .gitmodules
  40. .readthedocs.yml
  41. appveyor.bat
  42. appveyor.yml
  43. BUILD.bazel
  44. CMakeLists.txt
  45. CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
  46. CONTRIBUTING.md
  47. CONTRIBUTORS.txt
  48. Disable_bundle_install.patch
  49. fix_permissions.sh
  50. generate_descriptor_proto.sh
  51. global.json
  52. google3_export_generated_files.sh
  53. LICENSE
  54. maven_dev_install.json
  55. maven_install.json
  56. MODULE.bazel
  57. PrivacyInfo.xcprivacy
  58. protobuf.bzl
  59. Protobuf.podspec
  60. protobuf_deps.bzl
  61. protobuf_release.bzl
  62. protobuf_version.bzl
  63. README.md
  64. regenerate_stale_files.sh
  65. SECURITY.md
  66. version.json
  67. WORKSPACE
  68. WORKSPACE.bzlmod
README.md

Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format

OpenSSF Scorecard

Copyright 2008 Google LLC

Overview

Protocol Buffers (a.k.a., protobuf) are Google's language-neutral, platform-neutral, extensible mechanism for serializing structured data. You can learn more about it in protobuf's documentation.

This README file contains protobuf installation instructions. To install protobuf, you need to install the protocol compiler (used to compile .proto files) and the protobuf runtime for your chosen programming language.

Working With Protobuf Source Code

Most users will find working from supported releases to be the easiest path.

If you choose to work from the head revision of the main branch your build will occasionally be broken by source-incompatible changes and insufficiently-tested (and therefore broken) behavior.

If you are using C++ or otherwise need to build protobuf from source as a part of your project, you should pin to a release commit on a release branch.

This is because even release branches can experience some instability in between release commits.

Bazel with Bzlmod

Protobuf supports Bzlmod with Bazel 8 +. Users should specify a dependency on protobuf in their MODULE.bazel file as follows.

bazel_dep(name = "protobuf", version = <VERSION>)

Users can optionally override the repo name, such as for compatibility with WORKSPACE.

bazel_dep(name = "protobuf", version = <VERSION>, repo_name = "com_google_protobuf")

Bazel with WORKSPACE

Users can also add the following to their legacy WORKSPACE file.

Note that with the release of 30.x there are a few more load statements to properly set up rules_java and rules_python.

http_archive(
    name = "com_google_protobuf",
    strip_prefix = "protobuf-VERSION",
    sha256 = ...,
    url = ...,
)

load("@com_google_protobuf//:protobuf_deps.bzl", "protobuf_deps")

protobuf_deps()

load("@rules_java//java:rules_java_deps.bzl", "rules_java_dependencies")

rules_java_dependencies()

load("@rules_java//java:repositories.bzl", "rules_java_toolchains")

rules_java_toolchains()

load("@rules_python//python:repositories.bzl", "py_repositories")

py_repositories()

Protobuf Compiler Installation

The protobuf compiler is written in C++. If you are using C++, please follow the C++ Installation Instructions to install protoc along with the C++ runtime.

For non-C++ users, the simplest way to install the protocol compiler is to download a pre-built binary from our GitHub release page.

In the downloads section of each release, you can find pre-built binaries in zip packages: protoc-$VERSION-$PLATFORM.zip. It contains the protoc binary as well as a set of standard .proto files distributed along with protobuf.

If you are looking for an old version that is not available in the release page, check out the Maven repository.

These pre-built binaries are only provided for released versions. If you want to use the github main version at HEAD, or you need to modify protobuf code, or you are using C++, it's recommended to build your own protoc binary from source.

If you would like to build protoc binary from source, see the C++ Installation Instructions.

Protobuf Runtime Installation

Protobuf supports several different programming languages. For each programming language, you can find instructions in the corresponding source directory about how to install protobuf runtime for that specific language:

LanguageSource
C++ (include C++ runtime and protoc)src
Javajava
Pythonpython
Objective-Cobjectivec
C#csharp
Rubyruby
Goprotocolbuffers/protobuf-go
PHPphp
Dartdart-lang/protobuf
JavaScriptprotocolbuffers/protobuf-javascript

Quick Start

The best way to learn how to use protobuf is to follow the tutorials in our developer guide.

If you want to learn from code examples, take a look at the examples in the examples directory.

Documentation

The complete documentation is available at the Protocol Buffers doc site.

Support Policy

Read about our version support policy to stay current on support timeframes for the language libraries.

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