blob: 4a453fd7cd83703e94178789df4c46442329f81a [file] [log] [blame]
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file stm32f2xx_hal_dac.c
* @author MCD Application Team
* @brief DAC HAL module driver.
* This file provides firmware functions to manage the following
* functionalities of the Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) peripheral:
* + Initialization and de-initialization functions
* + IO operation functions
* + Peripheral Control functions
* + Peripheral State and Errors functions
*
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2016 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
@verbatim
==============================================================================
##### DAC Peripheral features #####
==============================================================================
[..]
*** DAC Channels ***
====================
[..]
STM32F2 devices integrate two 12-bit Digital Analog Converters
The 2 converters (i.e. channel1 & channel2)
can be used independently or simultaneously (dual mode):
(#) DAC channel1 with DAC_OUT1 (PA4) as output or connected to on-chip
peripherals (ex. timers).
(#) DAC channel2 with DAC_OUT2 (PA5) as output or connected to on-chip
peripherals (ex. timers).
*** DAC Triggers ***
====================
[..]
Digital to Analog conversion can be non-triggered using DAC_TRIGGER_NONE
and DAC_OUT1/DAC_OUT2 is available once writing to DHRx register.
[..]
Digital to Analog conversion can be triggered by:
(#) External event: EXTI Line 9 (any GPIOx_PIN_9) using DAC_TRIGGER_EXT_IT9.
The used pin (GPIOx_PIN_9) must be configured in input mode.
(#) Timers TRGO: TIM2, TIM4, TIM5, TIM6, TIM7 and TIM8
(DAC_TRIGGER_T2_TRGO, DAC_TRIGGER_T4_TRGO...)
(#) Software using DAC_TRIGGER_SOFTWARE
*** DAC Buffer mode feature ***
===============================
[..]
Each DAC channel integrates an output buffer that can be used to
reduce the output impedance, and to drive external loads directly
without having to add an external operational amplifier.
To enable, the output buffer use
sConfig.DAC_OutputBuffer = DAC_OUTPUTBUFFER_ENABLE;
[..]
(@) Refer to the device datasheet for more details about output
impedance value with and without output buffer.
*** GPIO configurations guidelines ***
=====================
[..]
When a DAC channel is used (ex channel1 on PA4) and the other is not
(ex channel2 on PA5 is configured in Analog and disabled).
Channel1 may disturb channel2 as coupling effect.
Note that there is no coupling on channel2 as soon as channel2 is turned on.
Coupling on adjacent channel could be avoided as follows:
when unused PA5 is configured as INPUT PULL-UP or DOWN.
PA5 is configured in ANALOG just before it is turned on.
*** DAC wave generation feature ***
===================================
[..]
Both DAC channels can be used to generate
(#) Noise wave
(#) Triangle wave
*** DAC data format ***
=======================
[..]
The DAC data format can be:
(#) 8-bit right alignment using DAC_ALIGN_8B_R
(#) 12-bit left alignment using DAC_ALIGN_12B_L
(#) 12-bit right alignment using DAC_ALIGN_12B_R
*** DAC data value to voltage correspondence ***
================================================
[..]
The analog output voltage on each DAC channel pin is determined
by the following equation:
[..]
DAC_OUTx = VREF+ * DOR / 4095
(+) with DOR is the Data Output Register
[..]
VREF+ is the input voltage reference (refer to the device datasheet)
[..]
e.g. To set DAC_OUT1 to 0.7V, use
(+) Assuming that VREF+ = 3.3V, DAC_OUT1 = (3.3 * 868) / 4095 = 0.7V
*** DMA requests ***
=====================
[..]
A DMA request can be generated when an external trigger (but not a software trigger)
occurs if DMA1 requests are enabled using HAL_DAC_Start_DMA().
DMA1 requests are mapped as following:
(#) DAC channel1 mapped on DMA1 Stream5 channel7 which must be
already configured
(#) DAC channel2 mapped on DMA1 Stream6 channel7 which must be
already configured
[..]
(@) For Dual mode and specific signal (Triangle and noise) generation please
refer to Extended Features Driver description
##### How to use this driver #####
==============================================================================
[..]
(+) DAC APB clock must be enabled to get write access to DAC
registers using HAL_DAC_Init()
(+) Configure DAC_OUTx (DAC_OUT1: PA4, DAC_OUT2: PA5) in analog mode.
(+) Configure the DAC channel using HAL_DAC_ConfigChannel() function.
(+) Enable the DAC channel using HAL_DAC_Start() or HAL_DAC_Start_DMA() functions.
*** Polling mode IO operation ***
=================================
[..]
(+) Start the DAC peripheral using HAL_DAC_Start()
(+) To read the DAC last data output value, use the HAL_DAC_GetValue() function.
(+) Stop the DAC peripheral using HAL_DAC_Stop()
*** DMA mode IO operation ***
==============================
[..]
(+) Start the DAC peripheral using HAL_DAC_Start_DMA(), at this stage the user specify the length
of data to be transferred at each end of conversion
First issued trigger will start the conversion of the value previously set by HAL_DAC_SetValue().
(+) At the middle of data transfer HAL_DAC_ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh1() or HAL_DACEx_ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh2()
function is executed and user can add his own code by customization of function pointer
HAL_DAC_ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh1() or HAL_DACEx_ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh2()
(+) At The end of data transfer HAL_DAC_ConvCpltCallbackCh1() or HAL_DACEx_ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh2()
function is executed and user can add his own code by customization of function pointer
HAL_DAC_ConvCpltCallbackCh1() or HAL_DACEx_ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh2()
(+) In case of transfer Error, HAL_DAC_ErrorCallbackCh1() function is executed and user can
add his own code by customization of function pointer HAL_DAC_ErrorCallbackCh1
(+) In case of DMA underrun, DAC interruption triggers and execute internal function HAL_DAC_IRQHandler.
HAL_DAC_DMAUnderrunCallbackCh1() or HAL_DACEx_DMAUnderrunCallbackCh2()
function is executed and user can add his own code by customization of function pointer
HAL_DAC_DMAUnderrunCallbackCh1() or HAL_DACEx_DMAUnderrunCallbackCh2() and
add his own code by customization of function pointer HAL_DAC_ErrorCallbackCh1()
(+) Stop the DAC peripheral using HAL_DAC_Stop_DMA()
*** Callback registration ***
=============================================
[..]
The compilation define USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS when set to 1
allows the user to configure dynamically the driver callbacks.
Use Functions @ref HAL_DAC_RegisterCallback() to register a user callback,
it allows to register following callbacks:
(+) ConvCpltCallbackCh1 : callback when a half transfer is completed on Ch1.
(+) ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh1 : callback when a transfer is completed on Ch1.
(+) ErrorCallbackCh1 : callback when an error occurs on Ch1.
(+) DMAUnderrunCallbackCh1 : callback when an underrun error occurs on Ch1.
(+) ConvCpltCallbackCh2 : callback when a half transfer is completed on Ch2.
(+) ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh2 : callback when a transfer is completed on Ch2.
(+) ErrorCallbackCh2 : callback when an error occurs on Ch2.
(+) DMAUnderrunCallbackCh2 : callback when an underrun error occurs on Ch2.
(+) MspInitCallback : DAC MspInit.
(+) MspDeInitCallback : DAC MspdeInit.
This function takes as parameters the HAL peripheral handle, the Callback ID
and a pointer to the user callback function.
Use function @ref HAL_DAC_UnRegisterCallback() to reset a callback to the default
weak (surcharged) function. It allows to reset following callbacks:
(+) ConvCpltCallbackCh1 : callback when a half transfer is completed on Ch1.
(+) ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh1 : callback when a transfer is completed on Ch1.
(+) ErrorCallbackCh1 : callback when an error occurs on Ch1.
(+) DMAUnderrunCallbackCh1 : callback when an underrun error occurs on Ch1.
(+) ConvCpltCallbackCh2 : callback when a half transfer is completed on Ch2.
(+) ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh2 : callback when a transfer is completed on Ch2.
(+) ErrorCallbackCh2 : callback when an error occurs on Ch2.
(+) DMAUnderrunCallbackCh2 : callback when an underrun error occurs on Ch2.
(+) MspInitCallback : DAC MspInit.
(+) MspDeInitCallback : DAC MspdeInit.
(+) All Callbacks
This function) takes as parameters the HAL peripheral handle and the Callback ID.
By default, after the @ref HAL_DAC_Init and if the state is HAL_DAC_STATE_RESET
all callbacks are reset to the corresponding legacy weak (surcharged) functions.
Exception done for MspInit and MspDeInit callbacks that are respectively
reset to the legacy weak (surcharged) functions in the @ref HAL_DAC_Init
and @ref HAL_DAC_DeInit only when these callbacks are null (not registered beforehand).
If not, MspInit or MspDeInit are not null, the @ref HAL_DAC_Init and @ref HAL_DAC_DeInit
keep and use the user MspInit/MspDeInit callbacks (registered beforehand)
Callbacks can be registered/unregistered in READY state only.
Exception done for MspInit/MspDeInit callbacks that can be registered/unregistered
in READY or RESET state, thus registered (user) MspInit/DeInit callbacks can be used
during the Init/DeInit.
In that case first register the MspInit/MspDeInit user callbacks
using @ref HAL_DAC_RegisterCallback before calling @ref HAL_DAC_DeInit
or @ref HAL_DAC_Init function.
When The compilation define USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS is set to 0 or
not defined, the callback registering feature is not available
and weak (surcharged) callbacks are used.
*** DAC HAL driver macros list ***
=============================================
[..]
Below the list of most used macros in DAC HAL driver.
(+) __HAL_DAC_ENABLE : Enable the DAC peripheral
(+) __HAL_DAC_DISABLE : Disable the DAC peripheral
(+) __HAL_DAC_CLEAR_FLAG: Clear the DAC's pending flags
(+) __HAL_DAC_GET_FLAG: Get the selected DAC's flag status
[..]
(@) You can refer to the DAC HAL driver header file for more useful macros
@endverbatim
******************************************************************************
*/
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "stm32f2xx_hal.h"
/** @addtogroup STM32F2xx_HAL_Driver
* @{
*/
#ifdef HAL_DAC_MODULE_ENABLED
#if defined(DAC)
/** @defgroup DAC DAC
* @brief DAC driver modules
* @{
*/
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Private constants ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
/* Exported functions -------------------------------------------------------*/
/** @defgroup DAC_Exported_Functions DAC Exported Functions
* @{
*/
/** @defgroup DAC_Exported_Functions_Group1 Initialization and de-initialization functions
* @brief Initialization and Configuration functions
*
@verbatim
==============================================================================
##### Initialization and de-initialization functions #####
==============================================================================
[..] This section provides functions allowing to:
(+) Initialize and configure the DAC.
(+) De-initialize the DAC.
@endverbatim
* @{
*/
/**
* @brief Initialize the DAC peripheral according to the specified parameters
* in the DAC_InitStruct and initialize the associated handle.
* @param hdac pointer to a DAC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DAC.
* @retval HAL status
*/
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_DAC_Init(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac)
{
/* Check DAC handle */
if (hdac == NULL)
{
return HAL_ERROR;
}
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_DAC_ALL_INSTANCE(hdac->Instance));
if (hdac->State == HAL_DAC_STATE_RESET)
{
#if (USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
/* Init the DAC Callback settings */
hdac->ConvCpltCallbackCh1 = HAL_DAC_ConvCpltCallbackCh1;
hdac->ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh1 = HAL_DAC_ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh1;
hdac->ErrorCallbackCh1 = HAL_DAC_ErrorCallbackCh1;
hdac->DMAUnderrunCallbackCh1 = HAL_DAC_DMAUnderrunCallbackCh1;
hdac->ConvCpltCallbackCh2 = HAL_DACEx_ConvCpltCallbackCh2;
hdac->ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh2 = HAL_DACEx_ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh2;
hdac->ErrorCallbackCh2 = HAL_DACEx_ErrorCallbackCh2;
hdac->DMAUnderrunCallbackCh2 = HAL_DACEx_DMAUnderrunCallbackCh2;
if (hdac->MspInitCallback == NULL)
{
hdac->MspInitCallback = HAL_DAC_MspInit;
}
#endif /* USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
/* Allocate lock resource and initialize it */
hdac->Lock = HAL_UNLOCKED;
#if (USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
/* Init the low level hardware */
hdac->MspInitCallback(hdac);
#else
/* Init the low level hardware */
HAL_DAC_MspInit(hdac);
#endif /* USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
}
/* Initialize the DAC state*/
hdac->State = HAL_DAC_STATE_BUSY;
/* Set DAC error code to none */
hdac->ErrorCode = HAL_DAC_ERROR_NONE;
/* Initialize the DAC state*/
hdac->State = HAL_DAC_STATE_READY;
/* Return function status */
return HAL_OK;
}
/**
* @brief Deinitialize the DAC peripheral registers to their default reset values.
* @param hdac pointer to a DAC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DAC.
* @retval HAL status
*/
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_DAC_DeInit(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac)
{
/* Check DAC handle */
if (hdac == NULL)
{
return HAL_ERROR;
}
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_DAC_ALL_INSTANCE(hdac->Instance));
/* Change DAC state */
hdac->State = HAL_DAC_STATE_BUSY;
#if (USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
if (hdac->MspDeInitCallback == NULL)
{
hdac->MspDeInitCallback = HAL_DAC_MspDeInit;
}
/* DeInit the low level hardware */
hdac->MspDeInitCallback(hdac);
#else
/* DeInit the low level hardware */
HAL_DAC_MspDeInit(hdac);
#endif /* USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
/* Set DAC error code to none */
hdac->ErrorCode = HAL_DAC_ERROR_NONE;
/* Change DAC state */
hdac->State = HAL_DAC_STATE_RESET;
/* Release Lock */
__HAL_UNLOCK(hdac);
/* Return function status */
return HAL_OK;
}
/**
* @brief Initialize the DAC MSP.
* @param hdac pointer to a DAC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DAC.
* @retval None
*/
__weak void HAL_DAC_MspInit(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac)
{
/* Prevent unused argument(s) compilation warning */
UNUSED(hdac);
/* NOTE : This function should not be modified, when the callback is needed,
the HAL_DAC_MspInit could be implemented in the user file
*/
}
/**
* @brief DeInitialize the DAC MSP.
* @param hdac pointer to a DAC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DAC.
* @retval None
*/
__weak void HAL_DAC_MspDeInit(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac)
{
/* Prevent unused argument(s) compilation warning */
UNUSED(hdac);
/* NOTE : This function should not be modified, when the callback is needed,
the HAL_DAC_MspDeInit could be implemented in the user file
*/
}
/**
* @}
*/
/** @defgroup DAC_Exported_Functions_Group2 IO operation functions
* @brief IO operation functions
*
@verbatim
==============================================================================
##### IO operation functions #####
==============================================================================
[..] This section provides functions allowing to:
(+) Start conversion.
(+) Stop conversion.
(+) Start conversion and enable DMA transfer.
(+) Stop conversion and disable DMA transfer.
(+) Get result of conversion.
@endverbatim
* @{
*/
/**
* @brief Enables DAC and starts conversion of channel.
* @param hdac pointer to a DAC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DAC.
* @param Channel The selected DAC channel.
* This parameter can be one of the following values:
* @arg DAC_CHANNEL_1: DAC Channel1 selected
* @arg DAC_CHANNEL_2: DAC Channel2 selected
* @retval HAL status
*/
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_DAC_Start(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac, uint32_t Channel)
{
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_DAC_CHANNEL(Channel));
/* Process locked */
__HAL_LOCK(hdac);
/* Change DAC state */
hdac->State = HAL_DAC_STATE_BUSY;
/* Enable the Peripheral */
__HAL_DAC_ENABLE(hdac, Channel);
if (Channel == DAC_CHANNEL_1)
{
/* Check if software trigger enabled */
if ((hdac->Instance->CR & (DAC_CR_TEN1 | DAC_CR_TSEL1)) == DAC_TRIGGER_SOFTWARE)
{
/* Enable the selected DAC software conversion */
SET_BIT(hdac->Instance->SWTRIGR, DAC_SWTRIGR_SWTRIG1);
}
}
else
{
/* Check if software trigger enabled */
if ((hdac->Instance->CR & (DAC_CR_TEN2 | DAC_CR_TSEL2)) == (DAC_TRIGGER_SOFTWARE << (Channel & 0x10UL)))
{
/* Enable the selected DAC software conversion*/
SET_BIT(hdac->Instance->SWTRIGR, DAC_SWTRIGR_SWTRIG2);
}
}
/* Change DAC state */
hdac->State = HAL_DAC_STATE_READY;
/* Process unlocked */
__HAL_UNLOCK(hdac);
/* Return function status */
return HAL_OK;
}
/**
* @brief Disables DAC and stop conversion of channel.
* @param hdac pointer to a DAC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DAC.
* @param Channel The selected DAC channel.
* This parameter can be one of the following values:
* @arg DAC_CHANNEL_1: DAC Channel1 selected
* @arg DAC_CHANNEL_2: DAC Channel2 selected
* @retval HAL status
*/
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_DAC_Stop(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac, uint32_t Channel)
{
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_DAC_CHANNEL(Channel));
/* Disable the Peripheral */
__HAL_DAC_DISABLE(hdac, Channel);
/* Change DAC state */
hdac->State = HAL_DAC_STATE_READY;
/* Return function status */
return HAL_OK;
}
/**
* @brief Enables DAC and starts conversion of channel.
* @param hdac pointer to a DAC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DAC.
* @param Channel The selected DAC channel.
* This parameter can be one of the following values:
* @arg DAC_CHANNEL_1: DAC Channel1 selected
* @arg DAC_CHANNEL_2: DAC Channel2 selected
* @param pData The source Buffer address.
* @param Length The length of data to be transferred from memory to DAC peripheral
* @param Alignment Specifies the data alignment for DAC channel.
* This parameter can be one of the following values:
* @arg DAC_ALIGN_8B_R: 8bit right data alignment selected
* @arg DAC_ALIGN_12B_L: 12bit left data alignment selected
* @arg DAC_ALIGN_12B_R: 12bit right data alignment selected
* @retval HAL status
*/
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_DAC_Start_DMA(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac, uint32_t Channel, uint32_t *pData, uint32_t Length,
uint32_t Alignment)
{
HAL_StatusTypeDef status;
uint32_t tmpreg = 0U;
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_DAC_CHANNEL(Channel));
assert_param(IS_DAC_ALIGN(Alignment));
/* Process locked */
__HAL_LOCK(hdac);
/* Change DAC state */
hdac->State = HAL_DAC_STATE_BUSY;
if (Channel == DAC_CHANNEL_1)
{
/* Set the DMA transfer complete callback for channel1 */
hdac->DMA_Handle1->XferCpltCallback = DAC_DMAConvCpltCh1;
/* Set the DMA half transfer complete callback for channel1 */
hdac->DMA_Handle1->XferHalfCpltCallback = DAC_DMAHalfConvCpltCh1;
/* Set the DMA error callback for channel1 */
hdac->DMA_Handle1->XferErrorCallback = DAC_DMAErrorCh1;
/* Enable the selected DAC channel1 DMA request */
SET_BIT(hdac->Instance->CR, DAC_CR_DMAEN1);
/* Case of use of channel 1 */
switch (Alignment)
{
case DAC_ALIGN_12B_R:
/* Get DHR12R1 address */
tmpreg = (uint32_t)&hdac->Instance->DHR12R1;
break;
case DAC_ALIGN_12B_L:
/* Get DHR12L1 address */
tmpreg = (uint32_t)&hdac->Instance->DHR12L1;
break;
case DAC_ALIGN_8B_R:
/* Get DHR8R1 address */
tmpreg = (uint32_t)&hdac->Instance->DHR8R1;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
else
{
/* Set the DMA transfer complete callback for channel2 */
hdac->DMA_Handle2->XferCpltCallback = DAC_DMAConvCpltCh2;
/* Set the DMA half transfer complete callback for channel2 */
hdac->DMA_Handle2->XferHalfCpltCallback = DAC_DMAHalfConvCpltCh2;
/* Set the DMA error callback for channel2 */
hdac->DMA_Handle2->XferErrorCallback = DAC_DMAErrorCh2;
/* Enable the selected DAC channel2 DMA request */
SET_BIT(hdac->Instance->CR, DAC_CR_DMAEN2);
/* Case of use of channel 2 */
switch (Alignment)
{
case DAC_ALIGN_12B_R:
/* Get DHR12R2 address */
tmpreg = (uint32_t)&hdac->Instance->DHR12R2;
break;
case DAC_ALIGN_12B_L:
/* Get DHR12L2 address */
tmpreg = (uint32_t)&hdac->Instance->DHR12L2;
break;
case DAC_ALIGN_8B_R:
/* Get DHR8R2 address */
tmpreg = (uint32_t)&hdac->Instance->DHR8R2;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
/* Enable the DMA Stream */
if (Channel == DAC_CHANNEL_1)
{
/* Enable the DAC DMA underrun interrupt */
__HAL_DAC_ENABLE_IT(hdac, DAC_IT_DMAUDR1);
/* Enable the DMA Stream */
status = HAL_DMA_Start_IT(hdac->DMA_Handle1, (uint32_t)pData, tmpreg, Length);
}
else
{
/* Enable the DAC DMA underrun interrupt */
__HAL_DAC_ENABLE_IT(hdac, DAC_IT_DMAUDR2);
/* Enable the DMA Stream */
status = HAL_DMA_Start_IT(hdac->DMA_Handle2, (uint32_t)pData, tmpreg, Length);
}
/* Process Unlocked */
__HAL_UNLOCK(hdac);
if (status == HAL_OK)
{
/* Enable the Peripheral */
__HAL_DAC_ENABLE(hdac, Channel);
}
else
{
hdac->ErrorCode |= HAL_DAC_ERROR_DMA;
}
/* Return function status */
return status;
}
/**
* @brief Disables DAC and stop conversion of channel.
* @param hdac pointer to a DAC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DAC.
* @param Channel The selected DAC channel.
* This parameter can be one of the following values:
* @arg DAC_CHANNEL_1: DAC Channel1 selected
* @arg DAC_CHANNEL_2: DAC Channel2 selected
* @retval HAL status
*/
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_DAC_Stop_DMA(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac, uint32_t Channel)
{
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_DAC_CHANNEL(Channel));
/* Disable the selected DAC channel DMA request */
hdac->Instance->CR &= ~(DAC_CR_DMAEN1 << (Channel & 0x10UL));
/* Disable the Peripheral */
__HAL_DAC_DISABLE(hdac, Channel);
/* Disable the DMA Stream */
/* Channel1 is used */
if (Channel == DAC_CHANNEL_1)
{
/* Disable the DMA Stream */
(void)HAL_DMA_Abort(hdac->DMA_Handle1);
/* Disable the DAC DMA underrun interrupt */
__HAL_DAC_DISABLE_IT(hdac, DAC_IT_DMAUDR1);
}
else /* Channel2 is used for */
{
/* Disable the DMA Stream */
(void)HAL_DMA_Abort(hdac->DMA_Handle2);
/* Disable the DAC DMA underrun interrupt */
__HAL_DAC_DISABLE_IT(hdac, DAC_IT_DMAUDR2);
}
/* Change DAC state */
hdac->State = HAL_DAC_STATE_READY;
/* Return function status */
return HAL_OK;
}
/**
* @brief Handles DAC interrupt request
* This function uses the interruption of DMA
* underrun.
* @param hdac pointer to a DAC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DAC.
* @retval None
*/
void HAL_DAC_IRQHandler(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac)
{
if (__HAL_DAC_GET_IT_SOURCE(hdac, DAC_IT_DMAUDR1))
{
/* Check underrun flag of DAC channel 1 */
if (__HAL_DAC_GET_FLAG(hdac, DAC_FLAG_DMAUDR1))
{
/* Change DAC state to error state */
hdac->State = HAL_DAC_STATE_ERROR;
/* Set DAC error code to channel1 DMA underrun error */
SET_BIT(hdac->ErrorCode, HAL_DAC_ERROR_DMAUNDERRUNCH1);
/* Clear the underrun flag */
__HAL_DAC_CLEAR_FLAG(hdac, DAC_FLAG_DMAUDR1);
/* Disable the selected DAC channel1 DMA request */
CLEAR_BIT(hdac->Instance->CR, DAC_CR_DMAEN1);
/* Error callback */
#if (USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
hdac->DMAUnderrunCallbackCh1(hdac);
#else
HAL_DAC_DMAUnderrunCallbackCh1(hdac);
#endif /* USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
}
}
if (__HAL_DAC_GET_IT_SOURCE(hdac, DAC_IT_DMAUDR2))
{
/* Check underrun flag of DAC channel 2 */
if (__HAL_DAC_GET_FLAG(hdac, DAC_FLAG_DMAUDR2))
{
/* Change DAC state to error state */
hdac->State = HAL_DAC_STATE_ERROR;
/* Set DAC error code to channel2 DMA underrun error */
SET_BIT(hdac->ErrorCode, HAL_DAC_ERROR_DMAUNDERRUNCH2);
/* Clear the underrun flag */
__HAL_DAC_CLEAR_FLAG(hdac, DAC_FLAG_DMAUDR2);
/* Disable the selected DAC channel2 DMA request */
CLEAR_BIT(hdac->Instance->CR, DAC_CR_DMAEN2);
/* Error callback */
#if (USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
hdac->DMAUnderrunCallbackCh2(hdac);
#else
HAL_DACEx_DMAUnderrunCallbackCh2(hdac);
#endif /* USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
}
}
}
/**
* @brief Set the specified data holding register value for DAC channel.
* @param hdac pointer to a DAC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DAC.
* @param Channel The selected DAC channel.
* This parameter can be one of the following values:
* @arg DAC_CHANNEL_1: DAC Channel1 selected
* @arg DAC_CHANNEL_2: DAC Channel2 selected
* @param Alignment Specifies the data alignment.
* This parameter can be one of the following values:
* @arg DAC_ALIGN_8B_R: 8bit right data alignment selected
* @arg DAC_ALIGN_12B_L: 12bit left data alignment selected
* @arg DAC_ALIGN_12B_R: 12bit right data alignment selected
* @param Data Data to be loaded in the selected data holding register.
* @retval HAL status
*/
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_DAC_SetValue(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac, uint32_t Channel, uint32_t Alignment, uint32_t Data)
{
__IO uint32_t tmp = 0UL;
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_DAC_CHANNEL(Channel));
assert_param(IS_DAC_ALIGN(Alignment));
assert_param(IS_DAC_DATA(Data));
tmp = (uint32_t)hdac->Instance;
if (Channel == DAC_CHANNEL_1)
{
tmp += DAC_DHR12R1_ALIGNMENT(Alignment);
}
else
{
tmp += DAC_DHR12R2_ALIGNMENT(Alignment);
}
/* Set the DAC channel selected data holding register */
*(__IO uint32_t *) tmp = Data;
/* Return function status */
return HAL_OK;
}
/**
* @brief Conversion complete callback in non-blocking mode for Channel1
* @param hdac pointer to a DAC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DAC.
* @retval None
*/
__weak void HAL_DAC_ConvCpltCallbackCh1(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac)
{
/* Prevent unused argument(s) compilation warning */
UNUSED(hdac);
/* NOTE : This function should not be modified, when the callback is needed,
the HAL_DAC_ConvCpltCallbackCh1 could be implemented in the user file
*/
}
/**
* @brief Conversion half DMA transfer callback in non-blocking mode for Channel1
* @param hdac pointer to a DAC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DAC.
* @retval None
*/
__weak void HAL_DAC_ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh1(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac)
{
/* Prevent unused argument(s) compilation warning */
UNUSED(hdac);
/* NOTE : This function should not be modified, when the callback is needed,
the HAL_DAC_ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh1 could be implemented in the user file
*/
}
/**
* @brief Error DAC callback for Channel1.
* @param hdac pointer to a DAC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DAC.
* @retval None
*/
__weak void HAL_DAC_ErrorCallbackCh1(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac)
{
/* Prevent unused argument(s) compilation warning */
UNUSED(hdac);
/* NOTE : This function should not be modified, when the callback is needed,
the HAL_DAC_ErrorCallbackCh1 could be implemented in the user file
*/
}
/**
* @brief DMA underrun DAC callback for channel1.
* @param hdac pointer to a DAC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DAC.
* @retval None
*/
__weak void HAL_DAC_DMAUnderrunCallbackCh1(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac)
{
/* Prevent unused argument(s) compilation warning */
UNUSED(hdac);
/* NOTE : This function should not be modified, when the callback is needed,
the HAL_DAC_DMAUnderrunCallbackCh1 could be implemented in the user file
*/
}
/**
* @}
*/
/** @defgroup DAC_Exported_Functions_Group3 Peripheral Control functions
* @brief Peripheral Control functions
*
@verbatim
==============================================================================
##### Peripheral Control functions #####
==============================================================================
[..] This section provides functions allowing to:
(+) Configure channels.
(+) Set the specified data holding register value for DAC channel.
@endverbatim
* @{
*/
/**
* @brief Returns the last data output value of the selected DAC channel.
* @param hdac pointer to a DAC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DAC.
* @param Channel The selected DAC channel.
* This parameter can be one of the following values:
* @arg DAC_CHANNEL_1: DAC Channel1 selected
* @arg DAC_CHANNEL_2: DAC Channel2 selected
* @retval The selected DAC channel data output value.
*/
uint32_t HAL_DAC_GetValue(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac, uint32_t Channel)
{
uint32_t result;
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_DAC_CHANNEL(Channel));
if (Channel == DAC_CHANNEL_1)
{
result = hdac->Instance->DOR1;
}
else
{
result = hdac->Instance->DOR2;
}
/* Returns the DAC channel data output register value */
return result;
}
/**
* @brief Configures the selected DAC channel.
* @param hdac pointer to a DAC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DAC.
* @param sConfig DAC configuration structure.
* @param Channel The selected DAC channel.
* This parameter can be one of the following values:
* @arg DAC_CHANNEL_1: DAC Channel1 selected
* @arg DAC_CHANNEL_2: DAC Channel2 selected
* @retval HAL status
*/
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_DAC_ConfigChannel(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac, DAC_ChannelConfTypeDef *sConfig, uint32_t Channel)
{
uint32_t tmpreg1;
uint32_t tmpreg2;
/* Check the DAC parameters */
assert_param(IS_DAC_TRIGGER(sConfig->DAC_Trigger));
assert_param(IS_DAC_OUTPUT_BUFFER_STATE(sConfig->DAC_OutputBuffer));
assert_param(IS_DAC_CHANNEL(Channel));
/* Process locked */
__HAL_LOCK(hdac);
/* Change DAC state */
hdac->State = HAL_DAC_STATE_BUSY;
/* Get the DAC CR value */
tmpreg1 = hdac->Instance->CR;
/* Clear BOFFx, TENx, TSELx, WAVEx and MAMPx bits */
tmpreg1 &= ~(((uint32_t)(DAC_CR_MAMP1 | DAC_CR_WAVE1 | DAC_CR_TSEL1 | DAC_CR_TEN1 | DAC_CR_BOFF1)) << (Channel & 0x10UL));
/* Configure for the selected DAC channel: buffer output, trigger */
/* Set TSELx and TENx bits according to DAC_Trigger value */
/* Set BOFFx bit according to DAC_OutputBuffer value */
tmpreg2 = (sConfig->DAC_Trigger | sConfig->DAC_OutputBuffer);
/* Calculate CR register value depending on DAC_Channel */
tmpreg1 |= tmpreg2 << (Channel & 0x10UL);
/* Write to DAC CR */
hdac->Instance->CR = tmpreg1;
/* Disable wave generation */
CLEAR_BIT(hdac->Instance->CR, (DAC_CR_WAVE1 << (Channel & 0x10UL)));
/* Change DAC state */
hdac->State = HAL_DAC_STATE_READY;
/* Process unlocked */
__HAL_UNLOCK(hdac);
/* Return function status */
return HAL_OK;
}
/**
* @}
*/
/** @defgroup DAC_Exported_Functions_Group4 Peripheral State and Errors functions
* @brief Peripheral State and Errors functions
*
@verbatim
==============================================================================
##### Peripheral State and Errors functions #####
==============================================================================
[..]
This subsection provides functions allowing to
(+) Check the DAC state.
(+) Check the DAC Errors.
@endverbatim
* @{
*/
/**
* @brief return the DAC handle state
* @param hdac pointer to a DAC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DAC.
* @retval HAL state
*/
HAL_DAC_StateTypeDef HAL_DAC_GetState(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac)
{
/* Return DAC handle state */
return hdac->State;
}
/**
* @brief Return the DAC error code
* @param hdac pointer to a DAC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DAC.
* @retval DAC Error Code
*/
uint32_t HAL_DAC_GetError(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac)
{
return hdac->ErrorCode;
}
/**
* @}
*/
/**
* @}
*/
/** @addtogroup DAC_Exported_Functions
* @{
*/
/** @addtogroup DAC_Exported_Functions_Group1
* @{
*/
#if (USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
/**
* @brief Register a User DAC Callback
* To be used instead of the weak (surcharged) predefined callback
* @param hdac DAC handle
* @param CallbackID ID of the callback to be registered
* This parameter can be one of the following values:
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_ERROR_INVALID_CALLBACK DAC Error Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_CH1_COMPLETE_CB_ID DAC CH1 Complete Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_CH1_HALF_COMPLETE_CB_ID DAC CH1 Half Complete Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_CH1_ERROR_ID DAC CH1 Error Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_CH1_UNDERRUN_CB_ID DAC CH1 UnderRun Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_CH2_COMPLETE_CB_ID DAC CH2 Complete Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_CH2_HALF_COMPLETE_CB_ID DAC CH2 Half Complete Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_CH2_ERROR_ID DAC CH2 Error Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_CH2_UNDERRUN_CB_ID DAC CH2 UnderRun Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_MSPINIT_CB_ID DAC MSP Init Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_MSPDEINIT_CB_ID DAC MSP DeInit Callback ID
*
* @param pCallback pointer to the Callback function
* @retval status
*/
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_DAC_RegisterCallback(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac, HAL_DAC_CallbackIDTypeDef CallbackID,
pDAC_CallbackTypeDef pCallback)
{
HAL_StatusTypeDef status = HAL_OK;
if (pCallback == NULL)
{
/* Update the error code */
hdac->ErrorCode |= HAL_DAC_ERROR_INVALID_CALLBACK;
return HAL_ERROR;
}
/* Process locked */
__HAL_LOCK(hdac);
if (hdac->State == HAL_DAC_STATE_READY)
{
switch (CallbackID)
{
case HAL_DAC_CH1_COMPLETE_CB_ID :
hdac->ConvCpltCallbackCh1 = pCallback;
break;
case HAL_DAC_CH1_HALF_COMPLETE_CB_ID :
hdac->ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh1 = pCallback;
break;
case HAL_DAC_CH1_ERROR_ID :
hdac->ErrorCallbackCh1 = pCallback;
break;
case HAL_DAC_CH1_UNDERRUN_CB_ID :
hdac->DMAUnderrunCallbackCh1 = pCallback;
break;
case HAL_DAC_CH2_COMPLETE_CB_ID :
hdac->ConvCpltCallbackCh2 = pCallback;
break;
case HAL_DAC_CH2_HALF_COMPLETE_CB_ID :
hdac->ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh2 = pCallback;
break;
case HAL_DAC_CH2_ERROR_ID :
hdac->ErrorCallbackCh2 = pCallback;
break;
case HAL_DAC_CH2_UNDERRUN_CB_ID :
hdac->DMAUnderrunCallbackCh2 = pCallback;
break;
case HAL_DAC_MSPINIT_CB_ID :
hdac->MspInitCallback = pCallback;
break;
case HAL_DAC_MSPDEINIT_CB_ID :
hdac->MspDeInitCallback = pCallback;
break;
default :
/* Update the error code */
hdac->ErrorCode |= HAL_DAC_ERROR_INVALID_CALLBACK;
/* update return status */
status = HAL_ERROR;
break;
}
}
else if (hdac->State == HAL_DAC_STATE_RESET)
{
switch (CallbackID)
{
case HAL_DAC_MSPINIT_CB_ID :
hdac->MspInitCallback = pCallback;
break;
case HAL_DAC_MSPDEINIT_CB_ID :
hdac->MspDeInitCallback = pCallback;
break;
default :
/* Update the error code */
hdac->ErrorCode |= HAL_DAC_ERROR_INVALID_CALLBACK;
/* update return status */
status = HAL_ERROR;
break;
}
}
else
{
/* Update the error code */
hdac->ErrorCode |= HAL_DAC_ERROR_INVALID_CALLBACK;
/* update return status */
status = HAL_ERROR;
}
/* Release Lock */
__HAL_UNLOCK(hdac);
return status;
}
/**
* @brief Unregister a User DAC Callback
* DAC Callback is redirected to the weak (surcharged) predefined callback
* @param hdac DAC handle
* @param CallbackID ID of the callback to be unregistered
* This parameter can be one of the following values:
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_CH1_COMPLETE_CB_ID DAC CH1 transfer Complete Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_CH1_HALF_COMPLETE_CB_ID DAC CH1 Half Complete Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_CH1_ERROR_ID DAC CH1 Error Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_CH1_UNDERRUN_CB_ID DAC CH1 UnderRun Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_CH2_COMPLETE_CB_ID DAC CH2 Complete Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_CH2_HALF_COMPLETE_CB_ID DAC CH2 Half Complete Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_CH2_ERROR_ID DAC CH2 Error Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_CH2_UNDERRUN_CB_ID DAC CH2 UnderRun Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_MSPINIT_CB_ID DAC MSP Init Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_MSPDEINIT_CB_ID DAC MSP DeInit Callback ID
* @arg @ref HAL_DAC_ALL_CB_ID DAC All callbacks
* @retval status
*/
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_DAC_UnRegisterCallback(DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac, HAL_DAC_CallbackIDTypeDef CallbackID)
{
HAL_StatusTypeDef status = HAL_OK;
/* Process locked */
__HAL_LOCK(hdac);
if (hdac->State == HAL_DAC_STATE_READY)
{
switch (CallbackID)
{
case HAL_DAC_CH1_COMPLETE_CB_ID :
hdac->ConvCpltCallbackCh1 = HAL_DAC_ConvCpltCallbackCh1;
break;
case HAL_DAC_CH1_HALF_COMPLETE_CB_ID :
hdac->ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh1 = HAL_DAC_ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh1;
break;
case HAL_DAC_CH1_ERROR_ID :
hdac->ErrorCallbackCh1 = HAL_DAC_ErrorCallbackCh1;
break;
case HAL_DAC_CH1_UNDERRUN_CB_ID :
hdac->DMAUnderrunCallbackCh1 = HAL_DAC_DMAUnderrunCallbackCh1;
break;
case HAL_DAC_CH2_COMPLETE_CB_ID :
hdac->ConvCpltCallbackCh2 = HAL_DACEx_ConvCpltCallbackCh2;
break;
case HAL_DAC_CH2_HALF_COMPLETE_CB_ID :
hdac->ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh2 = HAL_DACEx_ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh2;
break;
case HAL_DAC_CH2_ERROR_ID :
hdac->ErrorCallbackCh2 = HAL_DACEx_ErrorCallbackCh2;
break;
case HAL_DAC_CH2_UNDERRUN_CB_ID :
hdac->DMAUnderrunCallbackCh2 = HAL_DACEx_DMAUnderrunCallbackCh2;
break;
case HAL_DAC_MSPINIT_CB_ID :
hdac->MspInitCallback = HAL_DAC_MspInit;
break;
case HAL_DAC_MSPDEINIT_CB_ID :
hdac->MspDeInitCallback = HAL_DAC_MspDeInit;
break;
case HAL_DAC_ALL_CB_ID :
hdac->ConvCpltCallbackCh1 = HAL_DAC_ConvCpltCallbackCh1;
hdac->ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh1 = HAL_DAC_ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh1;
hdac->ErrorCallbackCh1 = HAL_DAC_ErrorCallbackCh1;
hdac->DMAUnderrunCallbackCh1 = HAL_DAC_DMAUnderrunCallbackCh1;
hdac->ConvCpltCallbackCh2 = HAL_DACEx_ConvCpltCallbackCh2;
hdac->ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh2 = HAL_DACEx_ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh2;
hdac->ErrorCallbackCh2 = HAL_DACEx_ErrorCallbackCh2;
hdac->DMAUnderrunCallbackCh2 = HAL_DACEx_DMAUnderrunCallbackCh2;
hdac->MspInitCallback = HAL_DAC_MspInit;
hdac->MspDeInitCallback = HAL_DAC_MspDeInit;
break;
default :
/* Update the error code */
hdac->ErrorCode |= HAL_DAC_ERROR_INVALID_CALLBACK;
/* update return status */
status = HAL_ERROR;
break;
}
}
else if (hdac->State == HAL_DAC_STATE_RESET)
{
switch (CallbackID)
{
case HAL_DAC_MSPINIT_CB_ID :
hdac->MspInitCallback = HAL_DAC_MspInit;
break;
case HAL_DAC_MSPDEINIT_CB_ID :
hdac->MspDeInitCallback = HAL_DAC_MspDeInit;
break;
default :
/* Update the error code */
hdac->ErrorCode |= HAL_DAC_ERROR_INVALID_CALLBACK;
/* update return status */
status = HAL_ERROR;
break;
}
}
else
{
/* Update the error code */
hdac->ErrorCode |= HAL_DAC_ERROR_INVALID_CALLBACK;
/* update return status */
status = HAL_ERROR;
}
/* Release Lock */
__HAL_UNLOCK(hdac);
return status;
}
#endif /* USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
/**
* @}
*/
/**
* @}
*/
/** @addtogroup DAC_Private_Functions
* @{
*/
/**
* @brief DMA conversion complete callback.
* @param hdma pointer to a DMA_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DMA module.
* @retval None
*/
void DAC_DMAConvCpltCh1(DMA_HandleTypeDef *hdma)
{
DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac = (DAC_HandleTypeDef *)((DMA_HandleTypeDef *)hdma)->Parent;
#if (USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
hdac->ConvCpltCallbackCh1(hdac);
#else
HAL_DAC_ConvCpltCallbackCh1(hdac);
#endif /* USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
hdac->State = HAL_DAC_STATE_READY;
}
/**
* @brief DMA half transfer complete callback.
* @param hdma pointer to a DMA_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DMA module.
* @retval None
*/
void DAC_DMAHalfConvCpltCh1(DMA_HandleTypeDef *hdma)
{
DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac = (DAC_HandleTypeDef *)((DMA_HandleTypeDef *)hdma)->Parent;
/* Conversion complete callback */
#if (USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
hdac->ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh1(hdac);
#else
HAL_DAC_ConvHalfCpltCallbackCh1(hdac);
#endif /* USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
}
/**
* @brief DMA error callback
* @param hdma pointer to a DMA_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for the specified DMA module.
* @retval None
*/
void DAC_DMAErrorCh1(DMA_HandleTypeDef *hdma)
{
DAC_HandleTypeDef *hdac = (DAC_HandleTypeDef *)((DMA_HandleTypeDef *)hdma)->Parent;
/* Set DAC error code to DMA error */
hdac->ErrorCode |= HAL_DAC_ERROR_DMA;
#if (USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
hdac->ErrorCallbackCh1(hdac);
#else
HAL_DAC_ErrorCallbackCh1(hdac);
#endif /* USE_HAL_DAC_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
hdac->State = HAL_DAC_STATE_READY;
}
/**
* @}
*/
/**
* @}
*/
#endif /* DAC */
#endif /* HAL_DAC_MODULE_ENABLED */
/**
* @}
*/