.. _flash-debug-host-tools:

Flash & Debug Host Tools
########################

This guide describes the software tools you can run on your host workstation to
flash and debug Zephyr applications.

Zephyr's west tool has built-in support for all of these in its ``flash``,
``debug``, ``debugserver``, and ``attach`` commands, provided your board
hardware supports them and your Zephyr board directory's :file:`board.cmake`
file declares that support properly. See :ref:`west-build-flash-debug` for
more information on these commands.

.. _atmel_sam_ba_bootloader:

SAM Boot Assistant (SAM-BA)
***************************

Atmel SAM Boot Assistant (Atmel SAM-BA) allows In-System Programming (ISP)
from USB or UART host without any external programming interface.  Zephyr
allows users to develop and program boards with SAM-BA support using
:ref:`west <west-flashing>`.  Zephyr supports devices with/without ROM
bootloader and both extensions from Arduino and Adafruit. Full support was
introduced in Zephyr SDK 0.12.0.

The typical command to flash the board is:

.. code-block:: console

	west flash [ -r bossac ] [ -p /dev/ttyX ]

Flash configuration for devices:

.. tabs::

    .. tab:: With ROM bootloader

        These devices don't need any special configuration.  After building your
        application, just run ``west flash`` to flash the board.

    .. tab:: Without ROM bootloader

        For these devices, the user should:

        1. Define flash partitions required to accommodate the bootloader and
           application image; see :ref:`flash_map_api` for details.
        2. Have board :file:`.defconfig` file with the
           :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_USE_DT_CODE_PARTITION` Kconfig option set to ``y`` to
           instruct the build system to use these partitions for code relocation.
           This option can also be set in ``prj.conf`` or any other Kconfig fragment.
        3. Build and flash the SAM-BA bootloader on the device.

    .. tab:: With compatible SAM-BA bootloader

        For these devices, the user should:

        1. Define flash partitions required to accommodate the bootloader and
           application image; see :ref:`flash_map_api` for details.
        2. Have board :file:`.defconfig` file with the
           :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_BOOTLOADER_BOSSA` Kconfig option set to ``y``.  This will
           automatically select the :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_USE_DT_CODE_PARTITION` Kconfig
           option which instruct the build system to use these partitions for code
           relocation.  The board :file:`.defconfig` file should have
           :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_BOOTLOADER_BOSSA_ARDUINO` ,
           :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_BOOTLOADER_BOSSA_ADAFRUIT_UF2` or the
           :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_BOOTLOADER_BOSSA_LEGACY` Kconfig option set to ``y``
           to select the right compatible SAM-BA bootloader mode.
           These options can also be set in ``prj.conf`` or any other Kconfig fragment.
        3. Build and flash the SAM-BA bootloader on the device.

.. note::

    The :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_BOOTLOADER_BOSSA_LEGACY` Kconfig option should be used
    as last resource.  Try configure first with Devices without ROM bootloader.


Typical flash layout and configuration
--------------------------------------

For bootloaders that reside on flash, the devicetree partition layout is
mandatory.  For devices that have a ROM bootloader, they are mandatory when
the application uses a storage or other non-application partition.  In this
special case, the boot partition should be omitted and code_partition should
start from offset 0.  It is necessary to define the partitions with sizes that
avoid overlaps, always.

A typical flash layout for devices without a ROM bootloader is:

.. code-block:: devicetree

	/ {
		chosen {
			zephyr,code-partition = &code_partition;
		};
	};

	&flash0 {
		partitions {
			compatible = "fixed-partitions";
			#address-cells = <1>;
			#size-cells = <1>;

			boot_partition: partition@0 {
				label = "sam-ba";
				reg = <0x00000000 0x2000>;
				read-only;
			};

			code_partition: partition@2000 {
				label = "code";
				reg = <0x2000 0x3a000>;
				read-only;
			};

			/*
			* The final 16 KiB is reserved for the application.
			* Storage partition will be used by FCB/LittleFS/NVS
			* if enabled.
			*/
			storage_partition: partition@3c000 {
				label = "storage";
				reg = <0x0003c000 0x00004000>;
			};
		};
	};

A typical flash layout for devices with a ROM bootloader and storage
partition is:

.. code-block:: devicetree

	/ {
		chosen {
			zephyr,code-partition = &code_partition;
		};
	};

	&flash0 {
		partitions {
			compatible = "fixed-partitions";
			#address-cells = <1>;
			#size-cells = <1>;

			code_partition: partition@0 {
				label = "code";
				reg = <0x0 0xF0000>;
				read-only;
			};

			/*
			* The final 64 KiB is reserved for the application.
			* Storage partition will be used by FCB/LittleFS/NVS
			* if enabled.
			*/
			storage_partition: partition@F0000 {
				label = "storage";
				reg = <0x000F0000 0x00100000>;
			};
		};
	};


Enabling SAM-BA runner
----------------------

In order to instruct Zephyr west tool to use the SAM-BA bootloader the
:file:`board.cmake` file must have
``include(${ZEPHYR_BASE}/boards/common/bossac.board.cmake)`` entry.  Note that
Zephyr tool accept more entries to define multiple runners.  By default, the
first one will be selected when using ``west flash`` command.  The remaining
options are available passing the runner option, for instance
``west flash -r bossac``.


More implementation details can be found in the :ref:`boards` documentation.
As a quick reference, see these three board documentation pages:

  - :ref:`sam4e_xpro` (ROM bootloader)
  - :ref:`adafruit_feather_m0_basic_proto` (Adafruit UF2 bootloader)
  - :ref:`arduino_nano_33_iot` (Arduino bootloader)
  - :ref:`arduino_nano_33_ble` (Arduino legacy bootloader)

Enabling BOSSAC on Windows Native [Experimental]
------------------------------------------------

Zephyr SDK´s bossac is currently supported on Linux and macOS only. Windows support
can be achieved by using the bossac version from `BOSSA official releases`_.
After installing using default options, the :file:`bossac.exe` must be added to
Windows PATH. A specific bossac executable can be used by passing the
``--bossac`` option, as follows:

.. code-block:: console

    west flash -r bossac --bossac="C:\Program Files (x86)\BOSSA\bossac.exe" --bossac-port="COMx"

.. note::

   WSL is not currently supported.


.. _linkserver-debug-host-tools:

LinkServer Debug  Host Tools
****************************

Linkserver is a utility for launching and managing GDB servers for NXP debug probes,
which also provides a command-line target flash programming capabilities.
Linkserver can be used with the `NXP MCUXpresso for Visual Studio Code`_ implementation,
with custom debug configurations based on GNU tools or as part of a headless solution
for continuous integration and test. LinkServer can be used with MCU-Link, LPC-Link2,
LPC11U35-based and OpenSDA based standalone or on-board debug probes from NXP.

NXP recommends installing LinkServer by using NXP's `MCUXpresso Installer`_.
This method will also install the tools supporting the debug probes below,
including NXP's MCU-Link and LPCScrypt tools.

LinkServer is compatible with the following debug probes:

- :ref:`lpclink2-cmsis-onboard-debug-probe`
- :ref:`mcu-link-cmsis-onboard-debug-probe`
- :ref:`opensda-daplink-onboard-debug-probe`

Supported west commands:

1. flash
#. debug
#. debugserver
#. attach

Notes:


1. Probes can be listed with LinkServer:

.. code-block:: console

   LinkServer probes

2. With multiple debug probes attached to the host, use the
LinkServer west runner   ``--probe`` option to pass the probe index.

.. code-block:: console

   west flash --runner=linkserver --probe=3

3. Device-specific settings can be overridden with the west runner for LinkServer with
   the option '--override'. May be used multiple times. The format is dictated
   by LinkServer, e.g.:

.. code-block:: console

   west flash --runner=linkserver --override /device/memory/5/flash-driver=MIMXRT500_SFDP_MXIC_OSPI_S.cfx

.. _jlink-debug-host-tools:

J-Link Debug Host Tools
***********************

Segger provides a suite of debug host tools for Linux, macOS, and Windows
operating systems:

- J-Link GDB Server: GDB remote debugging
- J-Link Commander: Command-line control and flash programming
- RTT Viewer: RTT terminal input and output
- SystemView: Real-time event visualization and recording

These debug host tools are compatible with the following debug probes:

- :ref:`lpclink2-jlink-onboard-debug-probe`
- :ref:`opensda-jlink-onboard-debug-probe`
- :ref:`mcu-link-jlink-onboard-debug-probe`
- :ref:`jlink-external-debug-probe`
- :ref:`stlink-v21-onboard-debug-probe`

Check if your SoC is listed in `J-Link Supported Devices`_.

Download and install the `J-Link Software and Documentation Pack`_ to get the
J-Link GDB Server and Commander, and to install the associated USB device
drivers. RTT Viewer and SystemView can be downloaded separately, but are not
required.

Note that the J-Link GDB server does not yet support Zephyr RTOS-awareness.

.. _openocd-debug-host-tools:

OpenOCD Debug Host Tools
************************

OpenOCD is a community open source project that provides GDB remote debugging
and flash programming support for a wide range of SoCs. A fork that adds Zephyr
RTOS-awareness is included in the Zephyr SDK; otherwise see `Getting OpenOCD`_
for options to download OpenOCD from official repositories.

These debug host tools are compatible with the following debug probes:

- :ref:`opensda-daplink-onboard-debug-probe`
- :ref:`jlink-external-debug-probe`
- :ref:`stlink-v21-onboard-debug-probe`

Check if your SoC is listed in `OpenOCD Supported Devices`_.

.. note:: On Linux, openocd is available though the `Zephyr SDK
   <https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/sdk-ng/releases>`_.
   Windows users should use the following steps to install
   openocd:

   - Download openocd for Windows from here: `OpenOCD Windows`_
   - Copy bin and share dirs to ``C:\Program Files\OpenOCD\``
   - Add ``C:\Program Files\OpenOCD\bin`` to 'PATH' environment variable

.. _pyocd-debug-host-tools:

pyOCD Debug Host Tools
**********************

pyOCD is an open source project from Arm that provides GDB remote debugging and
flash programming support for Arm Cortex-M SoCs. It is distributed on PyPi and
installed when you complete the :ref:`gs_python_deps` step in the Getting
Started Guide. pyOCD includes support for Zephyr RTOS-awareness.

These debug host tools are compatible with the following debug probes:

- :ref:`opensda-daplink-onboard-debug-probe`
- :ref:`stlink-v21-onboard-debug-probe`

Check if your SoC is listed in `pyOCD Supported Devices`_.

.. _lauterbach-trace32-debug-host-tools:

Lauterbach TRACE32 Debug Host Tools
***********************************

`Lauterbach TRACE32`_ is a product line of microprocessor development tools,
debuggers and real-time tracer with support for JTAG, SWD, NEXUS or ETM over
multiple core architectures, including Arm Cortex-A/-R/-M, RISC-V, Xtensa, etc.
Zephyr allows users to develop and program boards with Lauterbach TRACE32
support using :ref:`west <west-flashing>`.

The runner consists of a wrapper around TRACE32 software, and allows a Zephyr
board to execute a custom start-up script (Practice Script) for the different
commands supported, including the ability to pass extra arguments from CMake.
Is up to the board using this runner to define the actions performed on each
command.

Install Lauterbach TRACE32 Software
-----------------------------------

Download Lauterbach TRACE32 software from the `Lauterbach TRACE32 download website`_
(registration required) and follow the installation steps described in
`Lauterbach TRACE32 Installation Guide`_.

Flashing and Debugging
----------------------

Set the :ref:`environment variable <env_vars>` :envvar:`T32_DIR` to the TRACE32
system directory. Then execute ``west flash`` or ``west debug`` commands to
flash or debug the Zephyr application as detailed in :ref:`west-build-flash-debug`.
The ``debug`` command launches TRACE32 GUI to allow debug the Zephyr
application, while the ``flash`` command hides the GUI and perform all
operations in the background.

By default, the ``t32`` runner will launch TRACE32 using the default
configuration file named ``config.t32`` located in the TRACE32 system
directory. To use a different configuration file, supply the argument
``--config CONFIG`` to the runner, for example:

.. code-block:: console

	west flash --config myconfig.t32

For more options, run ``west flash --context -r t32`` to print the usage.

Zephyr RTOS Awareness
---------------------

To enable Zephyr RTOS awareness follow the steps described in
`Lauterbach TRACE32 Zephyr OS Awareness Manual`_.


.. _J-Link Software and Documentation Pack:
   https://www.segger.com/downloads/jlink/#J-LinkSoftwareAndDocumentationPack

.. _J-Link Supported Devices:
   https://www.segger.com/downloads/supported-devices.php

.. _Getting OpenOCD:
   https://openocd.org/pages/getting-openocd.html

.. _OpenOCD Supported Devices:
   https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/openocd/tree/latest/tcl/target

.. _pyOCD Supported Devices:
   https://github.com/pyocd/pyOCD/tree/main/pyocd/target/builtin

.. _OpenOCD Windows:
    http://gnutoolchains.com/arm-eabi/openocd/

.. _Lauterbach TRACE32:
    https://www.lauterbach.com/

.. _Lauterbach TRACE32 download website:
   http://www.lauterbach.com/download_trace32.html

.. _Lauterbach TRACE32 Installation Guide:
   https://www2.lauterbach.com/pdf/installation.pdf

.. _Lauterbach TRACE32 Zephyr OS Awareness Manual:
	https://www2.lauterbach.com/pdf/rtos_zephyr.pdf

.. _BOSSA official releases:
	https://github.com/shumatech/BOSSA/releases

.. _NXP MCUXpresso for Visual Studio Code:
	https://www.nxp.com/design/software/development-software/mcuxpresso-software-and-tools-/mcuxpresso-for-visual-studio-code:MCUXPRESSO-VSC

.. _MCUXpresso Installer:
	https://www.nxp.com/lgfiles/updates/mcuxpresso/MCUXpressoInstaller.exe