[roll third_party/pigweed] pw_toolchain: Implement Newlib OS interface functions

Starting in arm-none-eabi-gcc 11.3, the compiler outputs warnings if
Newlib OS interface functions are called but not implemented. A default
that returns an error is used in that case. The Newlib OS interface is
documented at https://sourceware.org/newlib/libc.html#Stubs.

Most of the Newlib OS interface functions should never be called in
Pigweed. Implement these functions but have them invoke an undefined
function to force a linker error if they are used.

In addition to implementing the OS interface, wrap a few unnecessary
Newlib functions that would otherwise cause several OS interface
functions to be linked in. Abort if these functions are called.

Original-Reviewed-on: https://pigweed-review.googlesource.com/c/pigweed/pigweed/+/112311

https://pigweed.googlesource.com/pigweed/pigweed
third_party/pigweed Rolled-Commits: 71e8310be2e24d6..919d1831a6f337e
Roller-URL: https://ci.chromium.org/b/8801839379394128945
GitWatcher: ignore
CQ-Do-Not-Cancel-Tryjobs: true
Change-Id: I49d60a3053b33ed9ea91446a513e9f47c2303037
Reviewed-on: https://pigweed-review.googlesource.com/c/pigweed/experimental/+/112262
Bot-Commit: Pigweed Integration Roller <pigweed-integration-roller@pigweed.google.com.iam.gserviceaccount.com>
Commit-Queue: Pigweed Integration Roller <pigweed-integration-roller@pigweed.google.com.iam.gserviceaccount.com>
diff --git a/third_party/pigweed b/third_party/pigweed
index 71e8310..919d183 160000
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-Subproject commit 71e8310be2e24d62dc8de93d0cd7ab85f02e33ad
+Subproject commit 919d1831a6f337ed62661e0133cd6807284038b4