fix:: initialize_generic compiler warning about nullptr dereference (#5756)

When compiling an application using pybind11 3.0.0, GCC 13.3.0 and
python 3.11.13 the following warning is emitted [1]:

  In function 'PyObject* PyCFunction_GET_SELF(PyObject*)',
      inlined from 'void pybind11::cpp_function::initialize_generic(unique_function_record&&, const char*, const std::type_info* const*, pybind11::size_t)' at /opt/conda/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/pybind11.h:605:30:
  /opt/conda/include/python3.11/cpython/methodobject.h:50:16: error: potential null pointer dereference [-Werror=null-dereference]
     50 |         return _Py_NULL;
        |                ^~~~~~~~

It stems form the fact that PyCFunction_GET_SELF can return a nullptr.
Let's fail in this case.

[1]: https://gitlab.com/tango-controls/pytango/-/jobs/10671972312#L570
1 file changed