posix: Add basic sysconf() function implementation

The patch introduces basic implementation of sysconf() function.
It's based on macro - that means that every function call is resolved
at compile time - and is not fully complient with POSIX standard
(the errno value is not handled and passing invalid name argument
results in compilation error). Treat this commit as a starting point
for proper sysconf() implementation. The one introduced in the patch
could stay as a defult implementation.

sysconf() documentation:
https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/sysconf.html
https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/sysconf.3.html

Fixes #56670

Signed-off-by: Adam Wojasinski <awojasinski@baylibre.com>
2 files changed