.. _west-manifests:

West Manifests
##############

This page contains detailed information about west's multiple repository model,
manifest files, and the ``west manifest`` command. For API documentation on the
``west.manifest`` module, see :ref:`west-apis-manifest`. For a more general
introduction and command overview, see :ref:`west-basics`.

.. only:: html

   .. contents::
      :depth: 3

.. _west-mr-model:

Multiple Repository Model
*************************

West's view of the repositories in a :term:`west workspace`, and their
history, looks like the following figure (though some parts of this example are
specific to upstream Zephyr's use of west):

.. figure:: west-mr-model.png
   :align: center
   :alt: West multi-repo history
   :figclass: align-center

   West multi-repo history

The history of the manifest repository is the line of Git commits which is
"floating" on top of the gray plane. Parent commits point to child commits
using solid arrows. The plane below contains the Git commit history of the
repositories in the workspace, with each project repository boxed in by a
rectangle. Parent/child commit relationships in each repository are also shown
with solid arrows.

The commits in the manifest repository (again, for upstream Zephyr this is the
zephyr repository itself) each have a manifest file. The manifest file in each
commit specifies the corresponding commits which it expects in each of the
project repositories. This relationship is shown using dotted line arrows in the
diagram. Each dotted line arrow points from a commit in the manifest repository
to a corresponding commit in a project repository.

Notice the following important details:

- Projects can be added (like ``P1`` between manifest repository
  commits ``D`` and ``E``) and removed (``P2`` between the same
  manifest repository commits)

- Project and manifest repository histories don't have to move
  forwards or backwards together:

  - ``P2`` stays the same from ``A → B``, as do ``P1`` and ``P3`` from ``F →
    G``.
  - ``P3`` moves forward from ``A → B``.
  - ``P3`` moves backward from ``C → D``.

  One use for moving backward in project history is to "revert" a regression by
  going back to a revision before it was introduced.

- Project repository commits can be "skipped": ``P3`` moves forward
  multiple commits in its history from ``B → C``.

- In the above diagram, no project repository has two revisions "at
  the same time": every manifest file refers to exactly one commit in
  the projects it cares about. This can be relaxed by using a branch
  name as a manifest revision, at the cost of being able to bisect
  manifest repository history.

.. _west-manifest-files:

Manifest Files
**************

West manifests are YAML files. Manifests have a top-level ``manifest`` section
with some subsections, like this:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     remotes:
       # short names for project URLs
     projects:
       # a list of projects managed by west
     defaults:
       # default project attributes
     self:
       # configuration related to the manifest repository itself,
       # i.e. the repository containing west.yml
     version: "<schema-version>"
     group-filter:
       # a list of project groups to enable or disable

In YAML terms, the manifest file contains a mapping, with a ``manifest``
key. Any other keys and their contents are ignored (west v0.5 also required a
``west`` key, but this is ignored starting with v0.6).

The manifest contains subsections, like ``defaults``, ``remotes``,
``projects``, and ``self``. In YAML terms, the value of the ``manifest`` key is
also a mapping, with these "subsections" as keys. As of west v0.10, all of
these "subsection" keys are optional.

The ``projects`` value is a list of repositories managed by west and associated
metadata. We'll discuss it soon, but first we will describe the ``remotes``
section, which can be used to save typing in the ``projects`` list.

Remotes
=======

The ``remotes`` subsection contains a sequence which specifies the base URLs
where projects can be fetched from.

Each ``remotes`` element has a name and a "URL base". These are used to form
the complete Git fetch URL for each project. A project's fetch URL can be set
by appending a project-specific path onto a remote URL base. (As we'll see
below, projects can also specify their complete fetch URLs.)

For example:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     # ...
     remotes:
       - name: remote1
         url-base: https://git.example.com/base1
       - name: remote2
         url-base: https://git.example.com/base2

The ``remotes`` keys and their usage are in the following table.

.. list-table:: remotes keys
   :header-rows: 1
   :widths: 1 5

   * - Key
     - Description

   * - ``name``
     - Mandatory; a unique name for the remote.

   * - ``url-base``
     - A prefix that is prepended to the fetch URL for each
       project with this remote.

Above, two remotes are given, with names ``remote1`` and ``remote2``. Their URL
bases are respectively ``https://git.example.com/base1`` and
``https://git.example.com/base2``. You can use SSH URL bases as well; for
example, you might use ``git@example.com:base1`` if ``remote1`` supported Git
over SSH as well. Anything acceptable to Git will work.

.. _west-manifests-projects:

Projects
========

The ``projects`` subsection contains a sequence describing the project
repositories in the west workspace. Every project has a unique name. You can
specify what Git remote URLs to use when cloning and fetching the projects,
what revisions to track, and where the project should be stored on the local
file system.

Here is an example. We'll assume the ``remotes`` given above.

.. Note: if you change this example, keep the equivalent manifest below in
   sync.

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     # [... same remotes as above...]
     projects:
       - name: proj1
         remote: remote1
         path: extra/project-1
       - name: proj2
         repo-path: my-path
         remote: remote2
         revision: v1.3
       - name: proj3
         url: https://github.com/user/project-three
         revision: abcde413a111

In this manifest:

- ``proj1`` has remote ``remote1``, so its Git fetch URL is
  ``https://git.example.com/base1/proj1``. The remote ``url-base`` is appended
  with a ``/`` and the project ``name`` to form the URL.

  Locally, this project will be cloned at path ``extra/project-1`` relative to
  the west workspace's root directory, since it has an explicit ``path``
  attribute with this value.

  Since the project has no ``revision`` specified, ``master`` is used by
  default. The current tip of this branch will be fetched and checked out as a
  detached ``HEAD`` when west next updates this project.

- ``proj2`` has a ``remote`` and a ``repo-path``, so its fetch URL is
  ``https://git.example.com/base2/my-path``. The ``repo-path`` attribute, if
  present, overrides the default ``name`` when forming the fetch URL.

  Since the project has no ``path`` attribute, its ``name`` is used by
  default. It will be cloned into a directory named ``proj2``. The commit
  pointed to by the ``v1.3`` tag will be checked out when west updates the
  project.

- ``proj3`` has an explicit ``url``, so it will be fetched from
  ``https://github.com/user/project-three``.

  Its local path defaults to its name, ``proj3``. Commit ``abcde413a111`` will
  be checked out when it is next updated.

The available project keys and their usage are in the following table.
Sometimes we'll refer to the ``defaults`` subsection; it will be described
next.

.. list-table:: projects elements keys
   :header-rows: 1
   :widths: 1 5

   * - Key(s)
     - Description

   * - ``name``
     - Mandatory; a unique name for the project. The name cannot be one of the
       reserved values "west" or "manifest". The name must be unique in the
       manifest file.

   * - ``remote``, ``url``
     - Mandatory (one of the two, but not both).

       If the project has a ``remote``, that remote's ``url-base`` will be
       combined with the project's ``name`` (or ``repo-path``, if it has one)
       to form the fetch URL instead.

       If the project has a ``url``, that's the complete fetch URL for the
       remote Git repository.

       If the project has neither, the ``defaults`` section must specify a
       ``remote``, which will be used as the the project's remote. Otherwise,
       the manifest is invalid.

   * - ``repo-path``
     - Optional. If given, this is concatenated on to the remote's
       ``url-base`` instead of the project's ``name`` to form its fetch URL.
       Projects may not have both ``url`` and ``repo-path`` attributes.

   * - ``revision``
     - Optional. The Git revision that ``west update`` should
       check out. This will be checked out as a detached HEAD by default, to
       avoid conflicting with local branch names. If not given, the
       ``revision`` value from the ``defaults`` subsection will be used if
       present.

       A project revision can be a branch, tag, or SHA.

       The default ``revision`` is ``master`` if not otherwise specified.

       Using ``HEAD~0`` [#f1]_ as the ``revision`` will cause west to keep the current
       state of the project.

   * - ``path``
     - Optional. Relative path specifying where to clone the repository
       locally, relative to the top directory in the west workspace. If missing,
       the project's ``name`` is used as a directory name.

   * - ``clone-depth``
     - Optional. If given, a positive integer which creates a shallow history
       in the cloned repository limited to the given number of commits. This
       can only be used if the ``revision`` is a branch or tag.

   * - ``west-commands``
     - Optional. If given, a relative path to a YAML file within the project
       which describes additional west commands provided by that project. This
       file is named :file:`west-commands.yml` by convention. See
       :ref:`west-extensions` for details.

   * - ``import``
     - Optional. If ``true``, imports projects from manifest files in the
       given repository into the current manifest. See
       :ref:`west-manifest-import` for details.

   * - ``groups``
     - Optional, a list of groups the project belongs to. See
       :ref:`west-manifest-groups` for details.

   * - ``submodules``
     - Optional. You can use this to make ``west update`` also update `Git
       submodules`_ defined by the project. See
       :ref:`west-manifest-submodules` for details.

   * - ``userdata``
     - Optional. The value is an arbitrary YAML value. See
       :ref:`west-project-userdata`.

.. rubric:: Footnotes

.. [#f1] In git, HEAD is a reference, whereas HEAD~<n> is a valid revision but
         not a reference. West fetches references, such as refs/heads/main or
         HEAD, and commits not available locally, but will not fetch commits if
         they are already available.
         HEAD~0 is resolved to a specific commit that is locally available, and
         therefore west will simply checkout the locally available commit,
         identified by HEAD~0.

.. _Git submodules: https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Submodules

Defaults
========

The ``defaults`` subsection can provide default values for project
attributes. In particular, the default remote name and revision can be
specified here. Another way to write the same manifest we have been describing
so far using ``defaults`` is:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     defaults:
       remote: remote1
       revision: v1.3

     remotes:
       - name: remote1
         url-base: https://git.example.com/base1
       - name: remote2
         url-base: https://git.example.com/base2

     projects:
       - name: proj1
         path: extra/project-1
         revision: master
       - name: proj2
         repo-path: my-path
         remote: remote2
       - name: proj3
         url: https://github.com/user/project-three
         revision: abcde413a111

The available ``defaults`` keys and their usage are in the following table.

.. list-table:: defaults keys
   :header-rows: 1
   :widths: 1 5

   * - Key
     - Description

   * - ``remote``
     - Optional. This will be used for a project's ``remote`` if it does not
       have a ``url`` or ``remote`` key set.

   * - ``revision``
     - Optional. This will be used for a project's ``revision`` if it does
       not have one set. If not given, the default is ``master``.

Self
====

The ``self`` subsection can be used to control the manifest repository itself.

As an example, let's consider this snippet from the zephyr repository's
:file:`west.yml`:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     # ...
     self:
       path: zephyr
       west-commands: scripts/west-commands.yml

This ensures that the zephyr repository is cloned into path ``zephyr``, though
as explained above that would have happened anyway if cloning from the default
manifest URL, ``https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr``. Since the
zephyr repository does contain extension commands, its ``self`` entry declares
the location of the corresponding :file:`west-commands.yml` relative to the
repository root.

The available ``self`` keys and their usage are in the following table.

.. list-table:: self keys
   :header-rows: 1
   :widths: 1 5

   * - Key
     - Description

   * - ``path``
     - Optional. The path ``west init`` should clone the manifest repository
       into, relative to the west workspace topdir.

       If not given, the basename of the path component in the manifest
       repository URL will be used by default. For example, if the URL is
       ``https://git.example.com/project-repo``, the manifest repository would
       be cloned to the directory :file:`project-repo`.

   * - ``west-commands``
     - Optional. This is analogous to the same key in a project sequence
       element.

   * - ``import``
     - Optional. This is also analogous to the ``projects`` key, but allows
       importing projects from other files in the manifest repository. See
       :ref:`west-manifest-import`.

.. _west-manifest-schema-version:

Version
=======

The ``version`` subsection can be used to mark the lowest version of the
manifest file schema that can parse this file's data:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     version: "0.10"
     # marks that this file uses version 0.10 of the west manifest
     # file format.

The pykwalify schema :file:`manifest-schema.yml` in the west source code
repository is used to validate the manifest section. The current manifest
``version`` is 0.13, which is supported by west version v0.13.x.

The ``version`` value may be any one of these values: ``"0.7"``, ``"0.8"``,
``"0.9"``, ``"0.10"``, ``"0.12"``, ``"0.13"``. West v0.11 did not include any
new features which broke the previous schema, so ``"0.11"`` **is not** a valid
schema version.

West v0.10.x can load manifests with any of these ``version`` values, while
west v0.9.x can only load versions up to ``"0.9"``, and so on.

West halts with an error if you ask it to load a manifest file written in a
version it cannot handle.

Quoting the ``version`` value as shown above forces the YAML parser to treat
it as a string. Without quotes, ``0.10`` in YAML is just the floating point
value ``0.1``. You can omit the quotes if the value is the same when cast to
string, but it's best to include them. Always use quotes if you're not sure.

Group-filter
============

See :ref:`west-manifest-groups`.

.. _west-manifest-groups:

Project Groups and Active Projects
**********************************

You can use the ``groups`` and ``group-filter`` keys briefly described
:ref:`above <west-manifest-files>` to place projects into groups, and filter
which groups are enabled. These keys appear in the manifest like this:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: some-project
         groups: ...
     group-filter: ...

You can enable or disable project groups using ``group-filter``. Projects whose
groups are all disabled are *inactive*; west essentially ignores inactive
projects unless explicitly requested not to.

The next section introduces project groups; the following sections describe
:ref:`west-enabled-disabled-groups` and :ref:`west-active-inactive-projects`.
There are some basic examples in :ref:`west-project-group-examples`.

Finally, :ref:`west-group-filter-imports` provides a simplified overview of how
``group-filter`` interacts with the :ref:`west-manifest-import` feature.

Project Groups
==============

Inside ``manifest: projects:``, you can add a project to one or more groups.
The ``groups`` key is a list of group names. Group names are strings.

For example, in this manifest fragment:

.. code-block:: yaml

  manifest:
    projects:
      - name: project-1
        groups:
          - groupA
      - name: project-2
        groups:
          - groupB
          - groupC
      - name: project-3

The projects are in these groups:

- ``project-1``: one group, named ``groupA``
- ``project-2``: two groups, named ``groupB`` and ``groupC``
- ``project-3``: no groups

Project group names must not contain commas (,), colons (:), or whitespace.

Group names must not begin with a dash (-) or the plus sign (+), but they may
contain these characters elsewhere in their names. For example, ``foo-bar`` and
``foo+bar`` are valid groups, but ``-foobar`` and ``+foobar`` are not.

Group names are otherwise arbitrary strings. Group names are case sensitive.

As a restriction, no project may use both ``import:`` and ``groups:``. (This
avoids some edge cases whose semantics are difficult to specify.)

.. _west-enabled-disabled-groups:

Enabled and Disabled Project Groups
===================================

All project groups are enabled by default. You can enable or disable groups in
both your manifest file and :ref:`west-config`.

Within a manifest file, ``manifest: group-filter:`` is a YAML list of groups to
enable and disable.

To enable a group, prefix its name with a plus sign (+). For example,
``groupA`` is enabled in this manifest fragment:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     group-filter: [+groupA]

Although this is redundant for groups that are already enabled by default, it
can be used to override settings in an imported manifest file. See
:ref:`west-group-filter-imports` for more information.

To disable a group, prefix its name with a dash (-). For example, ``groupA``
and ``groupB`` are disabled in this manifest fragment:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     group-filter: [-groupA,-groupB]

.. note::

   Since ``group-filter`` is a YAML list, you could have written this fragment
   as follows:

   .. code-block:: yaml

      manifest:
        group-filter:
          - -groupA
          - -groupB

   However, this syntax is harder to read and therefore discouraged.

In addition to the manifest file, you can control which groups are enabled and
disabled using the ``manifest.group-filter`` configuration option. This option
is a comma-separated list of groups to enable and/or disable.

To enable a group, add its name to the list prefixed with ``+``. To disable a
group, add its name prefixed with ``-``. For example, setting
``manifest.group-filter`` to ``+groupA,-groupB`` enables ``groupA``, and
disables ``groupB``.

The value of the configuration option overrides any data in the manifest file.
You can think of this as if the ``manifest.group-filter`` configuration option
is appended to the ``manifest: group-filter:`` list from YAML, with "last entry
wins" semantics.

.. _west-active-inactive-projects:

Active and Inactive Projects
============================

All projects are *active* by default. Projects with no groups are always
active. A project is *inactive* if all of its groups are disabled. This is the
only way to make a project inactive.

Most west commands that operate on projects will ignore inactive projects by
default. For example, :ref:`west-update` when run without arguments will not
update inactive projects. As another example, running ``west list`` without
arguments will not print information for inactive projects.

.. _west-project-group-examples:

Project Group Examples
======================

This section contains example situations involving project groups and active
projects. The examples use both ``manifest: group-filter:`` YAML lists and
``manifest.group-filter`` configuration lists, to show how they work together.

Note that the ``defaults`` and ``remotes`` data in the following manifests
isn't relevant except to make the examples complete and self-contained.

Example 1: no disabled groups
-----------------------------

The entire manifest file is:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: foo
         groups:
           - groupA
       - name: bar
         groups:
           - groupA
           - groupB
       - name: baz

     defaults:
       remote: example-remote
     remotes:
       - name: example-remote
         url-base: https://git.example.com

The ``manifest.group-filter`` configuration option is not set (you can ensure
this by running ``west config -D manifest.group-filter``).

No groups are disabled, because all groups are enabled by default. Therefore,
all three projects (``foo``, ``bar``, and ``baz``) are active. Note that there
is no way to make project ``baz`` inactive, since it has no groups.

Example 2: Disabling one group via manifest
-------------------------------------------

The entire manifest file is:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: foo
         groups:
           - groupA
       - name: bar
         groups:
           - groupA
           - groupB

     group-filter: [-groupA]

     defaults:
       remote: example-remote
     remotes:
       - name: example-remote
         url-base: https://git.example.com

The ``manifest.group-filter`` configuration option is not set (you can ensure
this by running ``west config -D manifest.group-filter``).

Since ``groupA`` is disabled, project ``foo`` is inactive. Project ``bar`` is
active, because ``groupB`` is enabled.

Example 3: Disabling multiple groups via manifest
-------------------------------------------------

The entire manifest file is:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: foo
         groups:
           - groupA
       - name: bar
         groups:
           - groupA
           - groupB

     group-filter: [-groupA,-groupB]

     defaults:
       remote: example-remote
     remotes:
       - name: example-remote
         url-base: https://git.example.com

The ``manifest.group-filter`` configuration option is not set (you can ensure
this by running ``west config -D manifest.group-filter``).

Both ``foo`` and ``bar`` are inactive, because all of their groups are
disabled.

Example 4: Disabling a group via configuration
----------------------------------------------

The entire manifest file is:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: foo
         groups:
           - groupA
       - name: bar
         groups:
           - groupA
           - groupB

     defaults:
       remote: example-remote
     remotes:
       - name: example-remote
         url-base: https://git.example.com

The ``manifest.group-filter`` configuration option is set to ``-groupA`` (you
can ensure this by running ``west config manifest.group-filter -- -groupA``;
the extra ``--`` is required so the argument parser does not treat ``-groupA``
as a command line option ``-g`` with value ``roupA``).

Project ``foo`` is inactive because ``groupA`` has been disabled by the
``manifest.group-filter`` configuration option. Project ``bar`` is active
because ``groupB`` is enabled.

Example 5: Overriding a disabled group via configuration
--------------------------------------------------------

The entire manifest file is:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: foo
       - name: bar
         groups:
           - groupA
       - name: baz
         groups:
           - groupA
           - groupB

     group-filter: [-groupA]

     defaults:
       remote: example-remote
     remotes:
       - name: example-remote
         url-base: https://git.example.com

The ``manifest.group-filter`` configuration option is set to ``+groupA`` (you
can ensure this by running ``west config manifest.group-filter +groupA``).

In this case, ``groupA`` is enabled: the ``manifest.group-filter``
configuration option has higher precedence than the ``manifest: group-filter:
[-groupA]`` content in the manifest file.

Therefore, projects ``foo`` and ``bar`` are both active.

Example 6: Overriding multiple disabled groups via configuration
----------------------------------------------------------------

The entire manifest file is:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: foo
       - name: bar
         groups:
           - groupA
       - name: baz
         groups:
           - groupA
           - groupB

     group-filter: [-groupA,-groupB]

     defaults:
       remote: example-remote
     remotes:
       - name: example-remote
         url-base: https://git.example.com

The ``manifest.group-filter`` configuration option is set to
``+groupA,+groupB`` (you can ensure this by running ``west config
manifest.group-filter "+groupA,+groupB"``).

In this case, both ``groupA`` and ``groupB`` are enabled, because the
configuration value overrides the manifest file for both groups.

Therefore, projects ``foo`` and ``bar`` are both active.

Example 7: Disabling multiple groups via configuration
------------------------------------------------------

The entire manifest file is:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: foo
       - name: bar
         groups:
           - groupA
       - name: baz
         groups:
           - groupA
           - groupB

     defaults:
       remote: example-remote
     remotes:
       - name: example-remote
         url-base: https://git.example.com

The ``manifest.group-filter`` configuration option is set to
``-groupA,-groupB`` (you can ensure this by running ``west config
manifest.group-filter -- "-groupA,-groupB"``).

In this case, both ``groupA`` and ``groupB`` are disabled.

Therefore, projects ``foo`` and ``bar`` are both inactive.

.. _west-group-filter-imports:

Group Filters and Imports
=========================

This section provides a simplified description of how the ``manifest:
group-filter:`` value behaves when combined with :ref:`west-manifest-import`.
For complete details, see :ref:`west-manifest-formal`.

.. warning::

   The below semantics apply to west v0.10.0 and later. West v0.9.x semantics
   are different, and combining ``group-filter`` with ``import`` in west v0.9.x
   is discouraged.

In short:

- if you only import one manifest, any groups it disables in its
  ``group-filter`` are also disabled in your manifest
- you can override this in your manifest file's ``manifest: group-filter:``
  value, your workspace's ``manifest.group-filter`` configuration option, or
  both

Here are some examples.

Example 1: no overrides
-----------------------

You are using this :file:`parent/west.yml` manifest:

.. code-block:: yaml

   # parent/west.yml:
   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: child
         url: https://git.example.com/child
         import: true
       - name: project-1
         url: https://git.example.com/project-1
         groups:
           - unstable

And :file:`child/west.yml` contains:

.. code-block:: yaml

   # child/west.yml:
   manifest:
     group-filter: [-unstable]
     projects:
       - name: project-2
         url: https://git.example.com/project-2
       - name: project-3
         url: https://git.example.com/project-3
         groups:
           - unstable

Only ``child`` and ``project-2`` are active in the resolved manifest.

The ``unstable`` group is disabled in :file:`child/west.yml`, and that is not
overridden in :file:`parent/west.yml`. Therefore, the final ``group-filter``
for the resolved manifest is ``[-unstable]``.

Since ``project-1`` and ``project-3`` are in the ``unstable`` group and are not
in any other group, they are inactive.

Example 2: overriding an imported ``group-filter`` via manifest
---------------------------------------------------------------

You are using this :file:`parent/west.yml` manifest:

.. code-block:: yaml

   # parent/west.yml:
   manifest:
     group-filter: [+unstable,-optional]
     projects:
       - name: child
         url: https://git.example.com/child
         import: true
       - name: project-1
         url: https://git.example.com/project-1
         groups:
           - unstable

And :file:`child/west.yml` contains:

.. code-block:: yaml

   # child/west.yml:
   manifest:
     group-filter: [-unstable]
     projects:
       - name: project-2
         url: https://git.example.com/project-2
         groups:
           - optional
       - name: project-3
         url: https://git.example.com/project-3
         groups:
           - unstable

Only the ``child``, ``project-1``, and ``project-3`` projects are active.

The ``[-unstable]`` group filter in :file:`child/west.yml` is overridden in
:file:`parent/west.yml`, so the ``unstable`` group is enabled. Since
``project-1`` and ``project-3`` are in the ``unstable`` group, they are active.

The same :file:`parent/west.yml` file disables the ``optional`` group, so
``project-2`` is inactive.

The final group filter specified by :file:`parent/west.yml` is
``[+unstable,-optional]``.

Example 3: overriding an imported ``group-filter`` via configuration
--------------------------------------------------------------------

You are using this :file:`parent/west.yml` manifest:

.. code-block:: yaml

   # parent/west.yml:
   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: child
         url: https://git.example.com/child
         import: true
       - name: project-1
         url: https://git.example.com/project-1
         groups:
           - unstable

And :file:`child/west.yml` contains:

.. code-block:: yaml

   # child/west.yml:
   manifest:
     group-filter: [-unstable]
     projects:
       - name: project-2
         url: https://git.example.com/project-2
         groups:
           - optional
       - name: project-3
         url: https://git.example.com/project-3
         groups:
           - unstable

If you run:

.. code-block:: shell

   west config manifest.group-filter +unstable,-optional

Then only the ``child``, ``project-1``, and ``project-3`` projects are active.

The ``-unstable`` group filter in :file:`child/west.yml` is overridden in the
``manifest.group-filter`` configuration option, so the ``unstable`` group is
enabled. Since ``project-1`` and ``project-3`` are in the ``unstable`` group,
they are active.

The same configuration option disables the ``optional`` group, so ``project-2``
is inactive.

The final group filter specified by :file:`parent/west.yml` and the
``manifest.group-filter`` configuration option is ``[+unstable,-optional]``.

.. _west-manifest-submodules:

Git Submodules in Projects
**************************

You can use the ``submodules`` keys briefly described :ref:`above
<west-manifest-files>` to force ``west update`` to also handle any `Git
submodules`_ configured in project's git repository. The ``submodules`` key can
appear inside ``projects``, like this:

.. code-block:: YAML

   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: some-project
         submodules: ...

The ``submodules`` key can be a boolean or a list of mappings. We'll describe
these in order.

Option 1: Boolean
=================

This is the easiest way to use ``submodules``.

If ``submodules`` is ``true`` as a ``projects`` attribute, ``west update`` will
recursively update the project's Git submodules whenever it updates the project
itself. If it's ``false`` or missing, it has no effect.

For example, let's say you have a source code repository ``foo``, which has
some submodules, and you want ``west update`` to keep all of them them in sync,
along with another project named ``bar`` in the same workspace.

You can do that with this manifest file:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: foo
         submodules: true
       - name: bar

Here, ``west update`` will initialize and update all submodules in ``foo``. If
``bar`` has any submodules, they are ignored, because ``bar`` does not have a
``submodules`` value.

Option 2: List of mappings
==========================

The ``submodules`` key may be a list of mappings, one list element for
each desired submodule. Each submodule listed is updated recursively.
You can still track and update unlisted submodules with ``git`` commands
manually; present or not they will be completely ignored by ``west``.

The ``path`` key must match exactly the path of one submodule relative
to its parent west project, as shown in the output of ``git submodule
status``. The ``name`` key is optional and not used by west for now;
it's not passed to ``git submodule`` commands either. The ``name`` key
was briefly mandatory in west version 0.9.0, but was made optional in 0.9.1.

For example, let's say you have a source code repository ``foo``, which has
many submodules, and you want ``west update`` to keep some but not all of them
in sync, along with another project named ``bar`` in the same workspace.

You can do that with this manifest file:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: foo
         submodules:
           - path: path/to/foo-first-sub
           - name: foo-second-sub
             path: path/to/foo-second-sub
       - name: bar

Here, ``west update`` will recursively initialize and update just the
submodules in ``foo`` with paths ``path/to/foo-first-sub`` and
``path/to/foo-second-sub``. Any submodules in ``bar`` are still ignored.

.. _west-project-userdata:

Repository user data
********************

West versions v0.12 and later support an optional ``userdata`` key in projects.

West versions v0.13 and later supports this key in the ``manifest: self:``
section.

It is meant for consumption by programs that require user-specific project
metadata. Beyond parsing it as YAML, west itself ignores the value completely.

The key's value is arbitrary YAML. West parses the value and makes it
accessible to programs using :ref:`west-apis` as the ``userdata`` attribute of
the corresponding ``west.manifest.Project`` object.

Example manifest fragment:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: foo
       - name: bar
         userdata: a-string
       - name: baz
         userdata:
           key: value
     self:
       userdata: blub

Example Python usage:

.. code-block:: python

   manifest = west.manifest.Manifest.from_file()

   foo, bar, baz = manifest.get_projects(['foo', 'bar', 'baz'])

   foo.userdata # None
   bar.userdata # 'a-string'
   baz.userdata # {'key': 'value'}
   manifest.userdata # 'blub'

.. _west-manifest-import:

Manifest Imports
****************

You can use the ``import`` key briefly described above to include projects from
other manifest files in your :file:`west.yml`. This key can be either a
``project`` or ``self`` section attribute:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: some-project
         import: ...
     self:
       import: ...

You can use a "self: import:" to load additional files from the repository
containing your :file:`west.yml`. You can use a "project: ... import:" to load
additional files defined in that project's Git history.

West resolves the final manifest from individual manifest files in this order:

#. imported files in ``self``
#. your :file:`west.yml` file
#. imported files in ``projects``

During resolution, west ignores projects which have already been defined in
other files. For example, a project named ``foo`` in your :file:`west.yml`
makes west ignore other projects named ``foo`` imported from your ``projects``
list.

The ``import`` key can be a boolean, path, mapping, or sequence. We'll describe
these in order, using examples:

- :ref:`Boolean <west-manifest-import-bool>`
   - :ref:`west-manifest-ex1.1`
   - :ref:`west-manifest-ex1.2`
   - :ref:`west-manifest-ex1.3`
- :ref:`Relative path <west-manifest-import-path>`
   - :ref:`west-manifest-ex2.1`
   - :ref:`west-manifest-ex2.2`
   - :ref:`west-manifest-ex2.3`
- :ref:`Mapping with additional configuration <west-manifest-import-map>`
   - :ref:`west-manifest-ex3.1`
   - :ref:`west-manifest-ex3.2`
   - :ref:`west-manifest-ex3.3`
   - :ref:`west-manifest-ex3.4`
- :ref:`Sequence of paths and mappings <west-manifest-import-seq>`
   - :ref:`west-manifest-ex4.1`
   - :ref:`west-manifest-ex4.2`

A more :ref:`formal description <west-manifest-formal>` of how this works is
last, after the examples.

Troubleshooting Note
====================

If you're using this feature and find west's behavior confusing, try
:ref:`resolving your manifest <west-manifest-resolve>` to see the final results
after imports are done.

.. _west-manifest-import-bool:

Option 1: Boolean
=================

This is the easiest way to use ``import``.

If ``import`` is ``true`` as a ``projects`` attribute, west imports projects
from the :file:`west.yml` file in that project's root directory. If it's
``false`` or missing, it has no effect. For example, this manifest would import
:file:`west.yml` from the ``p1`` git repository at revision ``v1.0``:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     # ...
     projects:
       - name: p1
         revision: v1.0
         import: true    # Import west.yml from p1's v1.0 git tag
       - name: p2
         import: false   # Nothing is imported from p2.
       - name: p3        # Nothing is imported from p3 either.

It's an error to set ``import`` to either ``true`` or ``false`` inside
``self``, like this:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     # ...
     self:
       import: true  # Error

.. _west-manifest-ex1.1:

Example 1.1: Downstream of a Zephyr release
-------------------------------------------

You have a source code repository you want to use with Zephyr v1.14.1 LTS.  You
want to maintain the whole thing using west. You don't want to modify any of
the mainline repositories.

In other words, the west workspace you want looks like this:

.. code-block:: none

   my-downstream/
   ├── .west/                     # west directory
   ├── zephyr/                    # mainline zephyr repository
   │   └── west.yml               # the v1.14.1 version of this file is imported
   ├── modules/                   # modules from mainline zephyr
   │   ├── hal/
   │   └── [...other directories..]
   ├── [ ... other projects ...]  # other mainline repositories
   └── my-repo/                   # your downstream repository
       ├── west.yml               # main manifest importing zephyr/west.yml v1.14.1
       └── [...other files..]

You can do this with the following :file:`my-repo/west.yml`:

.. code-block:: yaml

   # my-repo/west.yml:
   manifest:
     remotes:
       - name: zephyrproject-rtos
         url-base: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos
     projects:
       - name: zephyr
         remote: zephyrproject-rtos
         revision: v1.14.1
         import: true

You can then create the workspace on your computer like this, assuming
``my-repo`` is hosted at ``https://git.example.com/my-repo``:

.. code-block:: console

   west init -m https://git.example.com/my-repo my-downstream
   cd my-downstream
   west update

After ``west init``, :file:`my-downstream/my-repo` will be cloned.

After ``west update``, all of the projects defined in the ``zephyr``
repository's :file:`west.yml` at revision ``v1.14.1`` will be cloned into
:file:`my-downstream` as well.

You can add and commit any code to :file:`my-repo` you please at this point,
including your own Zephyr applications, drivers, etc. See :ref:`application`.

.. _west-manifest-ex1.2:

Example 1.2: "Rolling release" Zephyr downstream
------------------------------------------------

This is similar to :ref:`west-manifest-ex1.1`, except we'll use ``revision:
main`` for the zephyr repository:

.. code-block:: yaml

   # my-repo/west.yml:
   manifest:
     remotes:
       - name: zephyrproject-rtos
         url-base: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos
     projects:
       - name: zephyr
         remote: zephyrproject-rtos
         revision: main
         import: true

You can create the workspace in the same way:

.. code-block:: console

   west init -m https://git.example.com/my-repo my-downstream
   cd my-downstream
   west update

This time, whenever you run ``west update``, the special :ref:`manifest-rev
<west-manifest-rev>` branch in the ``zephyr`` repository will be updated to
point at a newly fetched ``main`` branch tip from the URL
https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr.

The contents of :file:`zephyr/west.yml` at the new ``manifest-rev`` will then
be used to import projects from Zephyr. This lets you stay up to date with the
latest changes in the Zephyr project. The cost is that running ``west update``
will not produce reproducible results, since the remote ``main`` branch can
change every time you run it.

It's also important to understand that west **ignores your working tree's**
:file:`zephyr/west.yml` entirely when resolving imports. West always uses the
contents of imported manifests as they were committed to the latest
``manifest-rev`` when importing from a project.

You can only import manifest from the file system if they are in your manifest
repository's working tree. See :ref:`west-manifest-ex2.2` for an example.

.. _west-manifest-ex1.3:

Example 1.3: Downstream of a Zephyr release, with module fork
-------------------------------------------------------------

This manifest is similar to the one in :ref:`west-manifest-ex1.1`, except it:

- is a downstream of Zephyr 2.0
- includes a downstream fork of the :file:`modules/hal/nordic`
  :ref:`module <modules>` which was included in that release

.. code-block:: yaml

   # my-repo/west.yml:
   manifest:
     remotes:
       - name: zephyrproject-rtos
         url-base: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos
       - name: my-remote
         url-base: https://git.example.com
     projects:
       - name: hal_nordic         # higher precedence
         remote: my-remote
         revision: my-sha
         path: modules/hal/nordic
       - name: zephyr
         remote: zephyrproject-rtos
         revision: v2.0.0
         import: true             # imported projects have lower precedence

   # subset of zephyr/west.yml contents at v2.0.0:
   manifest:
     defaults:
       remote: zephyrproject-rtos
     remotes:
       - name: zephyrproject-rtos
         url-base: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos
     projects:
     # ...
     - name: hal_nordic           # lower precedence, values ignored
       path: modules/hal/nordic
       revision: another-sha

With this manifest file, the project named ``hal_nordic``:

- is cloned from ``https://git.example.com/hal_nordic`` instead of
  ``https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/hal_nordic``.
- is updated to commit ``my-sha`` by ``west update``, instead of
  the mainline commit ``another-sha``

In other words, when your top-level manifest defines a project, like
``hal_nordic``, west will ignore any other definition it finds later on while
resolving imports.

This does mean you have to copy the ``path: modules/hal/nordic`` value into
:file:`my-repo/west.yml` when defining ``hal_nordic`` there. The value from
:file:`zephyr/west.yml` is ignored entirely. See :ref:`west-manifest-resolve`
for troubleshooting advice if this gets confusing in practice.

When you run ``west update``, west will:

- update zephyr's ``manifest-rev`` to point at the ``v2.0.0`` tag
- import :file:`zephyr/west.yml` at that ``manifest-rev``
- locally check out the ``v2.0.0`` revisions for all zephyr projects except
  ``hal_nordic``
- update ``hal_nordic`` to ``my-sha`` instead of ``another-sha``

.. _west-manifest-import-path:

Option 2: Relative path
=======================

The ``import`` value can also be a relative path to a manifest file or a
directory containing manifest files. The path is relative to the root directory
of the ``projects`` or ``self`` repository the ``import`` key appears in.

Here is an example:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: project-1
         revision: v1.0
         import: west.yml
       - name: project-2
         revision: main
         import: p2-manifests
     self:
       import: submanifests

This will import the following:

- the contents of :file:`project-1/west.yml` at ``manifest-rev``, which points
  at tag ``v1.0`` after running ``west update``
- any YAML files in the directory tree :file:`project-2/p2-manifests`
  at the latest commit in the ``main`` branch, as fetched by ``west update``,
  sorted by file name
- YAML files in :file:`submanifests` in your manifest repository,
  as they appear on your file system, sorted by file name

Notice how ``projects`` imports get data from Git using ``manifest-rev``, while
``self`` imports get data from your file system. This is because as usual, west
leaves version control for your manifest repository up to you.

.. _west-manifest-ex2.1:

Example 2.1: Downstream of a Zephyr release with explicit path
--------------------------------------------------------------

This is an explicit way to write an equivalent manifest to the one in
:ref:`west-manifest-ex1.1`.

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     remotes:
       - name: zephyrproject-rtos
         url-base: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos
     projects:
       - name: zephyr
         remote: zephyrproject-rtos
         revision: v1.14.1
         import: west.yml

The setting ``import: west.yml`` means to use the file :file:`west.yml` inside
the ``zephyr`` project. This example is contrived, but shows the idea.

This can be useful in practice when the name of the manifest file you want to
import is not :file:`west.yml`.

.. _west-manifest-ex2.2:

Example 2.2: Downstream with directory of manifest files
--------------------------------------------------------

Your Zephyr downstream has a lot of additional repositories. So many, in fact,
that you want to split them up into multiple manifest files, but keep track of
them all in a single manifest repository, like this:

.. code-block:: none

   my-repo/
   ├── submanifests
   │   ├── 01-libraries.yml
   │   ├── 02-vendor-hals.yml
   │   └── 03-applications.yml
   └── west.yml

You want to add all the files in :file:`my-repo/submanifests` to the main
manifest file, :file:`my-repo/west.yml`, in addition to projects in
:file:`zephyr/west.yml`. You want to track the latest development code
in the Zephyr repository's ``main`` branch instead of using a fixed revision.

Here's how:

.. code-block:: yaml

   # my-repo/west.yml:
   manifest:
     remotes:
       - name: zephyrproject-rtos
         url-base: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos
     projects:
       - name: zephyr
         remote: zephyrproject-rtos
         revision: main
         import: true
     self:
       import: submanifests

Manifest files are imported in this order during resolution:

#. :file:`my-repo/submanifests/01-libraries.yml`
#. :file:`my-repo/submanifests/02-vendor-hals.yml`
#. :file:`my-repo/submanifests/03-applications.yml`
#. :file:`my-repo/west.yml`
#. :file:`zephyr/west.yml`

.. note::

   The :file:`.yml` file names are prefixed with numbers in this example to
   make sure they are imported in the specified order.

   You can pick arbitrary names. West sorts files in a directory by name before
   importing.

Notice how the manifests in :file:`submanifests` are imported *before*
:file:`my-repo/west.yml` and :file:`zephyr/west.yml`. In general, an ``import``
in the ``self`` section is processed before the manifest files in ``projects``
and the main manifest file.

This means projects defined in :file:`my-repo/submanifests` take highest
precedence. For example, if :file:`01-libraries.yml` defines ``hal_nordic``,
the project by the same name in :file:`zephyr/west.yml` is simply ignored. As
usual, see :ref:`west-manifest-resolve` for troubleshooting advice.

This may seem strange, but it allows you to redefine projects "after the fact",
as we'll see in the next example.

.. _west-manifest-ex2.3:

Example 2.3: Continuous Integration overrides
---------------------------------------------

Your continuous integration system needs to fetch and test multiple
repositories in your west workspace from a developer's forks instead of your
mainline development trees, to see if the changes all work well together.

Starting with :ref:`west-manifest-ex2.2`, the CI scripts add a
file :file:`00-ci.yml` in :file:`my-repo/submanifests`, with these contents:

.. code-block:: yaml

   # my-repo/submanifests/00-ci.yml:
   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: a-vendor-hal
         url: https://github.com/a-developer/hal
         revision: a-pull-request-branch
       - name: an-application
         url: https://github.com/a-developer/application
         revision: another-pull-request-branch

The CI scripts run ``west update`` after generating this file in
:file:`my-repo/submanifests`. The projects defined in :file:`00-ci.yml` have
higher precedence than other definitions in :file:`my-repo/submanifests`,
because the name :file:`00-ci.yml` comes before the other file names.

Thus, ``west update`` always checks out the developer's branches in the
projects named ``a-vendor-hal`` and ``an-application``, even if those same
projects are also defined elsewhere.

.. _west-manifest-import-map:

Option 3: Mapping
=================

The ``import`` key can also contain a mapping with the following keys:

- ``file``: Optional. The name of the manifest file or directory to import.
  This defaults to :file:`west.yml` if not present.
- ``name-allowlist``: Optional. If present, a name or sequence of project names
  to include.
- ``path-allowlist``: Optional. If present, a path or sequence of project paths
  to match against. This is a shell-style globbing pattern, currently
  implemented with `pathlib`_. Note that this means case sensitivity is
  platform specific.
- ``name-blocklist``: Optional. Like ``name-allowlist``, but contains project
  names to exclude rather than include.
- ``path-blocklist``: Optional. Like ``path-allowlist``, but contains project
  paths to exclude rather than include.
- ``path-prefix``: Optional (new in v0.8.0). If given, this will be prepended
  to the project's path in the workspace, as well as the paths of any imported
  projects. This can be used to place these projects in a subdirectory of the
  workspace.

.. _re: https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html
.. _pathlib:
   https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html#pathlib.PurePath.match

Allowlists override blocklists if both are given. For example, if a project is
blocked by path, then allowed by name, it will still be imported.

.. _west-manifest-ex3.1:

Example 3.1: Downstream with name allowlist
-------------------------------------------

Here is a pair of manifest files, representing a mainline and a
downstream. The downstream doesn't want to use all the mainline
projects, however. We'll assume the mainline :file:`west.yml` is
hosted at ``https://git.example.com/mainline/manifest``.

.. code-block:: yaml

   # mainline west.yml:
   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: mainline-app                # included
         path: examples/app
         url: https://git.example.com/mainline/app
       - name: lib
         path: libraries/lib
         url: https://git.example.com/mainline/lib
       - name: lib2                        # included
         path: libraries/lib2
         url: https://git.example.com/mainline/lib2

   # downstream west.yml:
   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: mainline
         url: https://git.example.com/mainline/manifest
         import:
           name-allowlist:
             - mainline-app
             - lib2
       - name: downstream-app
         url: https://git.example.com/downstream/app
       - name: lib3
         path: libraries/lib3
         url: https://git.example.com/downstream/lib3

An equivalent manifest in a single file would be:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: mainline
         url: https://git.example.com/mainline/manifest
       - name: downstream-app
         url: https://git.example.com/downstream/app
       - name: lib3
         path: libraries/lib3
         url: https://git.example.com/downstream/lib3
       - name: mainline-app                   # imported
         path: examples/app
         url: https://git.example.com/mainline/app
       - name: lib2                           # imported
         path: libraries/lib2
         url: https://git.example.com/mainline/lib2

If an allowlist had not been used, the ``lib`` project from the mainline
manifest would have been imported.

.. _west-manifest-ex3.2:

Example 3.2: Downstream with path allowlist
-------------------------------------------

Here is an example showing how to allowlist mainline's libraries only,
using ``path-allowlist``.

.. code-block:: yaml

   # mainline west.yml:
   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: app
         path: examples/app
         url: https://git.example.com/mainline/app
       - name: lib
         path: libraries/lib                  # included
         url: https://git.example.com/mainline/lib
       - name: lib2
         path: libraries/lib2                 # included
         url: https://git.example.com/mainline/lib2

   # downstream west.yml:
   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: mainline
         url: https://git.example.com/mainline/manifest
         import:
           path-allowlist: libraries/*
       - name: app
         url: https://git.example.com/downstream/app
       - name: lib3
         path: libraries/lib3
         url: https://git.example.com/downstream/lib3

An equivalent manifest in a single file would be:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: lib                          # imported
         path: libraries/lib
         url: https://git.example.com/mainline/lib
       - name: lib2                         # imported
         path: libraries/lib2
         url: https://git.example.com/mainline/lib2
       - name: mainline
         url: https://git.example.com/mainline/manifest
       - name: app
         url: https://git.example.com/downstream/app
       - name: lib3
         path: libraries/lib3
         url: https://git.example.com/downstream/lib3

.. _west-manifest-ex3.3:

Example 3.3: Downstream with path blocklist
-------------------------------------------

Here's an example showing how to block all vendor HALs from mainline by
common path prefix in the workspace, add your own version for the chip
you're targeting, and keep everything else.

.. code-block:: yaml

   # mainline west.yml:
   manifest:
     defaults:
       remote: mainline
     remotes:
       - name: mainline
         url-base: https://git.example.com/mainline
     projects:
       - name: app
       - name: lib
         path: libraries/lib
       - name: lib2
         path: libraries/lib2
       - name: hal_foo
         path: modules/hals/foo     # excluded
       - name: hal_bar
         path: modules/hals/bar     # excluded
       - name: hal_baz
         path: modules/hals/baz     # excluded

   # downstream west.yml:
   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: mainline
         url: https://git.example.com/mainline/manifest
         import:
           path-blocklist: modules/hals/*
       - name: hal_foo
         path: modules/hals/foo
         url: https://git.example.com/downstream/hal_foo

An equivalent manifest in a single file would be:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     defaults:
       remote: mainline
     remotes:
       - name: mainline
         url-base: https://git.example.com/mainline
     projects:
       - name: app                  # imported
       - name: lib                  # imported
         path: libraries/lib
       - name: lib2                 # imported
         path: libraries/lib2
       - name: mainline
         repo-path: https://git.example.com/mainline/manifest
       - name: hal_foo
         path: modules/hals/foo
         url: https://git.example.com/downstream/hal_foo

.. _west-manifest-ex3.4:

Example 3.4: Import into a subdirectory
---------------------------------------

You want to import a manifest and its projects, placing everything into a
subdirectory of your :term:`west workspace`.

For example, suppose you want to import this manifest from project ``foo``,
adding this project and its projects ``bar`` and ``baz`` to your workspace:

.. code-block:: yaml

   # foo/west.yml:
   manifest:
     defaults:
       remote: example
     remotes:
       - name: example
         url-base: https://git.example.com
     projects:
       - name: bar
       - name: baz

Instead of importing these into the top level workspace, you want to place all
three project repositories in an :file:`external-code` subdirectory, like this:

.. code-block:: none

   workspace/
   └── external-code/
       ├── foo/
       ├── bar/
       └── baz/

You can do this using this manifest:

.. code-block:: yaml

   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: foo
         url: https://git.example.com/foo
         import:
           path-prefix: external-code

An equivalent manifest in a single file would be:

.. code-block:: yaml

   # foo/west.yml:
   manifest:
     defaults:
       remote: example
     remotes:
       - name: example
         url-base: https://git.example.com
     projects:
       - name: foo
         path: external-code/foo
       - name: bar
         path: external-code/bar
       - name: baz
         path: external-code/baz

.. _west-manifest-import-seq:

Option 4: Sequence
==================

The ``import`` key can also contain a sequence of files, directories,
and mappings.

.. _west-manifest-ex4.1:

Example 4.1: Downstream with sequence of manifest files
-------------------------------------------------------

This example manifest is equivalent to the manifest in
:ref:`west-manifest-ex2.2`, with a sequence of explicitly named files.

.. code-block:: yaml

   # my-repo/west.yml:
   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: zephyr
         url: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr
         import: west.yml
     self:
       import:
         - submanifests/01-libraries.yml
         - submanifests/02-vendor-hals.yml
         - submanifests/03-applications.yml

.. _west-manifest-ex4.2:

Example 4.2: Import order illustration
--------------------------------------

This more complicated example shows the order that west imports manifest files:

.. code-block:: yaml

   # my-repo/west.yml
   manifest:
     # ...
     projects:
       - name: my-library
       - name: my-app
       - name: zephyr
         import: true
       - name: another-manifest-repo
         import: submanifests
     self:
       import:
         - submanifests/libraries.yml
         - submanifests/vendor-hals.yml
         - submanifests/applications.yml
     defaults:
       remote: my-remote

For this example, west resolves imports in this order:

#. the listed files in :file:`my-repo/submanifests` are first, in the order
   they occur (e.g. :file:`libraries.yml` comes before
   :file:`applications.yml`, since this is a sequence of files), since the
   ``self: import:`` is always imported first
#. :file:`my-repo/west.yml` is next (with projects ``my-library`` etc. as long
   as they weren't already defined somewhere in :file:`submanifests`)
#. :file:`zephyr/west.yml` is after that, since that's the first ``import`` key
   in the ``projects`` list in :file:`my-repo/west.yml`
#. files in :file:`another-manifest-repo/submanifests` are last (sorted by file
   name), since that's the final project ``import``

.. _west-manifest-formal:

Manifest Import Details
=======================

This section describes how west resolves a manifest file that uses ``import`` a
bit more formally.

Overview
--------

The ``import`` key can appear in a west manifest's ``projects`` and ``self``
sections. The general case looks like this:

.. code-block:: yaml

   # Top-level manifest file.
   manifest:
     projects:
       - name: foo
         import: import-1
       - name: bar
         import: import-2
       # ...
       - name: baz
         import: import-N
     self:
       import: self-import

Import keys are optional. If any of ``import-1, ..., import-N`` are missing,
west will not import additional manifest data from that project. If
``self-import`` is missing, no additional files in the manifest repository
(beyond the top-level file) are imported.

The ultimate outcomes of resolving manifest imports are:

- a ``projects`` list, which is produced by combining the ``projects`` defined
  in the top-level file with those defined in imported files

- a set of extension commands, which are drawn from the the ``west-commands``
  keys in in the top-level file and any imported files

- a ``group-filter`` list, which is produced by combining the top-level and any
  imported filters

Importing is done in this order:

#. Manifests from ``self-import`` are imported first.
#. The top-level manifest file's definitions are handled next.
#. Manifests from ``import-1``, ..., ``import-N``, are imported in that order.

When an individual ``import`` key refers to multiple manifest files, they are
processed in this order:

- If the value is a relative path naming a directory (or a map whose ``file``
  is a directory), the manifest files it contains are processed in
  lexicographic order -- i.e., sorted by file name.
- If the value is a sequence, its elements are recursively imported in the
  order they appear.

This process recurses if necessary. E.g., if ``import-1`` produces a manifest
file that contains an ``import`` key, it is resolved recursively using the same
rules before its contents are processed further.

Projects
--------

This section describes how the final ``projects`` list is created.

Projects are identified by name. If the same name occurs in multiple manifests,
the first definition is used, and subsequent definitions are ignored. For
example, if ``import-1`` contains a project named ``bar``, that is ignored,
because the top-level :file:`west.yml` has already defined a project by that
name.

The contents of files named by ``import-1`` through ``import-N`` are imported
from Git at the latest ``manifest-rev`` revisions in their projects. These
revisions can be updated to the values ``rev-1`` through ``rev-N`` by running
``west update``. If any ``manifest-rev`` reference is missing or out of date,
``west update`` also fetches project data from the remote fetch URL and updates
the reference.

Also note that all imported manifests, from the root manifest to the repository
which defines a project ``P``, must be up to date in order for west to update
``P`` itself. For example, this means ``west update P`` would update
``manifest-rev`` in the ``baz`` project if :file:`baz/west.yml` defines ``P``,
as well as updating the ``manifest-rev`` branch in the local git clone of
``P``. Confusingly, updating ``baz`` may result in the removal of ``P``
from :file:`baz/west.yml`, which "should" cause ``west update P`` to fail with an
unrecognized project!

For this reason, it's not possible to run ``west update P`` if ``P`` is defined
in an imported manifest; you must update this project along with all the others
with a plain ``west update``.

By default, west won't fetch any project data over the network if a project's
revision is a SHA or tag which is already available locally, so updating the
extra projects shouldn't take too much time unless it's really needed. See the
documentation for the :ref:`update.fetch <west-config-index>` configuration
option for more information.

Extensions
----------

All extension commands defined using ``west-commands`` keys discovered while
handling imports are available in the resolved manifest.

If an imported manifest file has a ``west-commands:`` definition in its
``self:`` section, the extension commands defined there are added to the set of
available extensions at the time the manifest is imported. They will thus take
precedence over any extension commands with the same names added later on.

Group filters
-------------

The resolved manifest has a ``group-filter`` value which is the result of
concatenating the ``group-filter`` values in the top-level manifest and any
imported manifests.

Manifest files which appear earlier in the import order have higher precedence
and are therefore concatenated later into the final ``group-filter``.

In other words, let:

- the submanifest resolved from ``self-import`` have group filter ``self-filter``
- the top-level manifest file have group filter ``top-filter``
- the submanifests resolved from ``import-1`` through ``import-N`` have group
  filters ``filter-1`` through ``filter-N`` respectively

The final resolved ``group-filter`` value is then ``filter1 + filter-2 + ... +
filter-N + top-filter + self-filter``, where ``+`` here refers to list
concatenation.

.. important::

   The order that filters appear in the above list matters.

   The last filter element in the final concatenated list "wins" and determines
   if the group is enabled or disabled.

For example, in ``[-foo] + [+foo]``, group ``foo`` is *enabled*.
However, in ``[+foo] + [-foo]``, group ``foo`` is *disabled*.

For simplicity, west and this documentation may elide concatenated group filter
elements which are redundant using these rules. For example, ``[+foo] +
[-foo]`` could be written more simply as ``[-foo]``, for the reasons given
above. As another example, ``[-foo] + [+foo]`` could be written as the empty
list ``[]``, since all groups are enabled by default.

.. _west-manifest-cmd:

Manifest Command
****************

The ``west manifest`` command can be used to manipulate manifest files.
It takes an action, and action-specific arguments.

The following sections describe each action and provides a basic signature for
simple uses. Run ``west manifest --help`` for full details on all options.

.. _west-manifest-resolve:

Resolving Manifests
===================

The ``--resolve`` action outputs a single manifest file equivalent to your
current manifest and all its :ref:`imported manifests <west-manifest-import>`:

.. code-block:: none

   west manifest --resolve [-o outfile]

The main use for this action is to see the "final" manifest contents after
performing any ``import``\ s.

To print detailed information about each imported manifest file and how
projects are handled during manifest resolution, set the maximum verbosity
level using ``-v``:

.. code-block:: console

   west -v manifest --resolve

Freezing Manifests
==================

The ``--freeze`` action outputs a frozen manifest:

.. code-block:: none

   west manifest --freeze [-o outfile]

A "frozen" manifest is a manifest file where every project's revision is a SHA.
You can use ``--freeze`` to produce a frozen manifest that's equivalent to your
current manifest file. The ``-o`` option specifies an output file; if not
given, standard output is used.

Validating Manifests
====================

The ``--validate`` action either succeeds if the current manifest file is valid,
or fails with an error:

.. code-block:: none

   west manifest --validate

The error message can help diagnose errors.

.. _west-manifest-path:

Get the manifest path
=====================

The ``--path`` action prints the path to the top level manifest file:

.. code-block:: none

   west manifest --path

The output is something like ``/path/to/workspace/west.yml``. The path format
depends on your operating system.