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// Copyright 2020 The Pigweed Authors
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
// use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
// the License at
//
// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
// the License.
// std::span is a stand-in for C++20's std::span. Do NOT include this header
// directly; instead, include it as <span>.
//
// A span is a non-owning array view class. It refers to an external array by
// storing a pointer and length. Unlike std::array, the size does not have to be
// a template parameter, so this class can be used to without stating its size.
//
// This file a modified version of base::span from Chromium:
// https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/d93ae920e4309682deb9352a4637cfc2941c1d1f/base/containers/span.h
//
// In order to minimize changes from the original, this file does NOT fully
// adhere to Pigweed's style guide.
//
// A few changes were made to the Chromium version of span. These include:
// - Use std::data and std::size instead of base::* versions.
// - Rename base namespace to std.
// - Rename internal namespace to pw_span_internal.
// - Remove uses of checked_iterators.h and CHECK.
// - Replace make_span functions with C++17 class template deduction guides.
// - Use std::byte instead of uint8_t for compatibility with std::span.
//
#pragma once
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cstddef>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include "pw_polyfill/language_features.h"
#include "pw_polyfill/standard_library/namespace.h"
// Pigweed: Disable the asserts from Chromium for now.
#define _PW_SPAN_ASSERT(arg)
_PW_POLYFILL_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
// [views.constants]
constexpr size_t dynamic_extent = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
template <typename T, size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
class span;
namespace pw_span_internal {
template <typename T>
struct ExtentImpl : std::integral_constant<size_t, dynamic_extent> {};
template <typename T, size_t N>
struct ExtentImpl<T[N]> : std::integral_constant<size_t, N> {};
template <typename T, size_t N>
struct ExtentImpl<std::array<T, N>> : std::integral_constant<size_t, N> {};
template <typename T, size_t N>
struct ExtentImpl<std::span<T, N>> : std::integral_constant<size_t, N> {};
template <typename T>
using Extent = ExtentImpl<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>>;
template <typename T>
struct IsSpanImpl : std::false_type {};
template <typename T, size_t Extent>
struct IsSpanImpl<span<T, Extent>> : std::true_type {};
template <typename T>
using IsSpan = IsSpanImpl<std::decay_t<T>>;
template <typename T>
struct IsStdArrayImpl : std::false_type {};
template <typename T, size_t N>
struct IsStdArrayImpl<std::array<T, N>> : std::true_type {};
template <typename T>
using IsStdArray = IsStdArrayImpl<std::decay_t<T>>;
template <typename T>
using IsCArray = std::is_array<std::remove_reference_t<T>>;
template <typename From, typename To>
using IsLegalDataConversion = std::is_convertible<From (*)[], To (*)[]>;
template <typename Container, typename T>
using ContainerHasConvertibleData = IsLegalDataConversion<
std::remove_pointer_t<decltype(std::data(std::declval<Container>()))>,
T>;
template <typename Container>
using ContainerHasIntegralSize =
std::is_integral<decltype(std::size(std::declval<Container>()))>;
template <typename From, size_t FromExtent, typename To, size_t ToExtent>
using EnableIfLegalSpanConversion =
std::enable_if_t<(ToExtent == dynamic_extent || ToExtent == FromExtent) &&
IsLegalDataConversion<From, To>::value>;
// SFINAE check if Array can be converted to a span<T>.
template <typename Array, typename T, size_t Extent>
using EnableIfSpanCompatibleArray =
std::enable_if_t<(Extent == dynamic_extent ||
Extent == pw_span_internal::Extent<Array>::value) &&
ContainerHasConvertibleData<Array, T>::value>;
// SFINAE check if Container can be converted to a span<T>.
template <typename Container, typename T>
using IsSpanCompatibleContainer =
std::conditional_t<!IsSpan<Container>::value &&
!IsStdArray<Container>::value &&
!IsCArray<Container>::value &&
ContainerHasConvertibleData<Container, T>::value &&
ContainerHasIntegralSize<Container>::value,
std::true_type,
std::false_type>;
template <typename Container, typename T>
using EnableIfSpanCompatibleContainer =
std::enable_if_t<IsSpanCompatibleContainer<Container, T>::value>;
template <typename Container, typename T, size_t Extent>
using EnableIfSpanCompatibleContainerAndSpanIsDynamic =
std::enable_if_t<IsSpanCompatibleContainer<Container, T>::value &&
Extent == dynamic_extent>;
// A helper template for storing the size of a span. Spans with static extents
// don't require additional storage, since the extent itself is specified in the
// template parameter.
template <size_t Extent>
class ExtentStorage {
public:
constexpr explicit ExtentStorage(size_t /* size */) noexcept {}
constexpr size_t size() const noexcept { return Extent; }
};
// Specialization of ExtentStorage for dynamic extents, which do require
// explicit storage for the size.
template <>
struct ExtentStorage<dynamic_extent> {
constexpr explicit ExtentStorage(size_t size) noexcept : size_(size) {}
constexpr size_t size() const noexcept { return size_; }
private:
size_t size_;
};
} // namespace pw_span_internal
// A span is a value type that represents an array of elements of type T. Since
// it only consists of a pointer to memory with an associated size, it is very
// light-weight. It is cheap to construct, copy, move and use spans, so that
// users are encouraged to use it as a pass-by-value parameter. A span does not
// own the underlying memory, so care must be taken to ensure that a span does
// not outlive the backing store.
//
// span is somewhat analogous to StringPiece, but with arbitrary element types,
// allowing mutation if T is non-const.
//
// span is implicitly convertible from C++ arrays, as well as most [1]
// container-like types that provide a data() and size() method (such as
// std::vector<T>). A mutable span<T> can also be implicitly converted to an
// immutable span<const T>.
//
// Consider using a span for functions that take a data pointer and size
// parameter: it allows the function to still act on an array-like type, while
// allowing the caller code to be a bit more concise.
//
// For read-only data access pass a span<const T>: the caller can supply either
// a span<const T> or a span<T>, while the callee will have a read-only view.
// For read-write access a mutable span<T> is required.
//
// Without span:
// Read-Only:
// // std::string HexEncode(const uint8_t* data, size_t size);
// std::vector<uint8_t> data_buffer = GenerateData();
// std::string r = HexEncode(data_buffer.data(), data_buffer.size());
//
// Mutable:
// // ssize_t SafeSNPrintf(char* buf, size_t N, const char* fmt, Args...);
// char str_buffer[100];
// SafeSNPrintf(str_buffer, sizeof(str_buffer), "Pi ~= %lf", 3.14);
//
// With span:
// Read-Only:
// // std::string HexEncode(std::span<const uint8_t> data);
// std::vector<uint8_t> data_buffer = GenerateData();
// std::string r = HexEncode(data_buffer);
//
// Mutable:
// // ssize_t SafeSNPrintf(std::span<char>, const char* fmt, Args...);
// char str_buffer[100];
// SafeSNPrintf(str_buffer, "Pi ~= %lf", 3.14);
//
// Spans with "const" and pointers
// -------------------------------
//
// Const and pointers can get confusing. Here are vectors of pointers and their
// corresponding spans:
//
// const std::vector<int*> => std::span<int* const>
// std::vector<const int*> => std::span<const int*>
// const std::vector<const int*> => std::span<const int* const>
//
// Differences from the C++20 draft
// --------------------------------
//
// http://eel.is/c++draft/views contains the latest C++20 draft of std::span.
// Chromium tries to follow the draft as close as possible. Differences between
// the draft and the implementation are documented in subsections below.
//
// Differences from [span.cons]:
// - Constructing a static span (i.e. Extent != dynamic_extent) from a dynamic
// sized container (e.g. std::vector) requires an explicit conversion (in the
// C++20 draft this is simply UB)
//
// Furthermore, all constructors and methods are marked noexcept due to the lack
// of exceptions in Chromium.
// [span], class template span
template <typename T, size_t Extent>
class span : public pw_span_internal::ExtentStorage<Extent> {
private:
using ExtentStorage = pw_span_internal::ExtentStorage<Extent>;
public:
using element_type = T;
using value_type = std::remove_cv_t<T>;
using size_type = size_t;
using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
using pointer = T*;
using reference = T&;
using iterator = T*;
using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
static constexpr size_t extent = Extent;
// [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
constexpr span() noexcept : ExtentStorage(0), data_(nullptr) {
static_assert(Extent == dynamic_extent || Extent == 0, "Invalid Extent");
}
constexpr span(T* data, size_t size) noexcept
: ExtentStorage(size), data_(data) {
_PW_SPAN_ASSERT(Extent == dynamic_extent || Extent == size);
}
// Artificially templatized to break ambiguity for span(ptr, 0).
template <typename = void>
constexpr span(T* begin, T* end) noexcept : span(begin, end - begin) {
// Note: CHECK_LE is not constexpr, hence regular CHECK must be used.
_PW_SPAN_ASSERT(begin <= end);
}
template <
size_t N,
typename =
pw_span_internal::EnableIfSpanCompatibleArray<T (&)[N], T, Extent>>
constexpr span(T (&array)[N]) noexcept : span(std::data(array), N) {}
template <typename U,
size_t N,
typename = pw_span_internal::
EnableIfSpanCompatibleArray<std::array<U, N>&, T, Extent>>
constexpr span(std::array<U, N>& array) noexcept
: span(std::data(array), N) {}
template <typename U,
size_t N,
typename = pw_span_internal::
EnableIfSpanCompatibleArray<const std::array<U, N>&, T, Extent>>
constexpr span(const std::array<U, N>& array) noexcept
: span(std::data(array), N) {}
// Conversion from a container that has compatible std::data() and integral
// std::size().
template <typename Container,
typename = pw_span_internal::
EnableIfSpanCompatibleContainerAndSpanIsDynamic<Container&,
T,
Extent>>
constexpr span(Container& container) noexcept
: span(std::data(container), std::size(container)) {}
template <
typename Container,
typename = pw_span_internal::
EnableIfSpanCompatibleContainerAndSpanIsDynamic<const Container&,
T,
Extent>>
constexpr span(const Container& container) noexcept
: span(std::data(container), std::size(container)) {}
constexpr span(const span& other) noexcept = default;
// Conversions from spans of compatible types and extents: this allows a
// span<T> to be seamlessly used as a span<const T>, but not the other way
// around. If extent is not dynamic, OtherExtent has to be equal to Extent.
template <typename U,
size_t OtherExtent,
typename = pw_span_internal::
EnableIfLegalSpanConversion<U, OtherExtent, T, Extent>>
constexpr span(const span<U, OtherExtent>& other)
: span(other.data(), other.size()) {}
PW_CONSTEXPR_FUNCTION span& operator=(const span& other) noexcept = default;
~span() noexcept = default;
// [span.sub], span subviews
template <size_t Count>
constexpr span<T, Count> first() const noexcept {
static_assert(Count <= Extent, "Count must not exceed Extent");
_PW_SPAN_ASSERT(Extent != dynamic_extent || Count <= size());
return {data(), Count};
}
template <size_t Count>
constexpr span<T, Count> last() const noexcept {
static_assert(Count <= Extent, "Count must not exceed Extent");
_PW_SPAN_ASSERT(Extent != dynamic_extent || Count <= size());
return {data() + (size() - Count), Count};
}
template <size_t Offset, size_t Count = dynamic_extent>
constexpr span<T,
(Count != dynamic_extent
? Count
: (Extent != dynamic_extent ? Extent - Offset
: dynamic_extent))>
subspan() const noexcept {
static_assert(Offset <= Extent, "Offset must not exceed Extent");
static_assert(Count == dynamic_extent || Count <= Extent - Offset,
"Count must not exceed Extent - Offset");
_PW_SPAN_ASSERT(Extent != dynamic_extent || Offset <= size());
_PW_SPAN_ASSERT(Extent != dynamic_extent || Count == dynamic_extent ||
Count <= size() - Offset);
return {data() + Offset, Count != dynamic_extent ? Count : size() - Offset};
}
constexpr span<T, dynamic_extent> first(size_t count) const noexcept {
// Note: CHECK_LE is not constexpr, hence regular CHECK must be used.
_PW_SPAN_ASSERT(count <= size());
return {data(), count};
}
constexpr span<T, dynamic_extent> last(size_t count) const noexcept {
// Note: CHECK_LE is not constexpr, hence regular CHECK must be used.
_PW_SPAN_ASSERT(count <= size());
return {data() + (size() - count), count};
}
constexpr span<T, dynamic_extent> subspan(
size_t offset, size_t count = dynamic_extent) const noexcept {
// Note: CHECK_LE is not constexpr, hence regular CHECK must be used.
_PW_SPAN_ASSERT(offset <= size());
_PW_SPAN_ASSERT(count == dynamic_extent || count <= size() - offset);
return {data() + offset, count != dynamic_extent ? count : size() - offset};
}
// [span.obs], span observers
constexpr size_t size() const noexcept { return ExtentStorage::size(); }
constexpr size_t size_bytes() const noexcept { return size() * sizeof(T); }
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return size() == 0; }
// [span.elem], span element access
constexpr T& operator[](size_t idx) const noexcept {
// Note: CHECK_LT is not constexpr, hence regular CHECK must be used.
_PW_SPAN_ASSERT(idx < size());
return *(data() + idx);
}
constexpr T& front() const noexcept {
static_assert(Extent == dynamic_extent || Extent > 0,
"Extent must not be 0");
_PW_SPAN_ASSERT(Extent != dynamic_extent || !empty());
return *data();
}
constexpr T& back() const noexcept {
static_assert(Extent == dynamic_extent || Extent > 0,
"Extent must not be 0");
_PW_SPAN_ASSERT(Extent != dynamic_extent || !empty());
return *(data() + size() - 1);
}
constexpr T* data() const noexcept { return data_; }
// [span.iter], span iterator support
constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept { return data_; }
constexpr iterator end() const noexcept { return data_ + size(); }
constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept {
return reverse_iterator(end());
}
constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept {
return reverse_iterator(begin());
}
private:
T* data_;
};
// span<T, Extent>::extent can not be declared inline prior to C++17, hence this
// definition is required.
// template <class T, size_t Extent>
// constexpr size_t span<T, Extent>::extent;
// [span.objectrep], views of object representation
template <typename T, size_t X>
span<const std::byte, (X == dynamic_extent ? dynamic_extent : sizeof(T) * X)>
as_bytes(span<T, X> s) noexcept {
return {reinterpret_cast<const std::byte*>(s.data()), s.size_bytes()};
}
template <typename T,
size_t X,
typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_const<T>::value>>
span<std::byte, (X == dynamic_extent ? dynamic_extent : sizeof(T) * X)>
as_writable_bytes(span<T, X> s) noexcept {
return {reinterpret_cast<std::byte*>(s.data()), s.size_bytes()};
}
// Type-deducing helpers for constructing a span.
// Pigweed: Instead of a make_span function, provide the deduction guides
// specified in the C++20 standard.
#ifdef __cpp_deduction_guides
template <class T, std::size_t N>
span(T (&)[N]) -> span<T, N>;
template <class T, std::size_t N>
span(std::array<T, N>&) -> span<T, N>;
template <class T, std::size_t N>
span(const std::array<T, N>&) -> span<const T, N>;
namespace pw_span_internal {
// Containers can be mutable or const and have mutable or const members. Check
// the type of the accessed elements to determine which type of span should be
// created (e.g. span<char> or span<const char>).
template <typename T>
using ValueType = std::remove_reference_t<decltype(std::declval<T>()[0])>;
} // namespace pw_span_internal
// This diverges a little from the standard, which uses std::ranges.
template <class Container>
span(Container&) -> span<pw_span_internal::ValueType<Container>>;
template <class Container>
span(const Container&) -> span<pw_span_internal::ValueType<const Container>>;
#endif // __cpp_deduction_guides
_PW_POLYFILL_END_NAMESPACE_STD
#undef _PW_SPAN_ASSERT