fixed clipping issue and use gpio pac instead of using volatile regiser read/write
diff --git a/target/ast10x0/peripherals/scu/routing.rs b/target/ast10x0/peripherals/scu/routing.rs
index 784c206..2ebad91 100644
--- a/target/ast10x0/peripherals/scu/routing.rs
+++ b/target/ast10x0/peripherals/scu/routing.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 //! SCU routing and mux helpers for SPI monitor integration.
 
-use core::ptr::{read_volatile, write_volatile};
+use ast1060_pac as device;
 
 use super::registers::ScuRegisters;
 use super::types::{
@@ -17,36 +17,103 @@
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
 struct SpimGpioInfo {
-    scu_reg_addr: usize,
+    scu_register: SpimScuRegister,
     scu_bit_mask: u32,
-    gpio_addr: usize,
+    gpio_group: GpioGroup,
     gpio_bit_mask: u32,
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+enum SpimScuRegister {
+    Scu690,
+    Scu694,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+enum GpioGroup {
+    Abcd,
+    Efgh,
+}
+
+fn gpio_regs() -> &'static device::gpio::RegisterBlock {
+    // SAFETY: The PAC supplies the GPIO register block base address.
+    unsafe { &*device::Gpio::ptr() }
+}
+
+fn gpio_direction(group: GpioGroup) -> u32 {
+    match group {
+        GpioGroup::Abcd => gpio_regs().gpio004().read().bits(),
+        GpioGroup::Efgh => gpio_regs().gpio024().read().bits(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn gpio_set_direction(group: GpioGroup, mask: u32, output: bool) {
+    let update = |bits: u32| {
+        if output {
+            bits | mask
+        } else {
+            bits & !mask
+        }
+    };
+
+    match group {
+        GpioGroup::Abcd => gpio_regs()
+            .gpio004()
+            .modify(|r, w| unsafe { w.bits(update(r.bits())) }),
+        GpioGroup::Efgh => gpio_regs()
+            .gpio024()
+            .modify(|r, w| unsafe { w.bits(update(r.bits())) }),
+    };
+}
+
+fn gpio_set_data(group: GpioGroup, mask: u32, high: bool) {
+    let update = |bits: u32| {
+        if high {
+            bits | mask
+        } else {
+            bits & !mask
+        }
+    };
+
+    match group {
+        GpioGroup::Abcd => gpio_regs()
+            .gpio000()
+            .modify(|r, w| unsafe { w.bits(update(r.bits())) }),
+        GpioGroup::Efgh => gpio_regs()
+            .gpio020()
+            .modify(|r, w| unsafe { w.bits(update(r.bits())) }),
+    };
+}
+
+fn gpio_set_output(group: GpioGroup, mask: u32, high: bool) {
+    gpio_set_data(group, mask, high);
+    gpio_set_direction(group, mask, true);
+}
+
 // Literal translation of g_ast1060_spim_clk_gpio[] in spi_aspeed.c.
 const AST1060_SPIM_CLK_GPIO: [SpimGpioInfo; 4] = [
     SpimGpioInfo {
-        scu_reg_addr: 0x7e6e_2690,
+        scu_register: SpimScuRegister::Scu690,
         scu_bit_mask: 1 << 7,
-        gpio_addr: 0x7e78_0000,
+        gpio_group: GpioGroup::Abcd,
         gpio_bit_mask: 1 << 7,
     },
     SpimGpioInfo {
-        scu_reg_addr: 0x7e6e_2690,
+        scu_register: SpimScuRegister::Scu690,
         scu_bit_mask: 1 << 21,
-        gpio_addr: 0x7e78_0000,
+        gpio_group: GpioGroup::Abcd,
         gpio_bit_mask: 1 << 21,
     },
     SpimGpioInfo {
-        scu_reg_addr: 0x7e6e_2694,
+        scu_register: SpimScuRegister::Scu694,
         scu_bit_mask: 1 << 3,
-        gpio_addr: 0x7e78_0020,
+        gpio_group: GpioGroup::Efgh,
         gpio_bit_mask: 1 << 3,
     },
     SpimGpioInfo {
-        scu_reg_addr: 0x7e6e_2694,
+        scu_register: SpimScuRegister::Scu694,
         scu_bit_mask: 1 << 17,
-        gpio_addr: 0x7e78_0020,
+        gpio_group: GpioGroup::Efgh,
         gpio_bit_mask: 1 << 17,
     },
 ];
@@ -54,27 +121,27 @@
 // Literal translation of g_ast1060_spim_cs_gpio[] in spi_aspeed.c.
 const AST1060_SPIM_CS_GPIO: [SpimGpioInfo; 4] = [
     SpimGpioInfo {
-        scu_reg_addr: 0x7e6e_2690,
+        scu_register: SpimScuRegister::Scu690,
         scu_bit_mask: 1 << 1,
-        gpio_addr: 0x7e78_0000,
+        gpio_group: GpioGroup::Abcd,
         gpio_bit_mask: 1 << 6,
     },
     SpimGpioInfo {
-        scu_reg_addr: 0x7e6e_2690,
+        scu_register: SpimScuRegister::Scu690,
         scu_bit_mask: 1 << 20,
-        gpio_addr: 0x7e78_0000,
+        gpio_group: GpioGroup::Abcd,
         gpio_bit_mask: 1 << 20,
     },
     SpimGpioInfo {
-        scu_reg_addr: 0x7e6e_2694,
+        scu_register: SpimScuRegister::Scu694,
         scu_bit_mask: 1 << 2,
-        gpio_addr: 0x7e78_0020,
+        gpio_group: GpioGroup::Efgh,
         gpio_bit_mask: 1 << 2,
     },
     SpimGpioInfo {
-        scu_reg_addr: 0x7e6e_2694,
+        scu_register: SpimScuRegister::Scu694,
         scu_bit_mask: 1 << 16,
-        gpio_addr: 0x7e78_0020,
+        gpio_group: GpioGroup::Efgh,
         gpio_bit_mask: 1 << 16,
     },
 ];
@@ -92,6 +159,27 @@
 }
 
 impl ScuRegisters {
+    fn set_spim_pin_function(&self, pin: SpimGpioInfo, enabled: bool) {
+        let update = |bits: u32| {
+            if enabled {
+                bits | pin.scu_bit_mask
+            } else {
+                bits & !pin.scu_bit_mask
+            }
+        };
+
+        match pin.scu_register {
+            SpimScuRegister::Scu690 => self
+                .regs()
+                .scu690()
+                .modify(|r, w| unsafe { w.bits(update(r.bits())) }),
+            SpimScuRegister::Scu694 => self
+                .regs()
+                .scu694()
+                .modify(|r, w| unsafe { w.bits(update(r.bits())) }),
+        };
+    }
+
     /// Enable or disable passthrough for a SPI monitor instance. Uses SCU0F0[7:4].
     pub fn set_spim_passthrough(
         &self,
@@ -174,37 +262,18 @@
         let clk = AST1060_SPIM_CLK_GPIO[op_idx];
         let cs = AST1060_SPIM_CS_GPIO[op_idx];
         let mut clk_gpio_ori_val = [0u32; 4];
+        // Change the paired SPIM CLKOUT pin to GPIO mode.
+        self.set_spim_pin_function(clk, false);
 
-        unsafe {
-            // Change the paired SPIM CLKOUT pin to GPIO mode.
-            let mut reg_val = read_volatile(clk.scu_reg_addr as *const u32);
-            reg_val &= !clk.scu_bit_mask;
-            write_volatile(clk.scu_reg_addr as *mut u32, reg_val);
+        // Save its GPIO direction bit, then configure it as an input.
+        clk_gpio_ori_val[op_idx] = gpio_direction(clk.gpio_group) & clk.gpio_bit_mask;
+        gpio_set_direction(clk.gpio_group, clk.gpio_bit_mask, false);
 
-            // Save its GPIO direction bit, then configure it as an input.
-            let clk_dir_addr = (clk.gpio_addr + 0x4) as *mut u32;
-            reg_val = read_volatile(clk_dir_addr);
-            clk_gpio_ori_val[op_idx] = reg_val & clk.gpio_bit_mask;
-            reg_val &= !clk.gpio_bit_mask;
-            write_volatile(clk_dir_addr, reg_val);
+        // Drive the paired SPIM CSOUT GPIO high and configure it as output.
+        gpio_set_output(cs.gpio_group, cs.gpio_bit_mask, true);
 
-            // Drive the paired SPIM CSOUT GPIO high and configure it as output.
-            let cs_data_addr = cs.gpio_addr as *mut u32;
-            reg_val = read_volatile(cs_data_addr);
-            reg_val |= cs.gpio_bit_mask;
-            write_volatile(cs_data_addr, reg_val);
-
-            let cs_dir_addr = (cs.gpio_addr + 0x4) as *mut u32;
-            reg_val = read_volatile(cs_dir_addr);
-            reg_val |= cs.gpio_bit_mask;
-            write_volatile(cs_dir_addr, reg_val);
-
-            // Change the paired SPIM CSOUT pin to GPIO mode.
-            let cs_scu_addr = cs.scu_reg_addr as *mut u32;
-            reg_val = read_volatile(cs_scu_addr);
-            reg_val &= !cs.scu_bit_mask;
-            write_volatile(cs_scu_addr, reg_val);
-        }
+        // Change the paired SPIM CSOUT pin to GPIO mode.
+        self.set_spim_pin_function(cs, false);
 
         pw_log::debug!(
             "SPIM pre-config: op index {}, saved CLK direction mask 0x{:08x}",
@@ -225,7 +294,6 @@
         };
         let clk = AST1060_SPIM_CLK_GPIO[op_idx];
         let cs = AST1060_SPIM_CS_GPIO[op_idx];
-
         pw_log::debug!(
             "SPIM post-config: SCU0F0=0x{:08x}, op index {}, saved CLK direction mask 0x{:08x}",
             scu0f0 as u32,
@@ -233,25 +301,13 @@
             gpio_ori_val.clk_gpio_ori_val[op_idx] as u32
         );
 
-        unsafe {
-            // Restore the paired CLKOUT GPIO direction bit.
-            let clk_dir_addr = (clk.gpio_addr + 0x4) as *mut u32;
-            let mut reg_val = read_volatile(clk_dir_addr);
-            reg_val &= !clk.gpio_bit_mask;
-            reg_val |= gpio_ori_val.clk_gpio_ori_val[op_idx];
-            write_volatile(clk_dir_addr, reg_val);
+        // Restore the paired CLKOUT GPIO direction bit.
+        let was_output = gpio_ori_val.clk_gpio_ori_val[op_idx] != 0;
+        gpio_set_direction(clk.gpio_group, clk.gpio_bit_mask, was_output);
 
-            // Return paired CLKOUT and CSOUT pins to SPIM mode.
-            let clk_scu_addr = clk.scu_reg_addr as *mut u32;
-            reg_val = read_volatile(clk_scu_addr);
-            reg_val |= clk.scu_bit_mask;
-            write_volatile(clk_scu_addr, reg_val);
-
-            let cs_scu_addr = cs.scu_reg_addr as *mut u32;
-            reg_val = read_volatile(cs_scu_addr);
-            reg_val |= cs.scu_bit_mask;
-            write_volatile(cs_scu_addr, reg_val);
-        }
+        // Return paired CLKOUT and CSOUT pins to SPIM mode.
+        self.set_spim_pin_function(clk, true);
+        self.set_spim_pin_function(cs, true);
 
         pw_log::debug!("SPIM post-config: restore complete");
     }
diff --git a/target/ast10x0/peripherals/smc/controller.rs b/target/ast10x0/peripherals/smc/controller.rs
index 2867f9b..5f8139f 100644
--- a/target/ast10x0/peripherals/smc/controller.rs
+++ b/target/ast10x0/peripherals/smc/controller.rs
@@ -1,822 +1,822 @@
-// Licensed under the Apache-2.0 license

-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

-

-//! Generic SMC controller implementation

-

-use core::cell::UnsafeCell;

-use core::marker::PhantomData;

-

-use crate::smc::helpers::{

-    encode_fmc_segment, encode_spi_segment, flash_capacity_bytes, get_mid_point_of_longest_one,

-    spi_calibration_enable, spi_freq_div, total_capacity_bytes, validate_dma_read,

-    validate_mapped_range, SPI_CTRL_FREQ_MASK, SPI_DMA_CALC_CKSUM, SPI_DMA_CALIB_MODE,

-    SPI_DMA_ENABLE, SPI_DMA_RAM_MAP_BASE,

-};

-use crate::smc::interrupts::{SmcInterrupt, SmcInterruptDecoder};

-use crate::smc::registers::SmcRegisters;

-use crate::smc::types::*;

-

-/// Internal controller state

-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]

-enum SmcState {

-    /// Controller is initialized and idle — no operation in progress.

-    Idle,

-    /// A DMA transfer has been kicked and is in progress.

-    DmaInFlight,

-    /// Controller encountered an unrecoverable hardware fault.

-    Faulted,

-}

-

-const ASPEED_SPI_USER: u32 = 0x3;

-const ASPEED_SPI_USER_INACTIVE: u32 = 0x4;

-const ASPEED_SPI_NORMAL_READ: u32 = 0x1;

-pub const SPI_NOR_CMD_QREAD: u32 = 0x6B;

-pub const SPI_NOR_CMD_QREAD_4B: u32 = 0x6C;

-const SPI_NOR_4B_READ_THRESHOLD_BYTES: usize = 16 * 1024 * 1024;

-const SPI_NOR_ADDR_WIDTH_MASK: u32 = 0x11;

-const DMA_STATUS_RELEVANT_BITS: u32 = (1 << 11) | (1 << 10) | (1 << 9);

-/// Mask for bits that are not IO mode or mode-type fields — preserves

-/// frequency divisor and other config bits across per-phase ctrl writes.

-const SPI_CTRL_IO_MODE_MASK: u32 = !0x7000_0000;

-const SPI_CALIB_LEN: usize = 0x400;

-

-struct CalibrationScratch(UnsafeCell<[u8; SPI_CALIB_LEN]>);

-

-// Calibration runs during controller initialization with exclusive controller

-// ownership, so this scratch buffer is not accessed concurrently.

-unsafe impl Sync for CalibrationScratch {}

-

-static CALIBRATION_SCRATCH: CalibrationScratch =

-    CalibrationScratch(UnsafeCell::new([0; SPI_CALIB_LEN]));

-

-const fn spi_nor_qread_cmd_for_capacity(capacity_bytes: usize) -> u32 {

-    if capacity_bytes > SPI_NOR_4B_READ_THRESHOLD_BYTES {

-        SPI_NOR_CMD_QREAD_4B

-    } else {

-        SPI_NOR_CMD_QREAD

-    }

-}

-

-const fn spi_nor_uses_4b_addr(capacity_bytes: usize) -> bool {

-    capacity_bytes > SPI_NOR_4B_READ_THRESHOLD_BYTES

-}

-

-const fn spi_nor_addr_width_mask(cs: ChipSelect) -> u32 {

-    SPI_NOR_ADDR_WIDTH_MASK << (cs as u32)

-}

-

-const fn spi_nor_addr_width_reg(current: u32, cs: ChipSelect, use_4b: bool) -> u32 {

-    let mask = spi_nor_addr_width_mask(cs);

-    if use_4b {

-        current | mask

-    } else {

-        current & !mask

-    }

-}

-

-/// Type-state marker: controller is constructed but not initialized.

-pub struct Uninitialized;

-

-/// Type-state marker: controller has completed hardware initialization.

-pub struct Ready;

-

-/// Generic Static Memory Controller (SMC)

-///

-/// The `Mode` type parameter enforces init ordering at compile time.

-pub struct Smc<Mode> {

-    regs: SmcRegisters,

-    controller_id: SmcController,

-    config: SmcConfig,

-    state: SmcState,

-    /// Per-CS normal-read control register values stored at init time.

-    /// Indexed by `ChipSelect as usize`. Restored unconditionally after every

-    /// user-mode transaction, matching aspeed-rust `deactivate_user()` behavior.

-    normal_read_ctrl: [u32; 2],

-    /// Per-CS AHB flash window base addresses.

-    /// CS0 starts at `controller_id.flash_window_address()`;

-    /// CS1 starts immediately after the CS0 segment.

-    flash_window_base: [usize; 2],

-    _mode: PhantomData<fn() -> Mode>,

-}

-

-/// Ergonomic alias for the uninitialized controller handle.

-pub type UninitSmc = Smc<Uninitialized>;

-

-/// Ergonomic alias for the initialized controller handle.

-pub type ReadySmc = Smc<Ready>;

-

-impl Smc<Uninitialized> {

-    /// Create a new SMC controller instance.

-    ///

-    /// # Safety

-    /// Caller must ensure:

-    /// - No other Smc instance exists for this hardware controller

-    /// - The controller's base address points to valid hardware

-    pub unsafe fn new(config: SmcConfig) -> Result<Self, SmcError> {

-        if config.cs0.is_none() && config.cs1.is_none() {

-            return Err(SmcError::InvalidCapacity);

-        }

-

-        let base = config.controller_id.base_address() as *const _;

-        // SAFETY: Caller ensures base address is valid and no other instance exists.

-        let regs = unsafe { SmcRegisters::new(base) };

-

-        Ok(Self {

-            regs,

-            controller_id: config.controller_id,

-            config,

-            state: SmcState::Idle,

-            normal_read_ctrl: [0; 2],

-            flash_window_base: [0; 2],

-            _mode: PhantomData,

-        })

-    }

-

-    /// Initialize hardware and transition to `Ready` mode.

-    pub fn init(self) -> Result<Smc<Ready>, SmcError> {

-        // Phase 3: Topology-aware initialization

-        //

-        // The SmcTopology enum encodes the controller's role and master_idx:

-        // - BootSpi { master_idx }: Boot firmware path (typically FMC, master_idx=0)

-        // - HostSpi { master_idx }: Host BMC SPI path (typically SPI1, master_idx=0)

-        // - NormalSpi { master_idx }: Normal user SPI path (typically SPI2, master_idx=2)

-        //

-        // Topology gates behavior in setup_segments() and configure_timing():

-        // The topology is consulted via self.config.topology.

-

-        // 1. Configure flash types and write-enable per CS

-        let mut conf = 0u32;

-        if self.config.cs0.is_some() {

-            conf |= 1 << 16; // CONF_ENABLE_W0

-            conf |= 0x2 << 0; // FLASH_TYPE_SPI

-        }

-        if self.config.cs1.is_some() {

-            conf |= 1 << 17; // CONF_ENABLE_W1

-            conf |= 0x2 << 2; // FLASH_TYPE_SPI

-        }

-        self.regs.write_config(conf);

-

-        // 2. Set up segment addresses (memory mapping)

-        Self::setup_segments(&self)?;

-

-        // Snapshot per-CS normal-read control register values after all init writes.

-        // CS1 value is captured even if cs1 is None (safe: register read is harmless).

-        let cs0_normal_read = self.regs.read_cs0_ctrl();

-        let cs1_normal_read = self.regs.read_cs1_ctrl();

-

-        // Compute per-CS AHB flash window base addresses.

-        let base = self.controller_id.flash_window_address();

-        let cs0_size = flash_capacity_bytes(self.config.cs0).unwrap_or(0);

-        let flash_window_base = [base, base + cs0_size];

-

-        Ok(Smc {

-            regs: self.regs,

-            controller_id: self.controller_id,

-            config: self.config,

-            state: SmcState::Idle,

-            normal_read_ctrl: [cs0_normal_read, cs1_normal_read],

-            flash_window_base,

-            _mode: PhantomData,

-        })

-    }

-    fn encode_segment(&self, start: usize, end: usize) -> Result<u32, SmcError> {

-        match self.config.controller_id {

-            SmcController::Fmc => encode_fmc_segment(start, end),

-            SmcController::Spi1 | SmcController::Spi2 => encode_spi_segment(start, end),

-        }

-    }

-

-    fn setup_segments(&self) -> Result<(), SmcError> {

-        // Decode-range sizing is topology-aware.

-        //

-        // For BootSpi (FMC, master_idx=0): Full decode range from configured capacity.

-        //   Used for boot firmware; exclusive access to flash; no shared-bus concerns.

-        //

-        // For HostSpi / NormalSpi when master_idx != 0: Potential shared-bus topology.

-        //   When multiple masters multiplex a single SPI flash, decode ranges may need

-        //   to be restricted. Phase 3+ may implement decode_range_reinit logic keyed

-        //   on config.topology.master_idx() to prevent collisions.

-        //

-        // For now, all topologies use the full capacity from FlashConfig.

-        // Phase 3+: add conditional decode-range sizing based on topology + master_idx.

-

-        let cs0_size = flash_capacity_bytes(self.config.cs0)?;

-        let cs1_size = flash_capacity_bytes(self.config.cs1)?;

-        total_capacity_bytes(self.config.cs0, self.config.cs1)?;

-

-        if cs0_size > 0 {

-            let seg = self.encode_segment(0, cs0_size)?;

-            self.regs.write_cs0_segment(seg);

-        }

-

-        if cs1_size > 0 {

-            let seg = self.encode_segment(cs0_size, cs0_size + cs1_size)?;

-            self.regs.write_cs1_segment(seg);

-        }

-

-        Ok(())

-    }

-}

-

-impl Smc<Ready> {

-    /// Perform a programmed I/O read via memory window.

-    ///

-    /// Reads directly from the flash memory window. Hardware automatically

-    /// converts memory accesses to SPI transactions.

-    pub fn read(&self, cs: ChipSelect, offset: u32, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, SmcError> {

-        let cs_config = self.cs_config(cs)?;

-        let cs_capacity = flash_capacity_bytes(Some(cs_config))?;

-        let cs_idx = cs as usize;

-        let window = self.flash_window_base[cs_idx] as *const u8;

-        let offset = validate_mapped_range(offset, buf.len(), cs_capacity)?;

-        let flash_ptr = window.wrapping_add(offset);

-        pw_log::debug!(

-            "read: offset0x{:08x}, size:0x{:08x}, flash ptr:0x{:08x}",

-            offset as u32,

-            buf.len() as u32,

-            flash_ptr as u32

-        );

-        // SAFETY: `flash_ptr` is derived from the controller's fixed MMIO flash

-        // window using `wrapping_add`, which avoids imposing Rust allocation

-        // provenance rules on the raw address arithmetic itself. The actual read

-        // below requires the requested `[offset, offset + buf.len())` range to be

-        // backed by the controller's mapped flash aperture, and `buf` provides a

-        // valid, writable destination that does not overlap this MMIO window.

-        unsafe {

-            core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(flash_ptr, buf.as_mut_ptr(), buf.len());

-        }

-

-        Ok(buf.len())

-    }

-    #[inline(never)]

-    pub fn loop_delay(spin_cnt: u32) {

-        for _ in 0..spin_cnt {

-            core::hint::spin_loop();

-        }

-    }

-    /// Initiate a DMA read operation (non-blocking).

-    pub fn dma_read(

-        &mut self,

-        cs: ChipSelect,

-        flash_offset: u32,

-        dram_addr: usize,

-        len: u32,

-    ) -> Result<(), SmcError> {

-        if self.state != SmcState::Idle {

-            return Err(SmcError::ControllerNotReady);

-        }

-        if !self.config.dma_enabled {

-            return Err(SmcError::DmaNotEnabled);

-        }

-        if cs == ChipSelect::Cs1 && self.config.cs1.is_none() {

-            return Err(SmcError::InvalidChipSelect);

-        }

-        self.regs.disable_dma();

-        Self::loop_delay(0x1000);

-

-        let cs_config = self.cs_config(cs)?;

-        let cs_capacity = flash_capacity_bytes(Some(cs_config))?;

-        pw_log::debug!(

-            "flash_offset: 0x{:08x}, cs_cap: 0x{:08x}",

-            flash_offset as u32,

-            cs_capacity as u32

-        );

-        let cs_idx = cs as usize;

-

-        let validated = validate_dma_read(

-            flash_offset,

-            self.flash_window_base[cs_idx],

-            cs_capacity,

-            dram_addr,

-            len,

-        )?;

-        pw_log::debug!(

-            "flash start: 0x{:08x}, cs_cap: 0x{:08x}, dram_addr: 0x{:08x} len: 0x{:08x} ",

-            validated.flash_start as u32,

-            cs_capacity as u32,

-            validated.dram_addr as u32,

-            validated.dma_len_reg as u32

-        );

-

-        // Set CS0 control register to normal-read mode before programming DMA

-        // registers. The DMA engine reads the CSx control register to know which

-        // SPI command to issue; it must be in normal-read mode (not user mode)

-        // before the kick. Matches aspeed-rust fmccontroller.rs::read_dma

-        // ctrl construction: preserve frequency bits, set ASPEED_SPI_NORMAL_READ.

-        let cs_idx = cs as usize;

-        let ctrl_val = self.normal_read_ctrl[cs_idx] | ASPEED_SPI_NORMAL_READ;

-        self.regs.write_cs_ctrl(cs, ctrl_val);

-

-        // Acquire the DMA bus arbiter before programming any DMA registers.

-        // On SPI1/SPI2: writes SPI_DMA_GET_REQ_MAGIC and spins until DMAGrant

-        // (bit 30 of spi080) is set. On FMC: bits 20–31 are Reserved — the write

-        // is a no-op and the spin condition is immediately false. Safe to call

-        // unconditionally on all controllers, matching aspeed-rust's approach.

-        self.regs.acquire_dma_arbiter();

-        pw_log::debug!("acquired dma bus arbiter");

-        // Program DMA registers in the order used by aspeed-rust fmccontroller.rs::read_dma:

-        //   fmc084 = flash side DMA address (R_DMA_FLASH_ADDR)

-        //            = flash_window_base[cs] - SPI_DMA_FLASH_MAP_BASE + cs_offset

-        //            (computed in validate_dma_read)

-        //   fmc088 = DRAM/SRAM destination address (R_DMA_DRAM_ADDR)

-        //            = physical_sram_addr + SPI_DMA_RAM_MAP_BASE

-        //   fmc08c = transfer length - 1 (R_DMA_LEN)

-        self.regs.write_dma_flash_addr(validated.flash_start as u32);

-        self.regs

-            .write_dma_dram_addr(validated.dram_addr + SPI_DMA_RAM_MAP_BASE);

-        self.regs.write_dma_len(validated.dma_len_reg);

-

-        // Enable the completion IRQ before kicking DMA. QEMU evaluates

-        // INTR_CTRL_DMA_EN exactly once at DMA-done time

-        // (`aspeed_smc_dma_done` in qemu/hw/ssi/aspeed_smc.c) and won't

-        // re-fire the IRQ if the bit is set after the fact; aspeed-rust

-        // arms the IRQ before starting DMA for the same reason

-        // (`spicontroller.rs::read_dma`).

-        if self.config.enable_interrupts {

-            pw_log::debug!("enable dma irq");

-            self.regs.enable_dma_irq();

-        }

-

-        // Kick DMA via read-modify-write to preserve timing calibration

-        // bits (fmc080 bits 8-19), matching aspeed-rust fmccontroller.rs::read_dma.

-        pw_log::debug!("start dma read...");

-        self.regs.kick_dma_read();

-        self.state = SmcState::DmaInFlight;

-        Ok(())

-    }

-

-    /// Read raw DMA/interrupt status register bits (FMC008).

-    pub fn dma_status(&self) -> u32 {

-        self.regs.read_dma_status()

-    }

-

-    /// Clear DMA-related status bits in the status register (FMC008).

-    ///

-    /// `clear_mask` is write-1-to-clear and should contain only relevant bits.

-    pub fn clear_dma_status(&self, clear_mask: u32) {

-        self.regs

-            .clear_dma_status(clear_mask & DMA_STATUS_RELEVANT_BITS);

-    }

-

-    /// Decode status bits and transition controller state.

-    ///

-    /// Called by both `handle_dma_irq` (IRQ-driven) and `poll_dma_completion`

-    /// (polling). Assumes `status & DMA_STATUS_RELEVANT_BITS != 0`.

-    fn complete_dma(&mut self, status: u32) -> Result<SmcInterrupt, SmcError> {

-        let relevant = status & DMA_STATUS_RELEVANT_BITS;

-        let dma_in_flight = self.state == SmcState::DmaInFlight;

-        let decoded = SmcInterruptDecoder::decode_with_context(status, dma_in_flight);

-        self.clear_dma_status(relevant);

-

-        match decoded {

-            SmcInterrupt::DmaComplete => {

-                self.regs.disable_dma();

-                self.state = SmcState::Idle;

-                Ok(decoded)

-            }

-            SmcInterrupt::DmaError => {

-                self.regs.disable_dma();

-                self.state = SmcState::Idle;

-                Err(SmcError::DmaAborted)

-            }

-            SmcInterrupt::CommandAbort => {

-                self.state = SmcState::Faulted;

-                Err(SmcError::HardwareError)

-            }

-            SmcInterrupt::WriteProtected => {

-                self.state = SmcState::Faulted;

-                Err(SmcError::WriteProtected)

-            }

-            SmcInterrupt::Unknown => Err(SmcError::HardwareError),

-        }

-    }

-

-    /// Decode and complete an in-flight DMA operation from an IRQ event.

-    ///

-    /// Returns the decoded interrupt cause when a completion/error event was

-    /// observed and processed. If no relevant status bits are set, returns

-    /// `SmcError::ControllerNotReady` to indicate no completion work was found.

-    pub fn handle_dma_irq(&mut self) -> Result<SmcInterrupt, SmcError> {

-        self.regs.disable_dma_irq();

-        let status = self.dma_status();

-        pw_log::info!("SMC handle_dma_irq: status=0x{:08x}", status as u32);

-        if status & DMA_STATUS_RELEVANT_BITS == 0 {

-            return Err(SmcError::ControllerNotReady);

-        }

-        self.complete_dma(status)

-    }

-

-    /// Poll for DMA completion without requiring an IRQ.

-    ///

-    /// Returns `Poll::Pending` while the transfer is still in progress.

-    /// Returns `Poll::Ready(Ok(()))` on success or `Poll::Ready(Err(SmcError))`

-    /// on failure. Returns `Poll::Ready(Err(SmcError::ControllerNotReady))` if

-    /// no DMA is in flight.

-    ///

-    /// Suitable for spin-poll loops in contexts where `enable_interrupts` is

-    /// false (e.g., QEMU tests without an IRQ handler):

-    /// ```ignore

-    /// loop {

-    ///     match controller.poll_dma_completion() {

-    ///         Poll::Ready(result) => break result,

-    ///         Poll::Pending => {}

-    ///     }

-    /// }

-    /// ```

-    pub fn poll_dma_completion(&mut self) -> core::task::Poll<Result<(), SmcError>> {

-        if self.state != SmcState::DmaInFlight {

-            return core::task::Poll::Ready(Err(SmcError::ControllerNotReady));

-        }

-        let status = self.dma_status();

-        if status & DMA_STATUS_RELEVANT_BITS == 0 {

-            return core::task::Poll::Pending;

-        }

-        core::task::Poll::Ready(self.complete_dma(status).map(|_| ()))

-    }

-

-    pub fn poll_blocking_dma_completion(&self, timeout: u32) -> u32 {

-        let mut to = timeout;

-

-        while (self.regs.read_dma_status() & DMA_STATUS_RELEVANT_BITS) == 0 {

-            to -= 1;

-

-            if to == 0 {

-                return 0;

-            }

-        }

-        return to;

-    }

-    /// Check if controller is ready for operations.

-    pub fn is_ready(&self) -> bool {

-        self.state == SmcState::Idle

-    }

-

-    #[doc(hidden)]

-    pub fn test_force_dma_in_flight(&mut self) {

-        self.state = SmcState::DmaInFlight;

-    }

-

-    /// Get the controller identifier.

-    pub fn controller_id(&self) -> SmcController {

-        self.controller_id

-    }

-

-    /// Get the configured master ID for this controller topology.

-    pub fn master_idx(&self) -> u8 {

-        self.config.topology.master_idx()

-    }

-

-    /// Return configured total flash capacity for this controller in bytes.

-    pub fn capacity_bytes(&self) -> Result<usize, SmcError> {

-        total_capacity_bytes(self.config.cs0, self.config.cs1)

-    }

-

-    /// Return configured flash capacity in bytes for the given chip select.

-    ///

-    /// Returns `SmcError::InvalidChipSelect` if the slot was not populated

-    /// at construction time. Used by the device facade to bounds-check

-    /// per-CS reads and to compute per-CS controller-window offsets.

-    pub fn cs_capacity_bytes(&self, cs: ChipSelect) -> Result<usize, SmcError> {

-        crate::smc::helpers::cs_capacity_bytes(&self.config, cs)

-    }

-

-    /// Return the configured `FlashConfig` for the requested chip select.

-    ///

-    /// Returns `SmcError::InvalidChipSelect` if the slot was not populated at

-    /// construction time. Used by device-facade constructors to validate the

-    /// caller-supplied `FlashConfig` against the per-CS configuration the

-    /// controller was actually initialized with.

-    pub fn cs_config(&self, cs: ChipSelect) -> Result<FlashConfig, SmcError> {

-        let slot = match cs {

-            ChipSelect::Cs0 => self.config.cs0,

-            ChipSelect::Cs1 => self.config.cs1,

-        };

-        slot.ok_or(SmcError::InvalidChipSelect)

-    }

-

-    /// Execute a raw user-mode SPI transfer on CS0 for this controller.

-    ///

-    /// The `mode` parameter controls the IO width written to the CS control

-    /// register for each phase (cmd / addr+payload / rx), matching the

-    /// per-phase register update pattern used by aspeed-rust's

-    /// `spi_nor_transceive_user()`.

-    pub fn transceive_user(

-        &self,

-        cs: ChipSelect,

-        cmd: &[u8],

-        tx_payload: &[u8],

-        rx: &mut [u8],

-        mode: TransferMode,

-    ) -> Result<(), SmcError> {

-        if self.state != SmcState::Idle {

-            return Err(SmcError::ControllerNotReady);

-        }

-        if cs == ChipSelect::Cs1 && self.config.cs1.is_none() {

-            return Err(SmcError::InvalidChipSelect);

-        }

-

-        let cs_idx = cs as usize;

-        // Derive user-mode base from the stored normal-read value: preserve

-        // frequency bits and replace mode type with ASPEED_SPI_USER.

-        let user_base = (self.normal_read_ctrl[cs_idx] & !0x7) | ASPEED_SPI_USER;

-        let window = self.flash_window_base[cs_idx] as *mut u32;

-

-        // Assert CS: inactive first, then active (matches aspeed-rust activate_user).

-        self.regs

-            .write_cs_ctrl(cs, user_base | ASPEED_SPI_USER_INACTIVE);

-        self.regs.write_cs_ctrl(cs, user_base);

-

-        // SAFETY: user mode is active; the flash aperture is the hardware-defined

-        // byte-stream port for SPI command traffic while user mode is held.

-        unsafe {

-            // Command phase — always single-wire.

-            let cmd_ctrl = (user_base & SPI_CTRL_IO_MODE_MASK) | mode.cmd_io_bits();

-            self.regs.write_cs_ctrl(cs, cmd_ctrl);

-            spi_write_data(window, cmd);

-

-            // Address / TX payload phase.

-            let addr_ctrl = (user_base & SPI_CTRL_IO_MODE_MASK) | mode.addr_io_bits();

-            self.regs.write_cs_ctrl(cs, addr_ctrl);

-            spi_write_data(window, tx_payload);

-

-            // RX data phase.

-            let data_ctrl = (user_base & SPI_CTRL_IO_MODE_MASK) | mode.data_io_bits();

-            self.regs.write_cs_ctrl(cs, data_ctrl);

-            spi_read_data(window as *const u32, rx);

-        }

-

-        // Deassert CS, then restore the pre-computed normal-read configuration

-        // (matches aspeed-rust deactivate_user restoring cmd_mode[cs].normal_read).

-        self.regs

-            .write_cs_ctrl(cs, user_base | ASPEED_SPI_USER_INACTIVE);

-        self.regs.write_cs_ctrl(cs, self.normal_read_ctrl[cs_idx]);

-        Ok(())

-    }

-

-    //

-    // MMIO access:: nor read init

-    //

-    //TODO: call from nordevice layer instead

-    pub fn spi_nor_read_init(&mut self, cs: ChipSelect) -> Result<(), SmcError> {

-        let mode: TransferMode = TransferMode::Mode114;

-        let dummy: u32 = 0x1;

-        let cs_idx = cs as usize;

-        let cs_capacity = self.cs_capacity_bytes(cs)?;

-        let use_4b_addr = spi_nor_uses_4b_addr(cs_capacity);

-        let read_opcode = spi_nor_qread_cmd_for_capacity(cs_capacity);

-        //pw_log::info!("=== spi_read_init()===");

-        let read_cmd =

-            mode.data_io_bits() | (read_opcode << 16) | (dummy << 6) | ASPEED_SPI_NORMAL_READ;

-

-        self.regs.write_cs_ctrl(cs, read_cmd);

-        let addr_width = spi_nor_addr_width_reg(self.regs.read_addr_width(), cs, use_4b_addr);

-        self.regs.write_addr_width(addr_width);

-        self.normal_read_ctrl[cs_idx] = read_cmd;

-        if cs != ChipSelect::Cs0 {

-            // CS1 calibration can fault on boards where the secondary FMC flash

-            // is not ready for the calibration sweep. Keep CS1 on the same

-            // fixed timing path used after calibration and still program its

-            // normal-read command/address width above.

-            return self.configure_timing(cs, self.cs_config(cs)?.spi_clock_mhz);

-        }

-        self.timing_calibration(cs)

-    }

-

-    fn configure_timing(&mut self, cs: ChipSelect, spi_clock_mhz: u32) -> Result<(), SmcError> {

-        // Timing calibration is topology-aware.

-        //

-        // For BootSpi (FMC, master_idx=0): Full calibration sweep recommended.

-        //   Boot firmware has exclusive access; full timing margin is priority.

-        //

-        // For HostSpi / NormalSpi when master_idx != 0: Shared-bus topology.

-        //   When a secondary master shares the flash bus, calibration on CS1 may need

-        //   to be skipped to avoid interfering with the primary master's calibration.

-        //   Phase 3+: gate calibration logic on config.topology.master_idx().

-        //

-        // For now, all topologies use a single divider lookup; no HCLK sweep.

-        // Phase 3+: add conditional calibration logic per topology and master_idx.

-        // pw_log::info!("=== configure_timing()===");

-        //TODO: need to get this from scu register

-        let sysclk_mhz = 200u32;

-        let encoded_div = spi_freq_div(sysclk_mhz, spi_clock_mhz)?;

-

-        let cs_idx = cs as usize;

-        let reg = self.regs.read_cs_ctrl(cs);

-        self.regs

-            .write_cs_ctrl(cs, (reg & !SPI_CTRL_FREQ_MASK) | encoded_div);

-        self.normal_read_ctrl[cs_idx] &= (!SPI_CTRL_FREQ_MASK) | encoded_div;

-

-        Ok(())

-    }

-

-    fn timing_calibration(&mut self, cs: ChipSelect) -> Result<(), SmcError> {

-        let cs_cfg = self.cs_config(cs)?;

-        let cs_idx = cs as usize;

-

-        if self.regs.already_calibrated(cs) {

-            pw_log::info!("already calibrated");

-            return self.configure_timing(cs, cs_cfg.spi_clock_mhz);

-        }

-

-        //SPI2 work around

-        if self.config.topology.master_idx() != 0 && cs_idx != 0 {

-            return self.configure_timing(cs, cs_cfg.spi_clock_mhz);

-        }

-        // TODO: add SPIM config

-        /*

-         * use the related low frequency to get check calibration data

-         * and get golden data.

-         */

-        let ctrl_val = self.regs.read_cs_ctrl(cs) & (!SPI_CTRL_FREQ_MASK);

-        self.regs.write_cs_ctrl(cs, ctrl_val);

-

-        let check_buf = unsafe { &mut *CALIBRATION_SCRATCH.0.get() };

-        let window = self.flash_window_base[cs_idx] as *const u8;

-        // TODO: configure timing_calibration_start_offset beside be???

-        let timing_offset = 0x0;

-        let flash_ptr = window.wrapping_add(timing_offset);

-        unsafe {

-            core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(flash_ptr, check_buf.as_mut_ptr(), SPI_CALIB_LEN);

-        }

-

-        if !spi_calibration_enable(&check_buf[..])? {

-            return self.configure_timing(cs, cs_cfg.spi_clock_mhz);

-        }

-

-        let gold_checksum = self.spi_dma_checksum(cs, 0, 0);

-        self.run_timing_sweep(cs, gold_checksum);

-

-        self.configure_timing(cs, cs_cfg.spi_clock_mhz)

-    }

-

-    fn spi_dma_checksum(&mut self, cs: ChipSelect, div: u32, delay: u32) -> u32 {

-        let timing_offset = 0x0;

-

-        // Request DMA access

-        self.regs.acquire_dma_arbiter();

-

-        // Set DMA flash start address

-        let cs_idx = cs as usize;

-        let flash_addr = self.flash_window_base[cs_idx] + timing_offset;

-        self.regs.write_dma_flash_addr(flash_addr as u32);

-        // Set DMA length

-        self.regs.write_dma_len(SPI_CALIB_LEN as u32);

-

-        // Configure DMA control register

-        let ctrl_val = SPI_DMA_ENABLE

-            | SPI_DMA_CALC_CKSUM

-            | SPI_DMA_CALIB_MODE

-            | (delay << 0x8)

-            | ((div & 0xf) << 16);

-        self.regs.write_dma_ctrl(ctrl_val);

-

-        // Wait until DMA done

-        if self.poll_blocking_dma_completion(0x1000) == 0 {

-            pw_log::info!("dma timeout!");

-        }

-

-        // Read checksum result

-        // disable dma will clear the checksum

-        let checksum = self.regs.read_dma_checksum();

-        // Clear DMA control and discard request

-        self.regs.disable_dma();

-

-        return checksum;

-    }

-

-    fn run_timing_sweep(&mut self, cs: ChipSelect, gold_checksum: u32) {

-        let hclk_masks = [7u32, 14, 6, 13];

-        let mut calib_res = [0u8; 6 * 17];

-        let cs_cfg = self.cs_config(cs);

-        let mut freq_to_use = cs_cfg.unwrap().spi_clock_mhz;

-        let sysclk_mhz = 200u32;

-

-        for (i, &mask) in hclk_masks.iter().enumerate() {

-            let div = u32::try_from(i).unwrap() + 2;

-            if freq_to_use < sysclk_mhz / div {

-                continue;

-            }

-

-            freq_to_use = sysclk_mhz / div;

-

-            self.spi_dma_checksum(cs, mask, 0);

-

-            calib_res.fill(0);

-

-            for hcycle in 0..=5 {

-                for delay_ns in 0..=0xf {

-                    let reg_val = (1 << 3) | hcycle | (delay_ns << 4);

-

-                    let checksum = self.spi_dma_checksum(cs, mask, reg_val);

-

-                    let pass = checksum == gold_checksum;

-                    let index = (hcycle * 17 + delay_ns) as usize;

-                    calib_res[index] = u8::from(pass);

-                }

-            } //hcycle

-

-            let calib_point = get_mid_point_of_longest_one(&calib_res);

-            if calib_point >= 0 {

-                let hcycle = (calib_point as u32 / 17) as u32;

-                let delay_ns = (calib_point as u32 % 17) as u32;

-                let final_delay = ((1 << 3) | hcycle | (delay_ns << 4)) << (i * 8);

-

-                pw_log::info!(

-                    "Final hcycle: {}, delay_ns: {} final_delay0x{:08x}",

-                    hcycle as u32,

-                    delay_ns as u32,

-                    final_delay as u32

-                );

-

-                self.regs.write_cs_timing_compensation(cs, final_delay);

-                return;

-            } else {

-                pw_log::info!("Cannot get good calibration point.");

-            }

-        }

-    } // run_timing_sweep

-}

-

-unsafe fn spi_read_data(ahb_addr: *const u32, read_arr: &mut [u8]) {

-    let len = read_arr.len();

-    let mut index = 0usize;

-

-    while index + 4 <= len {

-        let word = unsafe { core::ptr::read_volatile(ahb_addr.add(index / 4)) };

-        read_arr[index..index + 4].copy_from_slice(&word.to_le_bytes());

-        index += 4;

-    }

-

-    while index < len {

-        read_arr[index] = unsafe { core::ptr::read_volatile(ahb_addr.cast::<u8>().add(index)) };

-        index += 1;

-    }

-}

-

-unsafe fn spi_write_data(ahb_addr: *mut u32, write_arr: &[u8]) {

-    let len = write_arr.len();

-    let mut index = 0usize;

-

-    while index + 4 <= len {

-        let word = u32::from_le_bytes([

-            write_arr[index],

-            write_arr[index + 1],

-            write_arr[index + 2],

-            write_arr[index + 3],

-        ]);

-        unsafe { core::ptr::write_volatile(ahb_addr.add(index / 4), word) };

-        index += 4;

-    }

-

-    while index < len {

-        unsafe { core::ptr::write_volatile(ahb_addr.cast::<u8>().add(index), write_arr[index]) };

-        index += 1;

-    }

-}

-

-#[cfg(test)]

-mod tests {

-    use super::{

-        spi_nor_addr_width_reg, spi_nor_qread_cmd_for_capacity, SPI_NOR_4B_READ_THRESHOLD_BYTES,

-        SPI_NOR_CMD_QREAD, SPI_NOR_CMD_QREAD_4B,

-    };

-    use crate::smc::types::ChipSelect;

-

-    #[test]

-    fn qread_command_uses_3b_at_or_below_16mib() {

-        assert_eq!(

-            spi_nor_qread_cmd_for_capacity(1024 * 1024),

-            SPI_NOR_CMD_QREAD

-        );

-        assert_eq!(

-            spi_nor_qread_cmd_for_capacity(SPI_NOR_4B_READ_THRESHOLD_BYTES),

-            SPI_NOR_CMD_QREAD

-        );

-    }

-

-    #[test]

-    fn qread_command_uses_4b_above_16mib() {

-        assert_eq!(

-            spi_nor_qread_cmd_for_capacity(SPI_NOR_4B_READ_THRESHOLD_BYTES + 1),

-            SPI_NOR_CMD_QREAD_4B

-        );

-    }

-

-    #[test]

-    fn addr_width_register_sets_only_selected_cs_for_4b() {

-        assert_eq!(spi_nor_addr_width_reg(0, ChipSelect::Cs0, true), 0x11);

-        assert_eq!(spi_nor_addr_width_reg(0, ChipSelect::Cs1, true), 0x22);

-    }

-

-    #[test]

-    fn addr_width_register_clears_only_selected_cs_for_3b() {

-        assert_eq!(

-            spi_nor_addr_width_reg(0x2a33, ChipSelect::Cs0, false),

-            0x2a22

-        );

-        assert_eq!(

-            spi_nor_addr_width_reg(0x2a33, ChipSelect::Cs1, false),

-            0x2a11

-        );

-    }

-}

+// Licensed under the Apache-2.0 license
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+//! Generic SMC controller implementation
+
+use core::cell::UnsafeCell;
+use core::marker::PhantomData;
+
+use crate::smc::helpers::{
+    encode_fmc_segment, encode_spi_segment, flash_capacity_bytes, get_mid_point_of_longest_one,
+    spi_calibration_enable, spi_freq_div, total_capacity_bytes, validate_dma_read,
+    validate_mapped_range, SPI_CTRL_FREQ_MASK, SPI_DMA_CALC_CKSUM, SPI_DMA_CALIB_MODE,
+    SPI_DMA_ENABLE, SPI_DMA_RAM_MAP_BASE,
+};
+use crate::smc::interrupts::{SmcInterrupt, SmcInterruptDecoder};
+use crate::smc::registers::SmcRegisters;
+use crate::smc::types::*;
+
+/// Internal controller state
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum SmcState {
+    /// Controller is initialized and idle — no operation in progress.
+    Idle,
+    /// A DMA transfer has been kicked and is in progress.
+    DmaInFlight,
+    /// Controller encountered an unrecoverable hardware fault.
+    Faulted,
+}
+
+const ASPEED_SPI_USER: u32 = 0x3;
+const ASPEED_SPI_USER_INACTIVE: u32 = 0x4;
+const ASPEED_SPI_NORMAL_READ: u32 = 0x1;
+pub const SPI_NOR_CMD_QREAD: u32 = 0x6B;
+pub const SPI_NOR_CMD_QREAD_4B: u32 = 0x6C;
+const SPI_NOR_4B_READ_THRESHOLD_BYTES: usize = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+const SPI_NOR_ADDR_WIDTH_MASK: u32 = 0x11;
+const DMA_STATUS_RELEVANT_BITS: u32 = (1 << 11) | (1 << 10) | (1 << 9);
+/// Mask for bits that are not IO mode or mode-type fields — preserves
+/// frequency divisor and other config bits across per-phase ctrl writes.
+const SPI_CTRL_IO_MODE_MASK: u32 = !0x7000_0000;
+const SPI_CALIB_LEN: usize = 0x400;
+
+struct CalibrationScratch(UnsafeCell<[u8; SPI_CALIB_LEN]>);
+
+// Calibration runs during controller initialization with exclusive controller
+// ownership, so this scratch buffer is not accessed concurrently.
+unsafe impl Sync for CalibrationScratch {}
+
+static CALIBRATION_SCRATCH: CalibrationScratch =
+    CalibrationScratch(UnsafeCell::new([0; SPI_CALIB_LEN]));
+
+const fn spi_nor_qread_cmd_for_capacity(capacity_bytes: usize) -> u32 {
+    if capacity_bytes > SPI_NOR_4B_READ_THRESHOLD_BYTES {
+        SPI_NOR_CMD_QREAD_4B
+    } else {
+        SPI_NOR_CMD_QREAD
+    }
+}
+
+const fn spi_nor_uses_4b_addr(capacity_bytes: usize) -> bool {
+    capacity_bytes > SPI_NOR_4B_READ_THRESHOLD_BYTES
+}
+
+const fn spi_nor_addr_width_mask(cs: ChipSelect) -> u32 {
+    SPI_NOR_ADDR_WIDTH_MASK << (cs as u32)
+}
+
+const fn spi_nor_addr_width_reg(current: u32, cs: ChipSelect, use_4b: bool) -> u32 {
+    let mask = spi_nor_addr_width_mask(cs);
+    if use_4b {
+        current | mask
+    } else {
+        current & !mask
+    }
+}
+
+/// Type-state marker: controller is constructed but not initialized.
+pub struct Uninitialized;
+
+/// Type-state marker: controller has completed hardware initialization.
+pub struct Ready;
+
+/// Generic Static Memory Controller (SMC)
+///
+/// The `Mode` type parameter enforces init ordering at compile time.
+pub struct Smc<Mode> {
+    regs: SmcRegisters,
+    controller_id: SmcController,
+    config: SmcConfig,
+    state: SmcState,
+    /// Per-CS normal-read control register values stored at init time.
+    /// Indexed by `ChipSelect as usize`. Restored unconditionally after every
+    /// user-mode transaction, matching aspeed-rust `deactivate_user()` behavior.
+    normal_read_ctrl: [u32; 2],
+    /// Per-CS AHB flash window base addresses.
+    /// CS0 starts at `controller_id.flash_window_address()`;
+    /// CS1 starts immediately after the CS0 segment.
+    flash_window_base: [usize; 2],
+    _mode: PhantomData<fn() -> Mode>,
+}
+
+/// Ergonomic alias for the uninitialized controller handle.
+pub type UninitSmc = Smc<Uninitialized>;
+
+/// Ergonomic alias for the initialized controller handle.
+pub type ReadySmc = Smc<Ready>;
+
+impl Smc<Uninitialized> {
+    /// Create a new SMC controller instance.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    /// Caller must ensure:
+    /// - No other Smc instance exists for this hardware controller
+    /// - The controller's base address points to valid hardware
+    pub unsafe fn new(config: SmcConfig) -> Result<Self, SmcError> {
+        if config.cs0.is_none() && config.cs1.is_none() {
+            return Err(SmcError::InvalidCapacity);
+        }
+
+        let base = config.controller_id.base_address() as *const _;
+        // SAFETY: Caller ensures base address is valid and no other instance exists.
+        let regs = unsafe { SmcRegisters::new(base) };
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            regs,
+            controller_id: config.controller_id,
+            config,
+            state: SmcState::Idle,
+            normal_read_ctrl: [0; 2],
+            flash_window_base: [0; 2],
+            _mode: PhantomData,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Initialize hardware and transition to `Ready` mode.
+    pub fn init(self) -> Result<Smc<Ready>, SmcError> {
+        // Phase 3: Topology-aware initialization
+        //
+        // The SmcTopology enum encodes the controller's role and master_idx:
+        // - BootSpi { master_idx }: Boot firmware path (typically FMC, master_idx=0)
+        // - HostSpi { master_idx }: Host BMC SPI path (typically SPI1, master_idx=0)
+        // - NormalSpi { master_idx }: Normal user SPI path (typically SPI2, master_idx=2)
+        //
+        // Topology gates behavior in setup_segments() and configure_timing():
+        // The topology is consulted via self.config.topology.
+
+        // 1. Configure flash types and write-enable per CS
+        let mut conf = 0u32;
+        if self.config.cs0.is_some() {
+            conf |= 1 << 16; // CONF_ENABLE_W0
+            conf |= 0x2 << 0; // FLASH_TYPE_SPI
+        }
+        if self.config.cs1.is_some() {
+            conf |= 1 << 17; // CONF_ENABLE_W1
+            conf |= 0x2 << 2; // FLASH_TYPE_SPI
+        }
+        self.regs.write_config(conf);
+
+        // 2. Set up segment addresses (memory mapping)
+        Self::setup_segments(&self)?;
+
+        // Snapshot per-CS normal-read control register values after all init writes.
+        // CS1 value is captured even if cs1 is None (safe: register read is harmless).
+        let cs0_normal_read = self.regs.read_cs0_ctrl();
+        let cs1_normal_read = self.regs.read_cs1_ctrl();
+
+        // Compute per-CS AHB flash window base addresses.
+        let base = self.controller_id.flash_window_address();
+        let cs0_size = flash_capacity_bytes(self.config.cs0).unwrap_or(0);
+        let flash_window_base = [base, base + cs0_size];
+
+        Ok(Smc {
+            regs: self.regs,
+            controller_id: self.controller_id,
+            config: self.config,
+            state: SmcState::Idle,
+            normal_read_ctrl: [cs0_normal_read, cs1_normal_read],
+            flash_window_base,
+            _mode: PhantomData,
+        })
+    }
+    fn encode_segment(&self, start: usize, end: usize) -> Result<u32, SmcError> {
+        match self.config.controller_id {
+            SmcController::Fmc => encode_fmc_segment(start, end),
+            SmcController::Spi1 | SmcController::Spi2 => encode_spi_segment(start, end),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn setup_segments(&self) -> Result<(), SmcError> {
+        // Decode-range sizing is topology-aware.
+        //
+        // For BootSpi (FMC, master_idx=0): Full decode range from configured capacity.
+        //   Used for boot firmware; exclusive access to flash; no shared-bus concerns.
+        //
+        // For HostSpi / NormalSpi when master_idx != 0: Potential shared-bus topology.
+        //   When multiple masters multiplex a single SPI flash, decode ranges may need
+        //   to be restricted. Phase 3+ may implement decode_range_reinit logic keyed
+        //   on config.topology.master_idx() to prevent collisions.
+        //
+        // For now, all topologies use the full capacity from FlashConfig.
+        // Phase 3+: add conditional decode-range sizing based on topology + master_idx.
+
+        let cs0_size = flash_capacity_bytes(self.config.cs0)?;
+        let cs1_size = flash_capacity_bytes(self.config.cs1)?;
+        total_capacity_bytes(self.config.cs0, self.config.cs1)?;
+
+        if cs0_size > 0 {
+            let seg = self.encode_segment(0, cs0_size)?;
+            self.regs.write_cs0_segment(seg);
+        }
+
+        if cs1_size > 0 {
+            let seg = self.encode_segment(cs0_size, cs0_size + cs1_size)?;
+            self.regs.write_cs1_segment(seg);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Smc<Ready> {
+    /// Perform a programmed I/O read via memory window.
+    ///
+    /// Reads directly from the flash memory window. Hardware automatically
+    /// converts memory accesses to SPI transactions.
+    pub fn read(&self, cs: ChipSelect, offset: u32, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, SmcError> {
+        let cs_config = self.cs_config(cs)?;
+        let cs_capacity = flash_capacity_bytes(Some(cs_config))?;
+        let cs_idx = cs as usize;
+        let window = self.flash_window_base[cs_idx] as *const u8;
+        let offset = validate_mapped_range(offset, buf.len(), cs_capacity)?;
+        let flash_ptr = window.wrapping_add(offset);
+        pw_log::debug!(
+            "read: offset0x{:08x}, size:0x{:08x}, flash ptr:0x{:08x}",
+            offset as u32,
+            buf.len() as u32,
+            flash_ptr as u32
+        );
+        // SAFETY: `flash_ptr` is derived from the controller's fixed MMIO flash
+        // window using `wrapping_add`, which avoids imposing Rust allocation
+        // provenance rules on the raw address arithmetic itself. The actual read
+        // below requires the requested `[offset, offset + buf.len())` range to be
+        // backed by the controller's mapped flash aperture, and `buf` provides a
+        // valid, writable destination that does not overlap this MMIO window.
+        unsafe {
+            core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(flash_ptr, buf.as_mut_ptr(), buf.len());
+        }
+
+        Ok(buf.len())
+    }
+    #[inline(never)]
+    pub fn loop_delay(spin_cnt: u32) {
+        for _ in 0..spin_cnt {
+            core::hint::spin_loop();
+        }
+    }
+    /// Initiate a DMA read operation (non-blocking).
+    pub fn dma_read(
+        &mut self,
+        cs: ChipSelect,
+        flash_offset: u32,
+        dram_addr: usize,
+        len: u32,
+    ) -> Result<(), SmcError> {
+        if self.state != SmcState::Idle {
+            return Err(SmcError::ControllerNotReady);
+        }
+        if !self.config.dma_enabled {
+            return Err(SmcError::DmaNotEnabled);
+        }
+        if cs == ChipSelect::Cs1 && self.config.cs1.is_none() {
+            return Err(SmcError::InvalidChipSelect);
+        }
+        self.regs.disable_dma();
+        Self::loop_delay(0x1000);
+
+        let cs_config = self.cs_config(cs)?;
+        let cs_capacity = flash_capacity_bytes(Some(cs_config))?;
+        pw_log::debug!(
+            "flash_offset: 0x{:08x}, cs_cap: 0x{:08x}",
+            flash_offset as u32,
+            cs_capacity as u32
+        );
+        let cs_idx = cs as usize;
+
+        let validated = validate_dma_read(
+            flash_offset,
+            self.flash_window_base[cs_idx],
+            cs_capacity,
+            dram_addr,
+            len,
+        )?;
+        pw_log::debug!(
+            "flash start: 0x{:08x}, cs_cap: 0x{:08x}, dram_addr: 0x{:08x} len: 0x{:08x} ",
+            validated.flash_start as u32,
+            cs_capacity as u32,
+            validated.dram_addr as u32,
+            validated.dma_len_reg as u32
+        );
+
+        // Set CS0 control register to normal-read mode before programming DMA
+        // registers. The DMA engine reads the CSx control register to know which
+        // SPI command to issue; it must be in normal-read mode (not user mode)
+        // before the kick. Matches aspeed-rust fmccontroller.rs::read_dma
+        // ctrl construction: preserve frequency bits, set ASPEED_SPI_NORMAL_READ.
+        let cs_idx = cs as usize;
+        let ctrl_val = self.normal_read_ctrl[cs_idx] | ASPEED_SPI_NORMAL_READ;
+        self.regs.write_cs_ctrl(cs, ctrl_val);
+
+        // Acquire the DMA bus arbiter before programming any DMA registers.
+        // On SPI1/SPI2: writes SPI_DMA_GET_REQ_MAGIC and spins until DMAGrant
+        // (bit 30 of spi080) is set. On FMC: bits 20–31 are Reserved — the write
+        // is a no-op and the spin condition is immediately false. Safe to call
+        // unconditionally on all controllers, matching aspeed-rust's approach.
+        self.regs.acquire_dma_arbiter();
+        pw_log::debug!("acquired dma bus arbiter");
+        // Program DMA registers in the order used by aspeed-rust fmccontroller.rs::read_dma:
+        //   fmc084 = flash side DMA address (R_DMA_FLASH_ADDR)
+        //            = flash_window_base[cs] - SPI_DMA_FLASH_MAP_BASE + cs_offset
+        //            (computed in validate_dma_read)
+        //   fmc088 = DRAM/SRAM destination address (R_DMA_DRAM_ADDR)
+        //            = physical_sram_addr + SPI_DMA_RAM_MAP_BASE
+        //   fmc08c = transfer length - 1 (R_DMA_LEN)
+        self.regs.write_dma_flash_addr(validated.flash_start as u32);
+        self.regs
+            .write_dma_dram_addr(validated.dram_addr + SPI_DMA_RAM_MAP_BASE);
+        self.regs.write_dma_len(validated.dma_len_reg);
+
+        // Enable the completion IRQ before kicking DMA. QEMU evaluates
+        // INTR_CTRL_DMA_EN exactly once at DMA-done time
+        // (`aspeed_smc_dma_done` in qemu/hw/ssi/aspeed_smc.c) and won't
+        // re-fire the IRQ if the bit is set after the fact; aspeed-rust
+        // arms the IRQ before starting DMA for the same reason
+        // (`spicontroller.rs::read_dma`).
+        if self.config.enable_interrupts {
+            pw_log::debug!("enable dma irq");
+            self.regs.enable_dma_irq();
+        }
+
+        // Kick DMA via read-modify-write to preserve timing calibration
+        // bits (fmc080 bits 8-19), matching aspeed-rust fmccontroller.rs::read_dma.
+        pw_log::debug!("start dma read...");
+        self.regs.kick_dma_read();
+        self.state = SmcState::DmaInFlight;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Read raw DMA/interrupt status register bits (FMC008).
+    pub fn dma_status(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.regs.read_dma_status()
+    }
+
+    /// Clear DMA-related status bits in the status register (FMC008).
+    ///
+    /// `clear_mask` is write-1-to-clear and should contain only relevant bits.
+    pub fn clear_dma_status(&self, clear_mask: u32) {
+        self.regs
+            .clear_dma_status(clear_mask & DMA_STATUS_RELEVANT_BITS);
+    }
+
+    /// Decode status bits and transition controller state.
+    ///
+    /// Called by both `handle_dma_irq` (IRQ-driven) and `poll_dma_completion`
+    /// (polling). Assumes `status & DMA_STATUS_RELEVANT_BITS != 0`.
+    fn complete_dma(&mut self, status: u32) -> Result<SmcInterrupt, SmcError> {
+        let relevant = status & DMA_STATUS_RELEVANT_BITS;
+        let dma_in_flight = self.state == SmcState::DmaInFlight;
+        let decoded = SmcInterruptDecoder::decode_with_context(status, dma_in_flight);
+        self.clear_dma_status(relevant);
+
+        match decoded {
+            SmcInterrupt::DmaComplete => {
+                self.regs.disable_dma();
+                self.state = SmcState::Idle;
+                Ok(decoded)
+            }
+            SmcInterrupt::DmaError => {
+                self.regs.disable_dma();
+                self.state = SmcState::Idle;
+                Err(SmcError::DmaAborted)
+            }
+            SmcInterrupt::CommandAbort => {
+                self.state = SmcState::Faulted;
+                Err(SmcError::HardwareError)
+            }
+            SmcInterrupt::WriteProtected => {
+                self.state = SmcState::Faulted;
+                Err(SmcError::WriteProtected)
+            }
+            SmcInterrupt::Unknown => Err(SmcError::HardwareError),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Decode and complete an in-flight DMA operation from an IRQ event.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the decoded interrupt cause when a completion/error event was
+    /// observed and processed. If no relevant status bits are set, returns
+    /// `SmcError::ControllerNotReady` to indicate no completion work was found.
+    pub fn handle_dma_irq(&mut self) -> Result<SmcInterrupt, SmcError> {
+        self.regs.disable_dma_irq();
+        let status = self.dma_status();
+        pw_log::info!("SMC handle_dma_irq: status=0x{:08x}", status as u32);
+        if status & DMA_STATUS_RELEVANT_BITS == 0 {
+            return Err(SmcError::ControllerNotReady);
+        }
+        self.complete_dma(status)
+    }
+
+    /// Poll for DMA completion without requiring an IRQ.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `Poll::Pending` while the transfer is still in progress.
+    /// Returns `Poll::Ready(Ok(()))` on success or `Poll::Ready(Err(SmcError))`
+    /// on failure. Returns `Poll::Ready(Err(SmcError::ControllerNotReady))` if
+    /// no DMA is in flight.
+    ///
+    /// Suitable for spin-poll loops in contexts where `enable_interrupts` is
+    /// false (e.g., QEMU tests without an IRQ handler):
+    /// ```ignore
+    /// loop {
+    ///     match controller.poll_dma_completion() {
+    ///         Poll::Ready(result) => break result,
+    ///         Poll::Pending => {}
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn poll_dma_completion(&mut self) -> core::task::Poll<Result<(), SmcError>> {
+        if self.state != SmcState::DmaInFlight {
+            return core::task::Poll::Ready(Err(SmcError::ControllerNotReady));
+        }
+        let status = self.dma_status();
+        if status & DMA_STATUS_RELEVANT_BITS == 0 {
+            return core::task::Poll::Pending;
+        }
+        core::task::Poll::Ready(self.complete_dma(status).map(|_| ()))
+    }
+
+    pub fn poll_blocking_dma_completion(&self, timeout: u32) -> u32 {
+        let mut to = timeout;
+
+        while (self.regs.read_dma_status() & DMA_STATUS_RELEVANT_BITS) == 0 {
+            to -= 1;
+
+            if to == 0 {
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+        return to;
+    }
+    /// Check if controller is ready for operations.
+    pub fn is_ready(&self) -> bool {
+        self.state == SmcState::Idle
+    }
+
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub fn test_force_dma_in_flight(&mut self) {
+        self.state = SmcState::DmaInFlight;
+    }
+
+    /// Get the controller identifier.
+    pub fn controller_id(&self) -> SmcController {
+        self.controller_id
+    }
+
+    /// Get the configured master ID for this controller topology.
+    pub fn master_idx(&self) -> u8 {
+        self.config.topology.master_idx()
+    }
+
+    /// Return configured total flash capacity for this controller in bytes.
+    pub fn capacity_bytes(&self) -> Result<usize, SmcError> {
+        total_capacity_bytes(self.config.cs0, self.config.cs1)
+    }
+
+    /// Return configured flash capacity in bytes for the given chip select.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `SmcError::InvalidChipSelect` if the slot was not populated
+    /// at construction time. Used by the device facade to bounds-check
+    /// per-CS reads and to compute per-CS controller-window offsets.
+    pub fn cs_capacity_bytes(&self, cs: ChipSelect) -> Result<usize, SmcError> {
+        crate::smc::helpers::cs_capacity_bytes(&self.config, cs)
+    }
+
+    /// Return the configured `FlashConfig` for the requested chip select.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `SmcError::InvalidChipSelect` if the slot was not populated at
+    /// construction time. Used by device-facade constructors to validate the
+    /// caller-supplied `FlashConfig` against the per-CS configuration the
+    /// controller was actually initialized with.
+    pub fn cs_config(&self, cs: ChipSelect) -> Result<FlashConfig, SmcError> {
+        let slot = match cs {
+            ChipSelect::Cs0 => self.config.cs0,
+            ChipSelect::Cs1 => self.config.cs1,
+        };
+        slot.ok_or(SmcError::InvalidChipSelect)
+    }
+
+    /// Execute a raw user-mode SPI transfer on CS0 for this controller.
+    ///
+    /// The `mode` parameter controls the IO width written to the CS control
+    /// register for each phase (cmd / addr+payload / rx), matching the
+    /// per-phase register update pattern used by aspeed-rust's
+    /// `spi_nor_transceive_user()`.
+    pub fn transceive_user(
+        &self,
+        cs: ChipSelect,
+        cmd: &[u8],
+        tx_payload: &[u8],
+        rx: &mut [u8],
+        mode: TransferMode,
+    ) -> Result<(), SmcError> {
+        if self.state != SmcState::Idle {
+            return Err(SmcError::ControllerNotReady);
+        }
+        if cs == ChipSelect::Cs1 && self.config.cs1.is_none() {
+            return Err(SmcError::InvalidChipSelect);
+        }
+
+        let cs_idx = cs as usize;
+        // Derive user-mode base from the stored normal-read value: preserve
+        // frequency bits and replace mode type with ASPEED_SPI_USER.
+        let user_base = (self.normal_read_ctrl[cs_idx] & !0x7) | ASPEED_SPI_USER;
+        let window = self.flash_window_base[cs_idx] as *mut u32;
+
+        // Assert CS: inactive first, then active (matches aspeed-rust activate_user).
+        self.regs
+            .write_cs_ctrl(cs, user_base | ASPEED_SPI_USER_INACTIVE);
+        self.regs.write_cs_ctrl(cs, user_base);
+
+        // SAFETY: user mode is active; the flash aperture is the hardware-defined
+        // byte-stream port for SPI command traffic while user mode is held.
+        unsafe {
+            // Command phase — always single-wire.
+            let cmd_ctrl = (user_base & SPI_CTRL_IO_MODE_MASK) | mode.cmd_io_bits();
+            self.regs.write_cs_ctrl(cs, cmd_ctrl);
+            spi_write_data(window, cmd);
+
+            // Address / TX payload phase.
+            let addr_ctrl = (user_base & SPI_CTRL_IO_MODE_MASK) | mode.addr_io_bits();
+            self.regs.write_cs_ctrl(cs, addr_ctrl);
+            spi_write_data(window, tx_payload);
+
+            // RX data phase.
+            let data_ctrl = (user_base & SPI_CTRL_IO_MODE_MASK) | mode.data_io_bits();
+            self.regs.write_cs_ctrl(cs, data_ctrl);
+            spi_read_data(window as *const u32, rx);
+        }
+
+        // Deassert CS, then restore the pre-computed normal-read configuration
+        // (matches aspeed-rust deactivate_user restoring cmd_mode[cs].normal_read).
+        self.regs
+            .write_cs_ctrl(cs, user_base | ASPEED_SPI_USER_INACTIVE);
+        self.regs.write_cs_ctrl(cs, self.normal_read_ctrl[cs_idx]);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    //
+    // MMIO access:: nor read init
+    //
+    //TODO: call from nordevice layer instead
+    pub fn spi_nor_read_init(&mut self, cs: ChipSelect) -> Result<(), SmcError> {
+        let mode: TransferMode = TransferMode::Mode114;
+        let dummy: u32 = 0x1;
+        let cs_idx = cs as usize;
+        let cs_capacity = self.cs_capacity_bytes(cs)?;
+        let use_4b_addr = spi_nor_uses_4b_addr(cs_capacity);
+        let read_opcode = spi_nor_qread_cmd_for_capacity(cs_capacity);
+        //pw_log::info!("=== spi_read_init()===");
+        let read_cmd =
+            mode.data_io_bits() | (read_opcode << 16) | (dummy << 6) | ASPEED_SPI_NORMAL_READ;
+
+        self.regs.write_cs_ctrl(cs, read_cmd);
+        let addr_width = spi_nor_addr_width_reg(self.regs.read_addr_width(), cs, use_4b_addr);
+        self.regs.write_addr_width(addr_width);
+        self.normal_read_ctrl[cs_idx] = read_cmd;
+        if cs != ChipSelect::Cs0 {
+            // CS1 calibration can fault on boards where the secondary FMC flash
+            // is not ready for the calibration sweep. Keep CS1 on the same
+            // fixed timing path used after calibration and still program its
+            // normal-read command/address width above.
+            return self.configure_timing(cs, self.cs_config(cs)?.spi_clock_mhz);
+        }
+        self.timing_calibration(cs)
+    }
+
+    fn configure_timing(&mut self, cs: ChipSelect, spi_clock_mhz: u32) -> Result<(), SmcError> {
+        // Timing calibration is topology-aware.
+        //
+        // For BootSpi (FMC, master_idx=0): Full calibration sweep recommended.
+        //   Boot firmware has exclusive access; full timing margin is priority.
+        //
+        // For HostSpi / NormalSpi when master_idx != 0: Shared-bus topology.
+        //   When a secondary master shares the flash bus, calibration on CS1 may need
+        //   to be skipped to avoid interfering with the primary master's calibration.
+        //   Phase 3+: gate calibration logic on config.topology.master_idx().
+        //
+        // For now, all topologies use a single divider lookup; no HCLK sweep.
+        // Phase 3+: add conditional calibration logic per topology and master_idx.
+        // pw_log::info!("=== configure_timing()===");
+        //TODO: need to get this from scu register
+        let sysclk_mhz = 200u32;
+        let encoded_div = spi_freq_div(sysclk_mhz, spi_clock_mhz)?;
+
+        let cs_idx = cs as usize;
+        let reg = self.regs.read_cs_ctrl(cs);
+        self.regs
+            .write_cs_ctrl(cs, (reg & !SPI_CTRL_FREQ_MASK) | encoded_div);
+        self.normal_read_ctrl[cs_idx] &= (!SPI_CTRL_FREQ_MASK) | encoded_div;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn timing_calibration(&mut self, cs: ChipSelect) -> Result<(), SmcError> {
+        let cs_cfg = self.cs_config(cs)?;
+        let cs_idx = cs as usize;
+
+        if self.regs.already_calibrated(cs) {
+            pw_log::info!("already calibrated");
+            return self.configure_timing(cs, cs_cfg.spi_clock_mhz);
+        }
+
+        //SPI2 work around
+        if self.config.topology.master_idx() != 0 && cs_idx != 0 {
+            return self.configure_timing(cs, cs_cfg.spi_clock_mhz);
+        }
+        // TODO: add SPIM config
+        /*
+         * use the related low frequency to get check calibration data
+         * and get golden data.
+         */
+        let ctrl_val = self.regs.read_cs_ctrl(cs) & (!SPI_CTRL_FREQ_MASK);
+        self.regs.write_cs_ctrl(cs, ctrl_val);
+
+        let check_buf = unsafe { &mut *CALIBRATION_SCRATCH.0.get() };
+        let window = self.flash_window_base[cs_idx] as *const u8;
+        // TODO: configure timing_calibration_start_offset beside be???
+        let timing_offset = 0x0;
+        let flash_ptr = window.wrapping_add(timing_offset);
+        unsafe {
+            core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(flash_ptr, check_buf.as_mut_ptr(), SPI_CALIB_LEN);
+        }
+
+        if !spi_calibration_enable(&check_buf[..])? {
+            return self.configure_timing(cs, cs_cfg.spi_clock_mhz);
+        }
+
+        let gold_checksum = self.spi_dma_checksum(cs, 0, 0);
+        self.run_timing_sweep(cs, gold_checksum);
+
+        self.configure_timing(cs, cs_cfg.spi_clock_mhz)
+    }
+
+    fn spi_dma_checksum(&mut self, cs: ChipSelect, div: u32, delay: u32) -> u32 {
+        let timing_offset = 0x0;
+
+        // Request DMA access
+        self.regs.acquire_dma_arbiter();
+
+        // Set DMA flash start address
+        let cs_idx = cs as usize;
+        let flash_addr = self.flash_window_base[cs_idx] + timing_offset;
+        self.regs.write_dma_flash_addr(flash_addr as u32);
+        // Set DMA length
+        self.regs.write_dma_len(SPI_CALIB_LEN as u32);
+
+        // Configure DMA control register
+        let ctrl_val = SPI_DMA_ENABLE
+            | SPI_DMA_CALC_CKSUM
+            | SPI_DMA_CALIB_MODE
+            | (delay << 0x8)
+            | ((div & 0xf) << 16);
+        self.regs.write_dma_ctrl(ctrl_val);
+
+        // Wait until DMA done
+        if self.poll_blocking_dma_completion(0x1000) == 0 {
+            pw_log::info!("dma timeout!");
+        }
+
+        // Read checksum result
+        // disable dma will clear the checksum
+        let checksum = self.regs.read_dma_checksum();
+        // Clear DMA control and discard request
+        self.regs.disable_dma();
+
+        return checksum;
+    }
+
+    fn run_timing_sweep(&mut self, cs: ChipSelect, gold_checksum: u32) {
+        let hclk_masks = [7u32, 14, 6, 13];
+        let mut calib_res = [0u8; 6 * 17];
+        let cs_cfg = self.cs_config(cs);
+        let mut freq_to_use = cs_cfg.unwrap().spi_clock_mhz;
+        let sysclk_mhz = 200u32;
+
+        for (i, &mask) in hclk_masks.iter().enumerate() {
+            let div = u32::try_from(i).unwrap() + 2;
+            if freq_to_use < sysclk_mhz / div {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            freq_to_use = sysclk_mhz / div;
+
+            self.spi_dma_checksum(cs, mask, 0);
+
+            calib_res.fill(0);
+
+            for hcycle in 0..=5 {
+                for delay_ns in 0..=0xf {
+                    let reg_val = (1 << 3) | hcycle | (delay_ns << 4);
+
+                    let checksum = self.spi_dma_checksum(cs, mask, reg_val);
+
+                    let pass = checksum == gold_checksum;
+                    let index = (hcycle * 17 + delay_ns) as usize;
+                    calib_res[index] = u8::from(pass);
+                }
+            } //hcycle
+
+            let calib_point = get_mid_point_of_longest_one(&calib_res);
+            if calib_point >= 0 {
+                let hcycle = (calib_point as u32 / 17) as u32;
+                let delay_ns = (calib_point as u32 % 17) as u32;
+                let final_delay = ((1 << 3) | hcycle | (delay_ns << 4)) << (i * 8);
+
+                pw_log::info!(
+                    "Final hcycle: {}, delay_ns: {} final_delay0x{:08x}",
+                    hcycle as u32,
+                    delay_ns as u32,
+                    final_delay as u32
+                );
+
+                self.regs.write_cs_timing_compensation(cs, final_delay);
+                return;
+            } else {
+                pw_log::info!("Cannot get good calibration point.");
+            }
+        }
+    } // run_timing_sweep
+}
+
+unsafe fn spi_read_data(ahb_addr: *const u32, read_arr: &mut [u8]) {
+    let len = read_arr.len();
+    let mut index = 0usize;
+
+    while index + 4 <= len {
+        let word = unsafe { core::ptr::read_volatile(ahb_addr.add(index / 4)) };
+        read_arr[index..index + 4].copy_from_slice(&word.to_le_bytes());
+        index += 4;
+    }
+
+    while index < len {
+        read_arr[index] = unsafe { core::ptr::read_volatile(ahb_addr.cast::<u8>().add(index)) };
+        index += 1;
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe fn spi_write_data(ahb_addr: *mut u32, write_arr: &[u8]) {
+    let len = write_arr.len();
+    let mut index = 0usize;
+
+    while index + 4 <= len {
+        let word = u32::from_le_bytes([
+            write_arr[index],
+            write_arr[index + 1],
+            write_arr[index + 2],
+            write_arr[index + 3],
+        ]);
+        unsafe { core::ptr::write_volatile(ahb_addr.add(index / 4), word) };
+        index += 4;
+    }
+
+    while index < len {
+        unsafe { core::ptr::write_volatile(ahb_addr.cast::<u8>().add(index), write_arr[index]) };
+        index += 1;
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::{
+        spi_nor_addr_width_reg, spi_nor_qread_cmd_for_capacity, SPI_NOR_4B_READ_THRESHOLD_BYTES,
+        SPI_NOR_CMD_QREAD, SPI_NOR_CMD_QREAD_4B,
+    };
+    use crate::smc::types::ChipSelect;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn qread_command_uses_3b_at_or_below_16mib() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            spi_nor_qread_cmd_for_capacity(1024 * 1024),
+            SPI_NOR_CMD_QREAD
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            spi_nor_qread_cmd_for_capacity(SPI_NOR_4B_READ_THRESHOLD_BYTES),
+            SPI_NOR_CMD_QREAD
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn qread_command_uses_4b_above_16mib() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            spi_nor_qread_cmd_for_capacity(SPI_NOR_4B_READ_THRESHOLD_BYTES + 1),
+            SPI_NOR_CMD_QREAD_4B
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn addr_width_register_sets_only_selected_cs_for_4b() {
+        assert_eq!(spi_nor_addr_width_reg(0, ChipSelect::Cs0, true), 0x11);
+        assert_eq!(spi_nor_addr_width_reg(0, ChipSelect::Cs1, true), 0x22);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn addr_width_register_clears_only_selected_cs_for_3b() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            spi_nor_addr_width_reg(0x2a33, ChipSelect::Cs0, false),
+            0x2a22
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            spi_nor_addr_width_reg(0x2a33, ChipSelect::Cs1, false),
+            0x2a11
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/target/ast10x0/tests/smc/read/BUILD.bazel b/target/ast10x0/tests/smc/read/BUILD.bazel
index f10f3a0..3caf693 100644
--- a/target/ast10x0/tests/smc/read/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/target/ast10x0/tests/smc/read/BUILD.bazel
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
         ":linker_script",
         "//target/ast10x0:entry",
         "//target/ast10x0/peripherals",
+        "@ast1060_pac",
         "@pigweed//pw_kernel/arch/arm_cortex_m:arch_arm_cortex_m",
         "@pigweed//pw_kernel/kernel",
         "@pigweed//pw_kernel/subsys/console:console_backend",
diff --git a/target/ast10x0/tests/smc/read/target_spi2.rs b/target/ast10x0/tests/smc/read/target_spi2.rs
index 1b67bb3..43759a1 100644
--- a/target/ast10x0/tests/smc/read/target_spi2.rs
+++ b/target/ast10x0/tests/smc/read/target_spi2.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #![no_std]
 #![no_main]
+use ast1060_pac as device;
 #[allow(unused_imports)]
 use ast10x0_peripherals::scu::{
     pinctrl::{
@@ -18,7 +19,6 @@
     SpiUninit, TransferMode,
 };
 use console_backend::console_backend_write_all;
-use core::ptr::{read_volatile, write_volatile};
 use target_common::{declare_target, TargetInterface};
 use {console_backend as _, entry as _};
 
@@ -41,62 +41,68 @@
 GPIO074 = 0x7E78_0074, set bits 26, 27
 */
 fn gpio_flash_power() {
-    // const SCU418: *mut u32 = 0x7E6E_2418 as *mut u32;
-    const GPIO_DATA: *mut u32 = 0x7E78_0070 as *mut u32;
-    const GPIO_DIR: *mut u32 = 0x7E78_0074 as *mut u32;
     const GPIOL2_L3_MASK: u32 = (1 << 26) | (1 << 27);
 
-    unsafe {
-        // Select GPIO function for GPIOL2/GPIOL3.
-        // write_volatile(SCU418, read_volatile(SCU418) & !GPIOL2_L3_MASK);
-        // Configure GPIOL2/GPIOL3 as outputs and drive them high.
-        write_volatile(GPIO_DIR, read_volatile(GPIO_DIR) | GPIOL2_L3_MASK);
-        write_volatile(GPIO_DATA, read_volatile(GPIO_DATA) | GPIOL2_L3_MASK);
-    }
+    // SAFETY: Board initialization has exclusive access to the PAC singleton.
+    let gpio = unsafe { &*device::Gpio::ptr() };
+    gpio.gpio070()
+        .modify(|r, w| unsafe { w.bits(r.bits() | GPIOL2_L3_MASK) });
+    gpio.gpio074()
+        .modify(|r, w| unsafe { w.bits(r.bits() | GPIOL2_L3_MASK) });
 
     for _ in 0..1_000_000 {
         core::hint::spin_loop();
     }
 }
 
-// Temporary raw-MMIO implementation until GPIO and SGPIOM peripherals exist.
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 fn configure_spi2_external_mux(select_mux1: bool) {
-    const SCU41C: *mut u32 = 0x7E6E_241C as *mut u32;
-    const SGPIOM_PIN_MASK: u32 = 0xF << 8;
-
-    const GPIO_E_H_DATA: *mut u32 = 0x7E78_0020 as *mut u32;
-    const GPIO_E_H_DIR: *mut u32 = 0x7E78_0024 as *mut u32;
     const GPIO_E8: u32 = 1 << 8;
-
-    const SGPIOM_DATA_A_D: *mut u32 = 0x7E78_0500 as *mut u32;
-    const SGPIOM_CONFIG: *mut u32 = 0x7E78_0554 as *mut u32;
-    const SGPIOM_WRITE_LATCH_A_D: *const u32 = 0x7E78_0570 as *const u32;
     const SGPIOM_A_D_2: u32 = 1 << 2;
-    const SGPIOM_CONFIG_MASK: u32 = 1 | (0x1F << 6) | (0xFFFF << 16);
-    const SGPIOM_CONFIG_1MHZ_128_PINS: u32 = 1 | (16 << 6) | (24 << 16);
 
-    unsafe {
-        // Select the SGPIOM physical pins and initialize the controller using
-        // the same 1 MHz / 128-pin settings as the Zephyr board configuration.
-        write_volatile(SCU41C, read_volatile(SCU41C) | SGPIOM_PIN_MASK);
-        let config = read_volatile(SGPIOM_CONFIG) & !SGPIOM_CONFIG_MASK;
-        write_volatile(SGPIOM_CONFIG, config | SGPIOM_CONFIG_1MHZ_128_PINS);
+    // SAFETY: Board initialization has exclusive access to the PAC singletons.
+    let gpio = unsafe { &*device::Gpio::ptr() };
+    let sgpio = unsafe { &*device::Sgpiom::ptr() };
+    let _scu_unlocked = unsafe { ScuRegisters::new_global_unlocked() };
+    let scu = unsafe { &*device::Scu::ptr() };
 
-        let mut gpio_data = read_volatile(GPIO_E_H_DATA);
-        let mut sgpio_data = read_volatile(SGPIOM_WRITE_LATCH_A_D);
-        if select_mux1 {
-            gpio_data |= GPIO_E8;
-            sgpio_data |= SGPIOM_A_D_2;
+    scu.scu41c().modify(|_, w| {
+        w.enbl_sgpiomaster_ckfn_pin()
+            .set_bit()
+            .enbl_sgpiomaster_ldfn_pin()
+            .set_bit()
+            .enbl_sgpiomaster_dofn_pin()
+            .set_bit()
+            .enbl_sgpiomaster_difn_pin()
+            .set_bit()
+    });
+    sgpio.gpio554().modify(|_, w| unsafe {
+        w.enbl_of_serial_gpio()
+            .set_bit()
+            .numbers_of_serial_gpiopins()
+            .bits(16)
+            .serial_gpioclk_division()
+            .bits(24)
+    });
+
+    gpio.gpio020().modify(|r, w| unsafe {
+        let bits = if select_mux1 {
+            r.bits() | GPIO_E8
         } else {
-            gpio_data &= !GPIO_E8;
-            sgpio_data &= !SGPIOM_A_D_2;
-        }
+            r.bits() & !GPIO_E8
+        };
+        w.bits(bits)
+    });
+    gpio.gpio024()
+        .modify(|r, w| unsafe { w.bits(r.bits() | GPIO_E8) });
 
-        write_volatile(GPIO_E_H_DATA, gpio_data);
-        write_volatile(GPIO_E_H_DIR, read_volatile(GPIO_E_H_DIR) | GPIO_E8);
-        write_volatile(SGPIOM_DATA_A_D, sgpio_data);
-    }
+    let sgpio_latch = sgpio.gpio570().read().bits();
+    let sgpio_data = if select_mux1 {
+        sgpio_latch | SGPIOM_A_D_2
+    } else {
+        sgpio_latch & !SGPIOM_A_D_2
+    };
+    sgpio.gpio500().write(|w| unsafe { w.bits(sgpio_data) });
 
     // Match the overlay's ext-mux-sel-delay-us = <1000>.
     for _ in 0..100_000 {