pickle setstate: setattr __dict__ only if not empty (#2972)

* pickle setstate: setattr __dict__ only if not empty, to not force use of py::dynamic_attr() unnecessarily.

* Adding unit test.

* Clang 3.6 & 3.7 compatibility.

* PyPy compatibility.

* Minor iwyu fix, additional comment.

* Addressing reviewer requests.

* Applying clang-tidy suggested fixes.

* Adding check_dynamic_cast_SimpleCppDerived, related to issue #3062.