.. _adafruit_grand_central_m4_express:

Adafruit Grand Central M4 Express
#################################

Overview
********

The Adafruit Grand Central M4 Express is an ARM development board with the
form factor of an Arduino Mega.
It features 70 GPIO pins, a microSDHC slot and 8MiB of QSPI Flash.

.. figure:: img/adafruit_grand_central_m4_express.webp
   :width: 800px
   :align: center
   :alt: Adafruit Grand Central M4 Express

   Adafruit Grand Central M4 Express (Credit: Kattni Rembor / Adafruit)

Hardware
********

- ATSAMD51P20A ARM Cortex-M4F processor at 120 MHz
- 1024 KiB of flash memory and 256 KiB of RAM
- 8 MiB of QSPI flash
- A red user LED
- A RGB "NeoPixel" / WS2812B LED
- A microSDHC slot (connected via SPI)
- Native USB port

Supported Features
==================

The adafruit_grand_central_m4_express board configuration supports the following
hardware features:

+-----------+------------+------------------------------------------+
| Interface | Controller | Driver/Component                         |
+===========+============+==========================================+
| NVIC      | on-chip    | Nested vector interrupt controller       |
+-----------+------------+------------------------------------------+
| SYSTICK   | on-chip    | SysTick                                  |
+-----------+------------+------------------------------------------+
| WDT       | on-chip    | Watchdog                                 |
+-----------+------------+------------------------------------------+
| GPIO      | on-chip    | I/O ports, User LED                      |
+-----------+------------+------------------------------------------+
| UART      | on-chip    | Serial ports, Console                    |
+-----------+------------+------------------------------------------+
| SPI       | on-chip    | SPI ports, microSDHC slot                |
+-----------+------------+------------------------------------------+
| TRNG      | on-chip    | True Random Number Generator             |
+-----------+------------+------------------------------------------+
| RTC       | on-chip    | Real-Time Counter                        |
+-----------+------------+------------------------------------------+
| USB       | on-chip    | USB device                               |
+-----------+------------+------------------------------------------+
| WDT       | on-chip    | Watchdog Timer                           |
+-----------+------------+------------------------------------------+

Other hardware features are not currently supported by Zephyr.

The default configuration can be found in the Kconfig file
:zephyr_file:`boards/adafruit/grand_central_m4_express/adafruit_grand_central_m4_express_defconfig`.

Connections and IOs
===================

The `Adafruit Learning System`_ has detailed information about
the board including `pinouts`_ and the `schematics`_.

System Clock
============

The SAMD51 MCU is configured to use the 32.768 kHz external oscillator
with the on-chip PLL generating the 120 MHz system clock.

Serial Port
===========

The SAMD51 MCU has 8 SERCOM based UARTs. On the Grand Central, SERCOM0 is
the Zephyr console and is available on RX(PB25) and TX(PB24).

SPI Port
========

The SAMD51 MCU has 8 SERCOM based SPIs. On the Grand Central, SERCOM7 has been
set into SPI mode to connect to devices over the SCK(PD09), MOSI(PD08), and MISO(PD11) pins.
Additionally SERCOM2 has been configured as SPI to access the microSDHC card.

I2C Port
========

The SAMD51 MCU has 8 SERCOM based I2Cs. On the Grand Central, SERCOM3 has been
configured as I2C to connect to devices over the SCL(PB21) and SDA(PB20) pins.

USB Device Port
===============

The SAMD51 MCU has a USB device port that can be used to communicate
with a host PC.  See the :ref:`usb-samples` sample applications for
more, such as the :zephyr:code-sample:`usb-cdc-acm` sample which sets up a virtual
serial port that echos characters back to the host PC.

Programming and Debugging
*************************

The Grand Central ships with a BOSSA compatible UF2 bootloader.
The bootloader can be entered by quickly tapping the reset button twice.

Flashing
========

#. Build the Zephyr kernel and the :ref:`hello_world` sample application:

   .. zephyr-app-commands::
      :zephyr-app: samples/hello_world
      :board: adafruit_grand_central_m4_express
      :goals: build
      :compact:

#. Connect the Grand Central to your host computer using USB.

#. Connect a 3.3 V USB to serial adapter to the board and to the
   host.  See the `Serial Port`_ section above for the board's pin
   connections.

#. Run your favorite terminal program to listen for output. Under Linux the
   terminal should be :code:`/dev/ttyUSB0`. For example:

   .. code-block:: console

      $ minicom -D /dev/ttyUSB0 -o

   The -o option tells minicom not to send the modem initialization
   string. Connection should be configured as follows:

   - Speed: 115200
   - Data: 8 bits
   - Parity: None
   - Stop bits: 1

#. Tap the reset button twice quickly to enter bootloader mode

#. Flash the image:

   .. zephyr-app-commands::
      :zephyr-app: samples/hello_world
      :board: adafruit_grand_central_m4_express
      :goals: flash
      :compact:

   You should see "Hello World! adafruit_grand_central_m4_express" in your terminal.

Debugging
=========

In addition to the built-in bootloader, the Grand Central can be flashed and
debugged using a SWD probe such as the Segger J-Link.

#. Connect the probe to the board using the 10-pin SWD interface.

#. Flash the image:

   .. zephyr-app-commands::
      :zephyr-app: samples/hello_world
      :board: adafruit_grand_central_m4_express
      :goals: flash
      :flash-args: -r openocd
      :compact:

#. Start debugging:

   .. zephyr-app-commands::
      :zephyr-app: samples/hello_world
      :board: adafruit_grand_central_m4_express
      :goals: debug
      :compact:

References
**********

.. target-notes::

.. _Adafruit Learning System:
    https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-grand-central

.. _pinouts:
    https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-grand-central/pinouts

.. _schematics:
    https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-grand-central/downloads

.. _J-Link:
    https://www.segger.com/products/debug-probes/j-link/technology/interface-description/