Added bzlmod support to all extension rules. (#3037)

Additional Changes:
- The rules `rules_nodejs` for `rules_rust_wasm_bindgen` will no longer
tested and will be dropped unless bzlmod support is added for the
original `bazel_build_rules_nodejs` rules.
- `rules_rust_bindgen` updated default clang version to 17.0.3 to match
bzlmod available version.
- `rules_rust_prost` updated protobuf version to `v28.3`

Relates to:
- https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_rust/issues/2181